DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

PART 1 - GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Work Included .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 related work .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Reference Standards ................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Submittals ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 General Requirements ............................................................................................................. 7
1.5 General Contractor’s Responsibility ......................................................................................... 8
1.6 Conflict Between Plans and Specifications .............................................................................. 8
1.7 As-Built Plans ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.8 Acceptance of the Work ........................................................................................................... 8
1.9 Inspection and Testing ............................................................................................................. 8
PART 2 - PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Pipes and Fittings ..................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Valves ..................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Pipe Hangers, Inserts, and Supports ...................................................................................... 16
2.4 Pressure Gauges .................................................................................................................... 16
2.5 Pipe Insulation Material .......................................................................................................... 17
2.6 Thermometers ........................................................................................................................ 17
PART 3 – EXECUTION......................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 General Installation Requirements ......................................................................................... 17
3.2 Water Pipe, Fittings, and Connections ................................................................................... 17
3.3 Installation of Pipework ........................................................................................................... 19
3.4 Verification of Inverts .............................................................................................................. 20
3.5 Joints ...................................................................................................................................... 20
3.6 Corrosion Protection for Pipe and Fittings .............................................................................. 22
3.7 Pipe Sleeves and Flashing ..................................................................................................... 23
3.8 Fire Seal ................................................................................................................................. 24
3.9 Testing .................................................................................................................................... 24
3.10 Cleaning and Flushing Sewers ............................................................................................... 25
3.11 Cleaning, Flushing and Disinfecting Water Piping.................................................................. 25
3.12 Connections to Owner’s Equipment ....................................................................................... 25
3.13 Connections to Kitchen ........................................................................................................... 25
3.14 Supports ................................................................................................................................. 25
3.15 Provision for Pipe Expansion, Contraction and Building Shrinkage ....................................... 28
3.16 Unions, Flanges and Fittings .................................................................................................. 29
3.17 Welded Installation ................................................................................................................. 30
3.18 Fixtures and Fixture Trimmings .............................................................................................. 30
3.19 Identification Systems ............................................................................................................. 33
3.20 Escutcheons ........................................................................................................................... 33
3.21 Painting ................................................................................................................................... 33
3.22 Tests, Flushing and Disinfection............................................................................................. 34

MEINHARDT PHILIPPINES INC.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

SECTION 15410
PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE PIPING SYSTEMS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 WORK INCLUDED

A. Comply with Division 15010, General Provisions and all documents referred to
therein.

B. Provide all labour, materials, products, equipment and services to supply and install
the plumbing and drainage inside the building to point of connection outside the
exterior building wall as indicated on the Drawings and specified in this Section of the
Specifications.

C. The word 'pipework' or 'piping' shall mean all pipes, drains, tubes, pipe fittings, valves
including hangers, brackets, anchors, expansion devices, sleeves, and all accessories
connected there to for the complete piping installation.

D. Details of all pipe supports, thrust blocks and anchors shall be submitted for approval prior to
ordering materials and commencement of work.

E. The Sub-Contractor shall be responsible for the coordination and location of all piping and
equipment with other Trade-Contractor before installation.

F. The Sub-Contractor shall be responsible before commencing work for checking all levels
and gradients shown on Drawings and for relating them to site conditions to ascertain that
conditions on site permit execution of work as shown on Drawings.

G. The Sub-Contractor shall run all drainage pipes with a fall as indicated on the drawings and
shall give horizontal anti siphonage and ventilating pipes a corresponding upward gradient
towards the main stacks.

H. All pipes, fittings, joints and jointing materials used shall be suitable for the substances
conveyed in the pipes and shall not deteriorate due to chemical or atmospheric action. All
pipes and fittings shall have ample strength for the pressure involved.

I. The Sub-Contractor shall provide for dissimilar metal joints to prevent electrolytic action in
the piping systems, special flanged connections with insulating gaskets plus insulating
sleeves for the flange bolts shall be provided.

J. Where pipes and rainwater outlets pass through roof slabs suitable openings shall be left
during casting by others. The Sub-Contractor shall install the pipe, rainwater outlets, etc
taking into account the water proofing installation method as detailed by the Employers
Representative.

K. Floor drains shall be installed in the same manner as rainwater outlets. Openings will
be formed in the slabs by others. Detailed dimensions and locations shall be supplied
by the Sanitary Sub-Contractor

L. The Sub-Contractor shall locate all valves, traps, cleaning eyes, and similar items where
they are easily accessible for operation, inspection and repair.

M. All valves, cocks, etc which shall require any approval by local Authority must be submitted to
the Authority by the Sub-Contractor who shall be responsible for all charges incurred. No
valves and fittings shall be installed prior to approval by local Authority.

N. Exposed pipework will not be permitted in occupied area.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

1.2 RELATED WORK

A. Section 3 Part 9 - Adhesives, Caulking, Sealants and Fasteners

B. Section 19 Part4 - Metal Fixtures

C. Section 37 Part 1 - Painting

D. Section 05090 A - Welding Structural

E. Section 13110 A - Cathodic Protection System (Sacrificial Anode)

F. Section 13112 A - Cathodic Protection System (Impressed Current)

G. Section 15010 - General Provisions

H. Section 15060 - Hangers and Supports

I. Section 15070 - Motors, Starters, Motor Control Centres and Wiring

J. Section 15250 - Insulation

K. Section 15480 - Firestopping

1.3 REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. American National Standards Institute (ANSI):

ANSI Z124.2 Plastic Shower Units

ANSI Z124.5 Plastic Toilet (Water Closet) Seats

ANSI Z21.10.1 Z21.10.1a; Z21.10.1b; Z21.10.1c) Gas Water Heaters Vol. I,

Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings of 75,000 Btu Per
Hour or Less

ANSI Z21.10.3 Gas Water Heaters Vol.III, Storage Water Heaters With Input
Ratings Above 75,000 Btu Per Hour, Circulating and
Instantaneous Water Heaters

ANSI Z21.22 Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shutoff Devices for Hot
Water Supply Systems

ANSI Z358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment

B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A36/A36M Carbon Structural Steel

A47/A47M Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings

A 53/A 53M Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and
Seamless

A 74 Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

A 105/A 105M Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

A 183 Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Nuts

A 193/A 193M Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-
Temperature Service

A 515/A 515M Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and
Higher-Temperature Service

A 516/A 516M Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and
Lower-Temperature Service

A 888 Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and
Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications

B 32 Solder Metal

B370 Copper Sheet and Strip for Building Construction

B813 Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and Copper
Alloy Tube.

C 564 Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

C 920 Elastomeric Joint Sealants

D2000 System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications

D 2564 Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) PVC Plastic Piping
Systems

D 2822 Asphalt Roof Cement

D 2855 Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Pipe and

Fittings.

D 3139 Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes using Flexible Elastomeric

Seals.

D 3212 Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals.

D 3308 PTFE Resin Skived Tape.

E1 ASTM Thermometers

F 477 Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe

C. American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE):

ASSE 1037 (1990; Rev thru Mar 1990) Pressurized Flushing Devices
(Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures.

D. American Water Works Association (AWWA):

B300 Hypochlorites

EWW Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater

M20 Manual: Water Chlorination Principles and Practices

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

E. American Welding Society (AWS):

AWS A5.8 Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

F. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):

A112.18.1M Plumbing Fixture Fittings

A112.6.1M Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use

B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

B16.3 Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings

B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2 thru NPS 24

B16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

B31.1 Power Piping

B40.1 Gauges - Pressure Indicating Dial Type - Elastic Element

G. Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI):

CISPI 310 Coupling for Use in Connection with Hubless Cast Iron Soil
Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and
Vent Piping Applications

CISPI HSN-85 Neoprene Rubber Gaskets for Hub and Spigot Cast Iron Soil
Pipe and Fittings

H. Copper Development Association (CGA) :

CDA Tube Handbook Copper Tube Handbook

I. International Code Council (ICC):

CABO A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities

ICC Plumbing Code International Plumbing Code (IPA)

J. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS) :

MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and
Unions

MSS SP-73 Brazing Joints for Copper and copper Alloy Pressure Fittings

K. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):

NFPA 90A Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems

L. NSF International (NSF) :

NSF 14 Plastics Piping Components and Related Materials

NSF 61 Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects
(Sections 1-9)

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

M. Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA):

PPFA-01 Plastic Pipe in Fire Resistive Construction

N. Plumbing and Drainage Institute (PDI)

PDI WH 201 Water Hammer Arresters

O. Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors National Association (NAPHCC)

NAPHCC Plumbing Code National Standard Plumbing Code

P. Society of Automotive Engineers International (SAE)

SAE J 1508 Hose Clamps

Q. U.S. General Services Administration (GSA)

CID A-A-240 Shower Head, Ball Joint

R. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)

PL 93-523 Safe Drinking Water Act

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for all technical submissions, applications and
liaison with the Owner departments and supply authorities, whether they are new
submissions or following up of previous submissions already made. The Contractor
shall be responsible for obtaining all the necessary approvals and certificates for his
installations and payments for his applications.

B. The following shall be submitted:

1. Shop Drawings

a. Control Diagrams

Complete electrical schematic lineless or full line interconnection and

connection diagrams for each piece of mechanical equipment having
more than one automatic or manual electrical control device.

b. Plumbing System

Detail drawings consisting of illustrations, schedules, performance

charts, instructions, brochures, diagrams, and other information to
illustrate the requirements and operation of each system. Detail
drawings for the complete plumbing system including piping layout
and location of connections; dimensions for roughing-in, foundation,
and support points; schematic diagrams; and wiring diagrams or
connection and interconnection diagrams. Detail drawings shall
indicate clearances required for maintenance and operation. Where
piping and equipment are to be supported other than as indicated,
details shall include loadings and proposed support method. All
mechanical drawing plans, elevations, view, and details, shall be
drawn to scale.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

2. Product Data

a. Welding

A copy of qualified procedures and a list of names and identification

symbols or qualified welders and welding operators

b. Fixtures and Fixture Trimming

Plumbing Fixture Schedule with catalog cuts of [specified plumbing

fixtures] [valves] [related piping] system and system location where
installed.

c. Vibration-Absorbing Features

Details of vibration-absorbing features, including arrangement,

foundation plan, dimensions and specification.

d. Framed Instructions

Diagrams, instructions, and other sheets, prior to posting.

Manufacturer’s recommendations for the installation of bell and spigot
and hubless joints for cast iron soil pipe.

3. Test Reports

a. Tests, Flushing and Disinfection

Test reports in booklet form showing all field tests performed to adjust
each component and field tests performed to prove compliance with
the specified performance criteria, upon completion and testing of the
installed system. Each test report shall indicate the final position of
controls.

b. Test of Backflow Prevention Assemblies

Certification of proper operation shall be accomplished with

requirements in accordance with local regulations by an individual
certified by the authority having jurisdiction to perform such test. If no
local requirement exists, the Contractor shall have the manufacturer’s
representative test the device, to ensure the unit properly installed
and performing as intended. The Contractor shall provide written
documentation of the tests performed and signed by the individual
performing the tests.

4. Certificates

a. Station Outlets

Proof that outlets as an assembly conform to the requirements of

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

b. Materials and Equipment

Where materials or equipment are specified to comply with

requirements of AGA, ASME, or NSF proof of such compliance shall
be included. The label or listing of the specified agency will be
acceptable evidence. In lieu of the label or listing, a written certificate
may be submitted from an approved, nationally recognized testing
organization equipped to perform such services, stating that the items

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

have been tested and conform to the requirements and testing

methods of the specified agency. Where equipment is specified to
conform to ASME requirements, the design, fabrication, and
installation shall conform to the code.

c. Bolts

Written certification from the bolt manufacturer that the bolts

furnished comply with specified requirements. The certification shall
include illustrations of product-required markings, date of
manufacture, and number of each type of bolt to be furnished based
on this certification.

5. Operation and Maintenance Data

a. Plumbing System

Six (6) copies of the operational manual outlining the step-by-step

procedures required for system startup, operation and shutdown.
The manual shall include the manufacturer’s name, model, number,
service manual, parts list, and brief description of all equipment and
their basic operating features. Six (6) copies of the maintenance
manual listing routine maintenance procedures, possible breakdowns
and repairs. The manual shall include piping and equipment layout
and simplified wiring and control diagrams of the system as installed.

1.5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Standard Products

Specified materials and equipment shall be standard items of a manufacturer

regularly engaged in the manufacture of such products. Specified equipment shall
essentially duplicate equipment that has performed satisfactorily at least 2 years prior
to bid opening.

B. Performance Requirements

1. Welding

Piping shall be welded in accordance with qualified procedures using

performance-qualified welders and welding operators. Procedures and
welders shall be qualified in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC IX. Welding
procedures qualified by others, and welders and welding operators qualified
by another employer, may be accepted as permitted by ASME B31.1. The
Owner’s Representative shall be notified 24 hours in advance of tests, and
the tests shall be performed at the work site if practicable. Welders or
welding operators shall apply their assigned symbols near each weld they
make as a permanent record. Structural members shall be welded in
accordance with Section 05090A Welding, Structural.

2. Cathodic Protection and Pipe Joint Bonding

Cathodic protection and pipe joint bonding systems shall be in accordance

with Section 13110A and Section 13112A.

3. Electrical Work

Motors, motor controllers and motor efficiencies shall conform to the

applicable requirements of Section 15070. Electric motor-driven equipment
specified herein shall be provided complete with motors. Equipment shall be

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

rated at 60Hz, single phase, ac unless otherwise indicated. Motors shall be

open, dripproof type unless otherwise indicated. Where a motor controller is
not provided in a motor-control center on the electrical drawings, a motor
controller shall be provided with the mechanical equipment. Electrical
characteristics shall be as indicated. Motor controllers shall be provided
complete with properly sized thermal-overload protection in each ungrounded
conductor, auxiliary contact, and other equipment at the specified capacity
including an allowable service factor, and other appurtenances necessary for
the motor control specified. Manual or automatic control and protective or
signal devices required for operation herein specified and any wiring required
to such devices not shown on the electrical drawings shall be provided under
this section. Complete electrical schematic lineless or full line interconnection
and connection diagram for each piece of mechanical equipment having more
than one automatic or manual electrical control device shall be submitted for
approval. Manual or automatic control and protective or signal devices
required for operation herein specified and wiring required to such devices not
shown on the electrical drawings shall be provided under this section.

1.6 GENERAL CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY

A. Coodination of all sub-contractors is the responsibility of the General Contractor, work

to follow plans and specifications which are complementary to each other.

1.7 CONFLICT BETWEEN PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

A. Specification shall govern.

1.8 AS-BUILT PLANS

A. As construction progresses, the contractor shall indicate on the field copy of the
contract plans any and all deviations from originally drawn thereon. Upon completion
of the contract, these field corrections shall be incorporated on reproducible drawing
sheets of the system. The required reproducible drawing sheets to be submitted shall
be as per Section 15010.

1.9 ACCEPTANCE OF THE WORK

A. Shall be conditioned on a successful test of the entire system.

1.10 INSPECTION AND TESTING

A. The Owner representative reserves the right to inspect and witness at manufacturer’s
works test on any items of equipment or piping whichever the Owner representative
may select. The Contractor shall allow all testing facilities for this purpose.

B. The Contractor shall carry out all tests specified in this specification and all tests
required by Authorities having jurisdiction over the works. All tests shall be carried out
in the presence of the Owner representative or M&E Consultant.

C. All apparatus, instruments, equipment, materials and labour required for conducting
these tests and demonstration shall be provided at the cost of the Contractor. The
Contractor shall carry out pressure for hydraulic test on the complete Plumbing
System to show that it is functioning and satisfactorily within the requirements of this
specification. Copies of all test certificates shall be endorsed by the Client’s site staff
and forwarded to the Owner representative for his review.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 PIPES AND FITTINGS

A. Pipe fittings shall be compatible with the applicable pipe materials. Plastic pipe,
fittings, and solvent cement shall meet NSF 14 and shall be NSF listed for the service
intended. Polypropylene and other plastic pipe and fittings shall conform to
dimensional requirements of Schedule 40, Iron Pipe size. Pipe threads (except dry
seal) shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Grooved pipe couplings and fittings shall be
from the same manufacturer. Material or equipment containing lead shall not be used
in any potable water system. In line devices such as water meters, building valves,
check valves, meter stops, valves, fittings and backflow preventers shall comply with
PL 93-523 and NSF 61, Section 8. End point devices such as drinking water
fountains, lavatory faucets, kitchen and bar faucets, residential ice makers, supply
stops and end point control valves used to dispense water for drinking shall meet the
requirements of NSF 61, Section 9.

B. Building Drainage System

1. Interior Underground Sanitary Sewer and Soil Waste Piping:

• PVC Pipes and Fittings Sanitary II Series 1000, conforming to ASTM

2729.

2. Exterior underground Sanitary Sewer Piping:

• PVC Pipes and Fittings Sanitary II Series 1000, conforming to ASTM

2729.

3. Interior and Exterior Suspended Soil Pipe, Waste pipe and Vent Stack Piping:

• PVC Pipes and Fittings Sanitary II Series 1000, conforming to ASTM

2729.

4. Interior Underground Storm Drainage Piping:

• PVC Pipes and Fittings Sanitary II Series 1000, conforming to ASTM

2729.

5. Interior Suspended Storm Drainage Piping:

• PVC Pipes and Fittings Sanitary II Series 1000, Conforming to ASTM

2729.

6. Exterior Underground Storm Drainage Piping:

• For 150 mm dia. to 250 mm dia shall be concrete drain pipe (CDP),
tongue and groove, mortar joints. Reinforced for 300 mm dia and larger.

• Alternate material HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe conforming to PR

EN 13476-1

7. Condensate Drain Piping

• PVC pipe and fittings Sanitary II Series 1000 (for Horizontal runs
Expanded polyolefin thermal insulation shall be provided)
(All shaft penetrations shall be provided with the fire stopping collar)

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8. Sump pump discharge pipe

• Hot Dipped Galvanized Iron Pipes (Seamless) and Fittings - Schedule 40

conforming to ASTM A53 or equivalent

• Fittings: 50mm and smaller - malleable iron threaded fitting conforming

to ANSI B16.3

65mm dia. and larger - cast steel flange (Threaded) and

neoprene or soft rubber gasket of 1.60mm thick (min.)
conforming to ANSI/ASME B16.5. Bolts shall be of hexagon
head and shall be of adequate length such that at least three
complete threads protrude through the hexagonal nut when the
flanged joints is fully tightened.

9. Water tank drain pipe

• Hot Dipped Galvanized Iron Pipes (Seamless) - Schedule 40 conforming

to ASTM A53 or equivalent
• Fittings: 50mm and smaller - malleable - iron threaded fitting conforming
to ANSI B16.3
65mm and larger – cast steel flange (Threaded) and neoprene
or soft rubber gasket of 1.50mm thick (min.) conforming to
ANSI/ASME B16.5. Bolts shall be of hexagon head and shall
be of adequate length such that at least three complete threads
protrude through the hexagonal nut when the flanged joints is
fully tightened.

C. Building Water Supply System

1. Exterior Underground Cold Water Piping

• HDPE Pipes and fittings, conforming to ISO 16111; 180 3607 ASTM
1248; Type IV Class C and DIN 19535; DIN 8074; DIN 8075.

a. Piping sizes 75mm and smaller electro weld joint and fitting.
b. Piping sizes 100mm and larger butt fusion joint and fittings.

2. Interior and Exterior Suspended Water Piping:

• Polypropylene Pipes (PPR) & Fittings DIN 16968/DIN 16969 BS

Class PN-25 for 110mm and below.

High Density Polyetitylene Pipes (HDPE) and fittings and valve. DIN
8074/DIN 8075 for 150mm and larger, jointing shall be as follows:

a. Piping sizes 150mm and larger butt fusion joint and fittings.
b. Connection to pump – Flange adapter
c. Connection to pump suction – Stainless steel

3. Polypropylene Pipes (PPR) and fittings DIN 16968/DIN 16969 BS Class PN-
20.

a. Connection to each fixture-compression joint and fittings.

Horizontal suspended Piping-socket fusion joint and fittings.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

D. Pipe Joint Materials

Grooved pipe and hubless cast-iron soil pipe shall not be used underground. Joint
and gasket materials shall conform to the following:

1. Coupling for Hubless Cast-Iron Pipe: For hub and spigot type ASTM A 74,
AWWA C606. For hubless type: CISPI 310
2. Coupling for Steel Pipe: AWWA C606.
3. Couplings for Grooved Pipe: Malleable Iron ASTM A 47/A 47M, Grade 32510.
4. Flange Gaskets: Gaskets shall be made of non-asbestos material in
accordance with ASME B16.21. Gaskets shall be flat, 1.6 mm (1/16 inch)
1/16 inch thick, and contain aramid fibers bonded with Styrene Butadiene
Rubber (SBR) or Nitro Butadine Rubber (NBR). Gaskets shall be full face or
self centering flat ring type. Gaskets used for hydrocarbon service shall be
bonded with NBR.
5. Neoprene Gaskets for Hub and Spigot Cast-Iron Pipe and Fittings: CISPI
HSN-85.
6. Brazing Material: Brazing material shall conform to AWS A5.8, Bcup-5.
7. Brazing Flux: Flux shall be in paste or liquid form, be appropriate for use with
brazing material, be lead free, have a 100 percent flushable residue, contain
slightly acidic reagents, contain potassium bromides, and contain fluorides.
8. Solder Material: Solder metal shall conform to ASTM B 32.
9. Solder Flux: Flux shall be liquid form, non-corrosive, and shall conform to
ASTM B 813, Standard Test 1.
10. Polytetrafluoroethylene Tape, for use with Threaded Metal or Plastic Pipe,
and Distilled Water-Piping: ASTM D 3308.
11. Rubber Gaskets for Cast-Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings (hub and spigot type and
hubless type): ASTM C 564.
12. Rubber Gaskets for Grooved Pipe: ASTM D 2000, maximum temperature
110 degrees C (230 degrees F). 230 degrees F.
13. Flexible Elastomeric Seals: ASTM D 3139, ASTM D 3212 or ASTM F 477.
14. Bolts and Nuts for Grooved Pipe Couplings: Heat treated carbon steel, ASTM
A 183.
15. Plastic Solvent Cement for PVC Plastic Pipe: ASTM D 2564 and ASTM D
2855.
16. Flanged Fittings: Flanged fittings including flanges, bolts, nuts, bolt patterns,
etc. shall be accordance with ASME B16.5 Class 150 and shall have the
manufacturers trademark affixed in accordance with MSS SP-25. Flange
material shall conform to ASTM A105 / A105M. Blind flange material shall
conform to ASTM A516 / A516M cold service and ASTM A515 / A515M for
hot service. Bolts shall be high strength or intermediate strength with material
conforming to ASTM A 193 / A193M.

E. Miscellaneous Materials

Miscellaneous materials shall conform to the following:

1. Copper, Sheet and Strip for Building Construction: ASTM B 370.

2. Asphalt Roof Cement: ASTM D 2822.
3. Hose Clamps: SAE J 1508.
4. Supports for Off-The-Floor Plumbing Fixtures: ASME A112.6.1M.
5. Plumbing Fixture Setting Compound: A preformed flexible ring seal molded
from hydrocarbon wax material. The seal material shall be nonvolatile,
nonasphaltic and contain germicide and provide watertight, gastight,
odorproof and verminproof properties.
6. Coal-Tar Protective Coating and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines: AWWA
C203.
7. Hypochlorites: AWWA B300.
8. Liquid Chlorine: AWWA B301.
9. Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Piping: AWWA C105.

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10. Gauges - Pressure and Vacuum Indicating Dial Type-Elastic Element: ASME
B40.1.
11. Thermometers: ASTM E 1. Mercury shall not be used in thermometers

2.2 VALVES

A. General

1. All valves shall be of approved manufacture complying with the appropriate AWWA
and ANSI Standards and approved for the working pressure involved.
2. The valves shall be the types or models which are suitable for the working fluid in
the system. The rated working pressure of the valve as specified for the working
medium shall be the actual working pressure, i.e. as specified hereafter:
Valve Rating
Cold & Hot Water System
a. At pump suction and discharge ANSI 200
b. At supply and distribution ANSI 150
c. Sewage & Drainage System ANSI 125

3. The Sub-Contractor shall supply and install all isolating valves and control valves as
indicated on the drawings and as required for the proper and efficient operation and
maintenance of the entire systems and as may be required by the local authority.

Material of valve shall be as follows:

Main valve body and cover;

a. Plastic Valves: Ball complying with MSS SP-122;

butterfly, check and other types made of
same material as piping. Include union
ends, socket ends, socket ends with
separate unions, flanged ends, or wafer
design for flanges.
b. Plastic-Line Ferrous Valves: Ball butterfly, and other types with ferrous
body with interior lining same as or
compatible with piping.
c. Plastic Valve: ¼ turn electrically actuated ball valve shall
be made of CPVC and housing with the
following features:
- 5-second delay time, 720 in/lbs torque
output.
- Limit switch, indicating lights & 2-wire
control
- Threaded end connections

4. Valves shall be provided as described in the respective sections and preferably be of

a single make.
5. All valves except commissioning valves shall be full line size.
6. Commissioning valves shall be selected on flow performance and may be less than
line size.
7. Each valve shall have a purpose made reference number plate or label
engraved or stamped indicating the manufacturer's catalogue number,
pressure and temperature ratings. Valves shall be arranged so that clockwise
rotation of the spindle will close the valve. Dymo labels are not acceptable.
Controlling wheels shall be clearly marked showing in which direction the
wheel is to be turned to close the valve and an indicator which shall show
whether the valve is open or shut.

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8. All valves shall be packed with an approved packing and threads shall be coated
with oil and graphite. In particular, packing shall be asbestos-free. Packings should
be replaced when found deteriorated on site.
9. Where possible locate all valves at convenient positions for operation, testing and
maintenance from the floor with valve stems upright. Valves shall be closed in less
than 5 seconds when operated at maximum possible speed from fully open position.
10. Valves that are flanged shall have flanges to the table specified for the pipework.
11. Plastic or metal plates (rustless) shall be provided to indicate the open/close status
as well as the use of each valve in the pump.

B. Provide Honeywell, Crane or Kitz domestic water valves for the following:

1. Gate Valves:

a. 50 mm and smaller - cast bronze with threaded ends, solid wedges

and non-rising stems.
b. 65 mm and larger - cast-iron body with bronze facing with flanged
ends, solid wedges and rising stems.

2. Standard Check Valves:

a. For valves of sizes up to 50mm shall be bronze with threaded ends.

b. For valves of sizes 65mm and 80mm shall be cast-iron where
appropriate, with flanged ends.
Up to 80mm silent-type check valves shall be installed. The valves
shall be of a spring loaded, closed type. Seats and plugs shall be
bronze. Spring shall be stainless.
c. For 100 mm and larger cast iron body & cover, bronze valve trim,
bronze pilot controls stainless pilot control trim.
Valve shall be diaphragm with closing speed control, globe or angle
type, hydraulically operated, spring loaded and have a single
removable seat and resilient disc, the valve shall be guided at both
ends by a bearing in the valve seat. No external packing glands are
permitted. The diaphragm shall not be used as a seating surface. All
necessary repairs shall be possible without removing valve from the
line.

3. Plastic Pressure Reducing Valves

Spring operated diaphragm made of same materials as or compatible with

piping and compatible with system liquid. Include manual adjustment feature.

4. Plastic Pressure Relief Valves

Spring operated diaphragm valve, made of same materials as or compatible

with piping and compatible with system liquid. Include manual.

5. Backwater Valves

Backwater valves shall be either separate from the floor drain or a

combination floor drain, “P” trap, and backwater valve, as shown. Valves
shall have cast-iron bodies with cleanouts large enough to permit removal of
interior parts. Valves shall be of the flap type, hinged or pivoted, with
revolving disks. Hinged pivots, disks, and seats shall be nonferrous metal.
Disks shall be slightly open in a no-flow, no-backwater condition. Cleanouts
shall extend to finished floor and be fitted with threaded countersunk plugs.

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6. Wall Faucets

Wall faucets with vacuum breaker backflow preventer shall be brass with 20
mm (3/4 inch) ¾ inch male inlet threads, hexagon shoulder, and 20 mm (3/4
inch) ¾ inch hose connection. Faucet handle shall be securely attached to
stem.

7. Wall Hydrants

Wall hydrants with vacuum breaker backflow preventer shall have a nickel-
brass or nickel-bronze wall plate or flange with nozzle and detachable key
handle. A brass or bronze operating rod shall be provided within a galvanized
iron casing of sufficient length to extend through wall so that the valve is
inside the building, and the portion of the hydrant between the outlet and valve
is self-draining. A brass or bronze valve with coupling and union elbow
having metal-to-metal seat shall be provided. Valve rod and seat washer
shall be removable through the face of the hydrant. The hydrant shall have
20 mm (3/3 inch) ¾ inch exposed hose thread on spout and 20 mm (3/4 inch)
¾ inch male pipe thread on inlet.

8. Lawn Faucets

Lawn faucets shall be brass, with either straight or angle bodies, and shall be
of the compression type. Body flange shall be provided with internal pipe
thread to suit 20 mm (3/4 inch) ¾ inch pipe. Body shall be suitable for wrench
grip. Faucet spout shall have 20 mm (3/4 inch) ¾ inch exposed hose threads.
Faucet handle shall be securely attached to stem.

9. Yard Hydrants

Yard box or post hydrants shall have valve housings located below frost lines.
Water from the casing shall be drained after valve is shut off. Hydrant shall
be bronze with cast-iron box or casing guard. “T” handle key shall be
provided.

10. Relief Valves

Water heaters and hot water storage tanks shall have combination pressure
and temperature (P&T) relief valve. The pressure relief element of a P&T
relief valve shall have adequate capacity to prevent excessive pressure build
up in the system when the system is operating at the maximum rate of heat
input. The temperature element of a P&T relief valve shall have a relieving
capacity which is at least equal to the total input of the heaters when
operating at their maximum capacity. Relief valves shall be rated according
to ANSI Z21.22, have 20 mm (3/4 inch) 3/4 inch minimum inlets, and 20 mm
(3/4 inch) 3/4 inch outlets for systems where the maximum rate of heat input
is less than 59 kW (200,000 Btuh). 200,000 Btuh. Relief valves rated
according to ASME BPVC SEC IV, or ASME CSD-1, shall have 25.0 mm (1
inch) 1 inch minimum inlets, and 25.0 mm (1 inch) 1 inch outlets for systems
where the maximum rate of heat input is greater than 59 kW (200,000 Btuh).
200,000 Btuh. The discharge pipe from the (P&T) valve shall be the size of
the valve outlet.

11. Level Control Valves (Float Valves)

Design valve shall be pilot controlled, diaphragm actuated, single seated,

hydraulically operated, with resilient disc. Seat shall be renewable and
diaphragm and disc. Replacement without removing valve from the line.
Valve stem shall be non-magnetic stainless steel. Valve shall have no
external packing glands or stuffing boxes. Operation: Valve shall wide when

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float is at low liquid level and close drip tight when float is at high liquid level.
(Non modulating type).

12. Balancing Valves

Balancing valves shall be plug pattern of the square head type. Those
smaller than 65 mm shall be all bronze, brass, or a metal where appropriate,
with threaded ends and those 65 mm and larger shall have iron bronze or
brass plugs with cast-iron body where appropriate and flanged ends.
Balancing valves shall be incorporated with flow measuring devices.

13. Automatic Air Relief Valves

Automatic air vents, shall be furnished at the top of main water risers, supply
and return pipes.

A shut-off valve shall be provided at the inlet of each automatic air vent. The
outlet shall be piped to the nearest drain.

Air Release Valves shall be of the simple lever type and shall be capable of
automatically releasing accumulated air from a fluid system while that system
is in operation and under pressure.

To assure drop tight shut-off, a viton orifice button shall be used to seal the
valve discharge orifice when the valve is in a closed position. To orifice
diameter will be sized for use within a given operating pressure range to
insure maximum discharge capacity.

The materials of construction are as follows:

The body and cover shall be of cast iron. With the exception of the viton
orifice button, the leverage mechanism, float and all other internal trim shall
be of stainless steel.

The stainless steel float shall be designed to and capable of withstanding a

pressure in excess of 1,000 P.S.I.

14. Drain Valves

All valves in each instance shall be suitable in all respects for the class of service and
function.

Drain valves shall be provided at low points of all water risers and mains to ensure
that all sections of pipework and plant can be drained.

Drain valve size as follows:

Piping 50mm smaller: 15mm gate valve

Piping 65mm and above: 20mm gate valve

15. Foot Valves

Foot valve for water supply system shall be:

• Heavy duty construction with integrated flanges connection.

• Cast iron body, all bronze trims with stainless steel spring and stainless
steel strainers.
• Flow area on strainers at least three times the pipe size.

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C. Fixture

Fixtures shall be water conservation type, in accordance with ICC Plumbing Code.
Fixtures for use by the physically handicapped shall be in accordance with CABO
A117.1. Vitreous china, non-absorbent, hard-burned, and vitrified throughout the body
shall be provided. Porcelain enamelled ware shall have specially selected, clear
white, acid-resisting enamel coating evenly applied on surfaces. No fixture will be
accepted that shows cracks, crazes, blisters, thin spots, or other flaws. Fixtures shall
be equipped with appurtenances such as traps, faucets, stop valves, and drain
fittings. Each fixture and piece of equipment requiring connections to the drainage
system, except grease interceptors, shall be equipped with a trap. Brass expansion
or toggle bolts capped with acorn nuts shall be provided for supports. Pipe, valves,
and fittings exposed to view shall be chromium plated. Fixtures and trim not covered
by MIL-STD-1691 shall be considered special, but shall be of equal quality and
material. Fixtures with the supply discharge below the rim shall be equipped with
backflow preventers. Internal parts of flush and/or flushometer valves, shower mixing
valves, shower head face plates, pop-up stoppers of lavatory waste drains, and pop-
up stoppers and overflow tees and shoes of bathtub waste drains may contain acetal
resin, fluorocarbon, nylon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or other plastic
material, if the material has provided satisfactory service under actual commercial or
industrial operating conditions for not less than 2 years. Plastic in contact with hot
water shall be suitable for 82 degree C (180 degree F) 180 degree F water
temperature. Plumbing fixtures shall be as listed below. Shower heads, CID A-A-240
other than emergency showers, shall be [adjustable] [nonadjustable] spray type and
shall include a non-removable, tamperproof flow control device which shall limit water
flow to 0.16 liters per second (2.5 gpm) 2.5 gpm when tested in accordance with
ASME A112.18.1M.

1. Flushometer Valves

Flushometer valves shall have a non-hold-open feature with backcheck angle

control stop and a vacuum breaker. Flushometer valves shall be large
diaphragm type, having a minimum upper chamber inside diameter of not
less than 66.7 mm (2-5/8 inches) 2-5/8 inches at the point where the
diaphragm is sealed between the upper and lower chambers. Flushometer
valves shall conform to ASSE 1037.

2. Automatic Flushing System

Flushing system shall consist of solenoid activated flushing devices with

electrical operated light beam sensor or pushbutton as required to energize
solenoid. Flushing devices shall be provided as described in paragraph
FIXTURES AND FIXTURE TRIMMINGS.

2.3 PIPE HANGERS, INSERTS, AND SUPPORTS

Pipe hangers, inserts, and supports shall be as specified in Section 15060.

2.4 PRESSURE GAUGES

A. Gauges shall be Trerice 113 mm size No. 600B with black finish cast aluminum case,
phosphor bronze Bourdon tube, brass rotary type movement, bronze bushed, silver
brazed tip and socket joints, adjustable type pointer and calibrated in kPa and psi.

B. Install each gauge with Trerice brass impulse dampener.

C. Select gauges to suit an overpressure of 25% without damage to movement. Normal

operating pressure shall indicate approximately at mid point of dial. Provide
compound type gauge and scale for suction connection to pumps connected to open

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systems or equipment.

D. Provide gauges with an accuracy of 1% of full scale.

E. Provide gauges in the following locations:

1. Where shown on Detail Drawings and, in addition;

a. On suction and discharge sides of fuel oil pumps.

b. Where shown on Mechanical Drawings.

F. Supply two additional gauges to the Owner for his use, representative of the above
scale ranges.

2.5 PIPE INSULATION MATERIAL

Insulation shall be as specified in Section 15250.

2.6 THERMOMETERS

A. Thermometers shall be of the adjustable-angle glass tube-type in a 230 mm case, accurate

to ± 1/2 degree C. The scale range shall be suitable for the specified working fluid
temperature and shall be of 9” scale case, dual scale with degree F and degree C.

B. Thermometers and socket wells shall be selected, and shall be subjected to Engineer
approval with their stem length suitable for the size of pipes where they are to be installed.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

Piping located in air plenums shall conform to NFPA 90A requirements. Plastic pipe shall not
be installed in air plenums. Piping located in shafts that constitute air ducts or that enclose air
ducts shall be non-combustible in accordance with NFPA 90A. Installation of plastic pipe
where in compliance with NFPA may be installed in accordance with PPFA-01. The plumbing
system shall be installed complete with necessary fixtures, fittings, traps, valves, and
accessories. Piping shall be connected to the exterior service lines or capped or plugged, if
the exterior service is not in place. Sewer and water pipes shall be laid in separate trenches,
except when otherwise shown. Exterior underground utilities shall be at least 300 mm 12
inches below the finish grade or as indicated on the drawings. If trenches are closed or or as
indicated on the drawings. If trenches are closed or the pipes are otherwise covered before
being connected to the service lines, the location of the end of each plumbing utility shall be
marked with a stake or other acceptable means. Valves shall be installed with handle
horizontal to or above the valve body.

3.2 WATER PIPE, FITTINGS, AND CONNECTIONS

A. Utilities

The piping shall be extended to fixtures, outlets, and equipment. The hot water and
cold water piping system shall be arranged and installed to permit draining. The
supply line to each item of equipment or fixture, except faucets, flushing devices, or
other control valves which are supplied with integral stops, shall be equipped with a
shutoff valve to enable isolation of the time for repair and maintenance without
interfering with operation of other equipment or fixtures. Supply piping to fixtures,
faucets, hydrants, shower heads, and flushing devices shall be anchored to prevent
movement.

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B. Cutting and Repairing

The work shall be carefully laid out in advance, and unnecessary cutting through
construction shall be avoided. Damage to building, piping, wiring, or equipment as a
result of cutting shall be repaired by mechanics skilled in the trade involved.

C. Protection to Fixtures, Materials, and Equipment

Pipe openings shall be closed with caps or plugs during installation. Fixtures and
equipment shall be tightly covered and protected against dirt, water, chemicals, and
mechanical injury. Upon completion of the work, the fixtures, materials, and
equipment shall be thoroughly cleaned, adjusted, and operated. Safety guards shall
be provided for exposed rotating equipment.

D. Mains, Branches, and Runouts

Piping shall be installed as indicated. Pipe shall be accurately cut and worked into
place without springing or forcing. Structural portions of the building shall not be
weakened. Aboveground piping shall run parallel with the lines of the building, unless
otherwise indicated. Branch pipes from service lines may be taken from top, bottom,
or side of main, using crossover fittings required by structural or installation
conditions. Supply pipes, valves, and fittings shall be kept a sufficient distance from
other work and other services to permit not less than 15 mm 1/2 inch between
finished covering on the different services. Bare and insulated water lines shall not
bear directly against building structural elements so as to transmit sound to the
structure or prevent flexible movement of the lines. Water pipe shall not be buried in
or buried under floors unless specifically indicated or approved. Buried pipe shall be
inspected, tested, and approved before backfilling. Changes in pipe sizes shall be
made with reducing fittings. Use of bushings will not be permitted except for use in
situations in which standard factory fabricated components are furnished to
accommodate specific accepted installation practice. Change in direction shall be
made with fittings, except that bending of pipe 100 mm (4 inches) and smaller will be
permitted provided a pipe bender is used and wide sweep bends are formed. The
center-line radius of bends shall be not less than six diameters of the pipe. Bent pipe
showing kinks, wrinkles, flattening, or other malformations will not be acceptable.

E. Pipe Drains

Pipe drains indicated shall consist of 20 mm (3/4 inch) 3/4 inch hose bibb with
renewable seat and [gate] [or] [full port ball] valve ahead of hose bibb. At other low
points, 20 mm (3/4 inch) 3/4 inch brass plugs or caps shall be provided.
Disconnection of the supply piping at the fixture is an acceptable drain.

F. Expansion and Contraction of Piping

Allowance shall be made throughout for expansion and contraction of water pipe.
Each hot water and hot water circulation riser shall have expansion loops where
indicated and required. Risers shall be securely anchored as required or where
indicated to force expansion to loops. Branch connections from risers shall be made
with ample swing or offset to avoid undue strain on fittings or short pipe lengths.
Horizontal runs of pipe over 15 meters 50 feet in length shall be anchored to the wall
or the supporting construction about midway on the run to force expansion, evenly
divided, toward the ends. Sufficient flexibility shall be provided on branch runouts from
mains and risers to provide for expansion and contraction of piping. Flexibility shall be
provided by installing one or more turns in the line so that piping will spring enough to
allow for expansion without straining. If mechanical grooved pipe coupling systems
are provided, the deviation from design requirements for expansion and contraction
may be allowed pending approval of Engineer.

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G. Thrust Restraint

Plugs, caps, tees, valves and bends deflecting 11.25 degrees or more, either vertically
or horizontally, in waterlines 100 mm (4 inches) in diameter or larger shall be provided
with thrust blocks to prevent movement. Thrust blocking shall be concrete of a mix not
leaner than: 1 cement, 2-1/2 sand, 5 gravel; and having a compressive strength of not
less than 14 MPa 2000 psi after 28 days. Blocking shall be placed between solid
ground and the fitting to be anchored. Unless otherwise indicated or directed, the
base and thrust bearing sides of the thrust block shall be poured against undisturbed
earth. The side of the thrust block not subject to thrust shall be poured against forms.
The area of bearing shall be as shown or directed. Blocking shall be placed so that
the joints of the fittings are accessible for repair. Steel rods and clamps, protected by
galvanizing or by coating with bituminous paint, shall be used to anchor vertical down
bends into gravity thrust blocks.

H. Commercial-Type Water Hammer Arresters

Commercial-type water hammer arresters, conforming to PDI WH 201, shall be

provided on hot and cold water supplies and shall be located as generally indicated,
with precise location and sizing per PDI WH 201. Water hammer arresters, where
concealed, shall be accessible by means of access doors or removable panels.
Vertical capped pipe columns will not be permitted.

3.3 INSTALLATION OF PIPEWORK

A. All pipework shall be free from burrs, rust and scale and shall be thoroughly cleaned before
and after erection and to prevent foreign material being left in the pipe. Open ends during the
progress of work shall be blanked-off with purpose made metal or plastic caps and the use of
wooden plugs is forbidden. Should any stoppage in the circulation occur after the various
systems have been put into operation, owing to non-compliance with this requirement, the
Sub-Contractor shall rectify the matter at no extra cost to the Sub-Contract.

B. Pipes shall be installed with correct falls for venting and draining and attention shall be paid to
neatness and workmanlike appearance as well as true alignment and grade i.e. groups of
pipes shall be accurately spaced and valves, joints, etc, symmetrically arranged. Where two
or more pipes are visible and change direction together bends shall be struck from a common
radius point.

C. The Sanitary Sub-Contractor shall note the restricted space available in certain service ducts
and the absolute necessity to ensure that all pipework is installed in the correct sequence,
manner and position to ensure that operation of all valves and maintenance is possible.

D. All reductions in pipe sizes shall be made using approved standard reducing fittings.
Reducing bushes shall not be used without approval. Connections between lengths of pipes
shall be made using standard fittings. Longthreads must not be used.

E. Vent pipes shall be constructed in such a way that no water trap will be formed in the entire
pipe run.

F. All galvanized steel pipes and fittings where buried in walls columns or slabs, or installed in
direct contact with concrete, the pipework shall be coated with an approved protective tape
before installation.

G. All pipework in the pump room, plantrooms and on roof level shall be installed with flanges or
unions at intervals not exceeding 6M for ease of dismantling.

H. Changes in direction of drainage pipes shall be made with long radius bends, or elbows.
Under no circumstances shall pipes be bent without the use of fittings.

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I. All pipe runs when not installed underground or in duct shall be concealed as far as possible
by careful positioning or shall be chased into walls, laid in screeds etc or as directed by the
Employer’s Representative.

J. All pipes passing through wall tiling and exposed to sight shall be provided with wall flanges
plugged and screwed to wall.

K. The Contractor shall pay particular attention to the installation of rainwater pipes/waste pipes
which will be cast inside structural members to ensure that the concealed pipes will not be
damaged when pouring concrete.

L. All pipework shall be installed to meet structural, architectural, and functional conditions and
shall not interfere with the works of other trades.

M. All pipework shall be installed and supported so that it is free from excessive stresses due to
weight from its contents plus its own dead weight, dynamic forces due to liquid movement,
and expansion and contraction due to change in temperature.

N. Pipework connected to the pumps shall be separately supported so as not to impose any load
on the pump casings.

O. Every care shall be taken to prevent air pockets in pipework. Automatic air vents shall be
fitted at all high points and shall be connected by piping to drain into the nearest drain pipe.

P. Pipes stored at site or installed shall have their ends closed with a metal cap or plugged with a
wooden plug to prevent any ingress of debris or whenever possible.

Q. On satisfactory completion of all pipe testing, the Sanitary Sub-Contractor shall drain,
clean and refill the piping system.

3.4 VERIFICATION OF INVERTS

A. Verify all field service conditions immediately after award of Contract to ensure that
drainage runs can meet the inverts of the site services.

B. Give notification immediately of any apparent difficulties or discrepancies.

C. No extra will be paid at a later date for rerouting of drains because site inverts cannot
be met.

3.5 JOINTS

Installation of pipe and fittings shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. Mitering of joints for elbows and notching of straight runs of pipe for tees
will not be permitted. Joints shall be made up with fittings of compatible material and made for
the specific purpose intended.

A. Threaded

Threaded joints shall have American Standard taper pipe threads conforming to
ASME B1.20.1. Only male pipe threads shall be coated with graphite or with an
approved graphite compound, or with an inert filler and oil, or shall have a
polytetrafluoroethylene tape applied.

B. Mechanical Couplings

Mechanical couplings may be used in conjunction with grooved pipe for aboveground,
ferrous or non-ferrous, domestic hot and cold water systems, in lieu of unions, brazed,
soldered, welded, flanged, or threaded joints. Mechanical couplings are permitted in

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accessible locations including behind access plates. Flexible grooved joints will not be
permitted, except as vibration isolators adjacent to mechanical equipment. Rigid
grooved joints shall incorporate an angle bolt pad design which maintains metal-to-
metal contact with equal amount of pad offset of housings upon installation to ensure
positive rigid clamping of the pipe. Designs which can only clamp on the bottom of the
groove or which utilize gripping teeth or jaws, or which use misaligned housing bolt
holes, or which require a torque wrench or torque specifications will not be permitted.
Rigid grooved pipe couplings shall be for use with grooved end pipes, fittings, valves
and strainers. Rigid couplings shall be designed for not less than 862 kPa (125 psi)
125 psi service and appropriate for static head plus the pumping head, and shall
provide a watertight joint. Grooved fittings and couplings, and grooving tools shall be
provided from the same manufacturer. Segmentally welded elbows shall not be used.
Grooves shall be prepared in accordance with the coupling manufacturer's latest
published standards.Grooving shall be performed by qualified grooving operators
having demonstrated proper grooving procedures in accordance with the tool
manufacturer's recommendations. The Engineer shall be notified 24 hours in advance
of test to demonstrate operator's capability, and the test shall be performed at the
work site, if practical, or at a site agreed upon. The operator shall demonstrate the
ability to properly adjust the grooving tool, groove the pipe, and to verify the groove
dimensions in accordance with the coupling manufacturer's specifications.

C. Unions and Flanges

Unions and flanges and mechanical couplings shall not be concealed in walls,
ceilings, or partitions. Unions shall be used on pipe sizes 65 mm (2-1/2 inches) 2-1/2
inches and smaller; flanges shall be used on pipe sizes 80 mm (3 inches) 3 inches
and larger.

D. Grooved Mechanical Joint

Grooves shall be prepared according to the coupling manufacturer's instructions.

Grooved fittings, couplings, and grooving tools shall be products of the same
manufacturer. Pipe and groove dimensions shall comply with the tolerances specified
by the coupling manufacturer. The diameter of grooves made in the field shall be
measured using a "go/no go" gauge, vernier or dial caliper, narrow-land micrometer,
or other method specifically approved by the coupling manufacturer for the intended
application. Groove width and dimension of groove from end of pipe shall be
measured and recorded for each change in grooving tool setup to verify compliance
with coupling manufacturer's tolerances. Grooved joints shall not be used in
concealed locations.

E. Cast Iron Pipe

Cast iron soil, waste and vent pipe joints shall be bell and spigot compression and
hubless gasketed clamped joints installed per the manufacturer's recommendations.

F. Copper Tube and Pipe

Joints shall be made up with fittings of compatible material and made for the purpose
intended. The tube or fittings shall not be annealed when making connections.

1. Brazed. Brazed joints shall conform to MSS SP-73 and CDA Tube Handbook,
made with flux, and are acceptable for all pipe sizes.
2. Soldered. Soldered joints shall be made with flux and are only acceptable for
piping 50 mm (2 inches) 2 inches and smaller. Soldered joints shall conform
to ASME B31.5 and CDA Tube Handbook. Soldered joints shall not be used
in compressed air piping between the air compressor and the receiver.
3. Copper Tube Extracted Joint. An extracted mechanical joint may be made in
copper tube. Joint shall be produced with an appropriate tool by drilling a pilot
hole and drawing out the tube surface to form a collar having a minimum

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height of three times the thickness of the tube wall. To prevent the branch
tube from being inserted beyond the depth of the extracted joint, dimpled
depth stops shall be provided. Branch tube shall be notched for proper
penetration into fitting to assure a free flow joint. Extracted joints shall be
brazed in accordance with NAPHCC Plumbing Code using B-cup series filler
metal in accordance with MSS SP-73. Soldered extracted joints will not be
permitted.
4. Mechanical couplings may be used in conjunction with grooved tube for
aboveground, nonferrous, domestic hot and cold water systems in lieu of
unions, brazed, soldered, or threaded joints. Mechanical couplings are
permitted only in accessible locations, including behind access plates.
Designs which can only clamp on the bottom of the groove or which utilize
gripping teeth or jaws, or which use misaligned housing bolt holes, or which
require a torque wrench or torque specifications will not be permitted. Rigid
grooved tube couplings shall be used with grooved end tubes, fittings, and
valves. Rigid couplings shall be designed for not less than 862 kPa (125 psi)
125 psi service appropriate for static head plus the pumping head, and shall
provide a watertight joint. Grooved fittings and couplings, and grooving tools
shall be provided from the same manufacturer. Segmentally brazed or
soldered elbows shall not be used. Grooves shall be prepared in accordance
with the coupling manufacturer's latest published standards. Grooving shall
be performed by qualified grooving operators having demonstrated proper
grooving procedures in accordance with the tool manufacturer's
recommendations. The Engineer shall be notified 24 hours in advance of test
to demonstrate operator's capability, and the test shall be performed at the
work site, if practical, or at an agreed upon site. The operator shall
demonstrate the ability to properly adjust the grooving tool, groove the tube,
and to verify the groove dimensions in accordance with the coupling
manufacturer's specifications.

G. Plastic Pipe

ABS pipe shall have joints made with solvent cement. PVC and CPVC pipe shall have
joints made with solvent cement elastomeric, threading, or mated flanged. Threading
of Schedule 80 pipe is allowed only where required for disconnection and inspection;
threading of Schedule 40 pipe is not allowed. Joints for plastic pipe materials shall be
made in the following manner:

Pipe Material Joint Method

Pipe Jointing Method Socket and Butt Fusion

for PE Plastic Pipe

Resin Pipe (RTRP)

ABS Solvent Cement

Pipe Material Joint Method

PVC AND CPVC Solvent Cement Elastomeric
(Threading of Schedule 80 Pipe is allowed, only
where required for disconnection and inspection)
(Threading of Schedule 40 Pipe is not allowed)
Flanged, Grooved Joint to Joint Methods

3.6 CORROSION PROTECTION FOR PIPE AND FITTINGS

Buried cast-iron soil piping shall be completely encased in polyethylene tube or sheet in
accordance with AWWA C105. Exterior surfaces of steel pipe and fittings installed
underground shall be coated with primer and wrapped with tape during installation. Tape shall
conform to AWWA C203 and primer shall be as recommended by the tape manufacturer.

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After thoroughly cleaning piping of foreign matter, the pipe shall be primed and immediately
wrapped with tape, applied with a 50 percent overlap. Joints and fittings shall be coated and
wrapped with the same primer and tape after piping has been tested in accordance with ICC
Plumbing Code.

3.7 PIPE SLEEVES AND FLASHING

Pipe sleeves shall be furnished and set in their proper and permanent location.

A. Sleeve Requirements
Pipes passing through concrete or masonry wall or concrete floors or roofs shall be
provided with pipe sleeves fitted into place at the time of construction. Sleeves will not
be required for supply, drainage, waste and vent pipe passing through concrete slab
on grade, except where penetrating a membrane waterproof floor. A modular
mechanical type sealing assembly with sleeves of proper diameter may be installed in
lieu of a waterproofing clamping flange and caulking and sealing of annular space
between pipe and sleeve. The seals shall consist of interlocking synthetic rubber links
shaped to continuously fill the annular space between the pipe and sleeve using
galvanized steel bolts, nuts, and pressure plates. The links shall be loosely assembled
with bolts to form a continuous rubber belt around the pipe with a pressure plate under
each bolt head and each nut. After the seal assembly is properly positioned in the
sleeve, tightening of the bolt shall cause the rubber sealing elements to expand and
provide a watertight seal between the pipe and the sleeve. Each seal assembly shall
be sized as recommended by the manufacturer to fit the pipe and sleeve involved.
Sleeves shall not be installed in structural members, except where indicated or
approved. Rectangular and square openings shall be as detailed. Each sleeve shall
extend through its respective wall, floor, or roof, and shall be cut flush with each
surface, except for special circumstances. Pipe sleeves passing through floors in wet
areas such as mechanical equipment rooms, lavatories, kitchens, and other plumbing
fixture areas shall extend a minimum of 100 mm (4 inches) above the finished floor.
Unless otherwise indicated, sleeves shall be of a size to provide a minimum of 6 mm
(1/4 inch) clearances between bare pipe or insulation and inside of sleeve or between
insulation and inside of sleeves. Sleeves in bearing walls and concrete slab on grade
floors shall be steel pipe or cast-iron pipe. Sleeves in nonbearing walls or ceilings may
be steel pipe, cast-iron pipe, galvanized sheet metal with lock-type longitudinal seam
or plastic. Except as otherwise specified, the annular space between pipe and sleeve,
or between jacket over insulation and sleeve, shall be sealed as indicated with
sealants conforming to ASTM C 920 and with primer backstop material and surface
preparation as specified in Section 3 Part 9. The annular space between pipe and
sleeve between bare insulation and sleeve or between jacket over insulation and
sleeve shall not be sealed for interior walls which are not designated as fire rated.
Pipe sleeves in fire-rated walls shall conform to the requirements of Section 15370.

B. Flashing Requirements

Pipes passing through roof shall be installed through a lead flashing or a 4.9 kg/sq
meter (16 ounce) copper flashing, each within an integral skirt or flange. Flashing
shall be suitably formed; the skirt or flange shall extend not less than 200 mm (8
inches) from the pipe, and shall be set over the roof or floor membrane in a solid
coating of bituminous cement. The flashing shall extend up the pipe a minimum of
250 mm (10 inches). For cleanouts, the flashing shall be turned down into the hub
and caulked after placing the ferrule. Pipes passing through pitched roofs shall be
flashed, using copper flashing, with an adjustable integral flange of adequate size to
extend not less than 200 mm (8 inches) from the pipe in all directions and lapped into
the roofing to provide a watertight seal. The annular space between flashing and bare
pipe or between flashing and metal-jacket covered insulation shall be sealed as
indicated. Flashing for dry vents shall be turned down into the pipe to form a
waterproof joint. Pipes, up to and including 250 mm (10 inches) in diameter, passing
through roof or floor waterproofing membrane may be installed through a cast iron

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sleeve with caulking recess, anchor lugs, flashing-clamp device, and pressure ring
with brass bolts. Flashing shield shall be fitted into the sleeve clamping device. Pipes
passing through wall waterproofing membrane shall be sleeved as described above.
A waterproofing clamping flange shall be installed.

C. Waterproofing

Waterproofing at floor-mounted water closets shall be accomplished by forming a

flashing guard from soft-tempered sheet copper. The center of the sheet shall be
perforated and turned down approximately 40 mm (1-1/2 inches) to fit between the
outside diameter of the drainpipe and the inside diameter of the cast-iron or steel pipe
sleeve. The turned down portion of the flashing guard shall be embedded in sealant to
a depth of approximately 40 mm (1-1/2 inches) then the sealant shall be finished off
flush to floor level between the flashing guard and drainpipe. The flashing guard of
sheet copper shall extend not less than 200 mm (8 inches) from the drainpipe and
shall be lapped between the floor membrane in a solid coating of bituminous cement.
If cast-iron water closet floor flanges are used, the space between the pipe sleeve and
drainpipe shall be sealed with sealant and the flashing guard shall be upturned
approximately 40 mm (1-1/2 inches) to fit the outside diameter of the drainpipe and
the inside diameter of the water closet floor flange. The upturned portion of the sheet
fitted into the floor flange shall be caulked to form a seal.

D. Optional Counterflashing

Instead of turning the flashing down into a dry vent pipe, or caulking and sealing the
annular space between the pipe and flashing or metal-jacket covered insulation and
flashing, counterflashing may be accomplished by utilizing the following:

1. A standard roof coupling for threaded pipe up to 150 mm (6 inches) in

diameter.
2. A tack-welded or banded-metal rain shield around the pipe.

3.8 FIRE SEAL

Where pipes pass through fire walls, fire partitions, fire rated pipe chase walls or floors above
grade, a fire seal shall be provided as specified in Section 15370.

3.9 TESTING

A. Carry out not less than the following tests:

1. Perform water tests on all soil, waste, vent and rainwater systems when
rough-in of the system, or section thereof including fittings, branches, clean-
outs and traps except fixture traps. When the system or section is filled, shut
off the water, and allow to stand for 24 hours. There shall be no loss by
leakage during this time.
2. Pressure test domestic cold water, domestic hot water, and re-circulation
lines with water at 150% of maximum operating pressure, for 6 hours without
loss of pressure.

B. Conduct additional tests required by the authorities having jurisdiction.

C. If tests are required by an authority having jurisdiction, perform tests in the presence
of each governing authority's authorized inspector, and obtain certification.

D. Certify tests not required by the authorities having jurisdiction.

E. Perform tests before piping, drains or vents are covered or concealed.

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F. Remove all components which will not withstand test pressure, and replace after
tests.

G. Eliminate leaks, or remove and refit defective parts. Caulking of threaded or welded
joints will not be permitted.

H. Repeat tests as often as necessary to obtain certification.

I. Set all fixtures and fill all traps with water after tests have been completed.

3.10 CLEANING AND FLUSHING SEWERS

On completion of construction of drains, flush all drains until the deposits of earth and other
foreign material have been removed.

3.11 CLEANING, FLUSHING AND DISINFECTING WATER PIPING

A. Be responsible for care and cleaning of the piping system during and after
construction. Plug all open ends during construction to prevent the entrance of
foreign materials.

B. Flush all systems with clean, potable water to remove scale and sediment
immediately upon filling.

C. Sterilize all potable water lines to meet local municipal requirements.

D. After completing satisfactory hydrostatic tests of the complete system, and flushing
mains as outlined above, disinfect the mains in accordance with AWWA Standard
C651. Repeat the flushing and disinfecting operation until the test results are
satisfactory.

E. Ensure by operation of isolating valves or the installation of check valves, that the
disinfecting solution does not flow back into other sections of piping in use.

F. Arrange and pay for water quality tests to be performed by a recognized independent
testing laboratory. Obtain certificates confirming safety of potable water supply.

3.12 CONNECTIONS TO OWNER’S EQUIPMENT

A. Rough in and connect to Owner's equipment. Do not rough in prior to receipt of final
approved layout of Owner's equipment.

3.13 CONNECTIONS TO KITCHEN

A. Provide connections to the kitchen area as shown on Drawings.

3.14 SUPPORTS

A. Suspend piping, and equipment with all necessary hangers and supports required for
a safe and neat installation. Ensure that pipes are free to expand and contract and
are graded properly. Adjust each hanger to take its full share of the weight.

B. Suspend hanger rods directly from the structure. Do not suspend pipes, ducts or
equipment from other pipes, ducts, equipment, metal work or ceilings.

C. Provide auxiliary structural steel angles, channels and beams where piping and
equipment must be suspended between joists or beams.

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D. Use galvanized rods, steel support angles, channels and beams where exposed to
direct contact with water or to possible high humidity conditions where condensation
can occur.

E. Space hangers to ensure that structural steel members are not over stressed. In no
case shall pipe hangers be further apart than indicated in the tables. When
requested, submit detailed drawings showing locations and magnitude of piping and
equipment loads on the structure. Provide calculations when requested by
Consultant.

F. Do not use trapeze type hangers for support of piping, without prior review by
Consultant. Where permitted, fabricate from angle or channel frames, and space
hangers to suit the smallest pipe size.

G. Do not use hooks, chains or straps to support equipment and materials.

H. For precast concrete work, if inserts cannot be cast into members, pass hanger rods
between the members and weld to steel plates resting on the upper surface of the
precast material. To prevent raising of the hanger rod, apply a lock nut and 50 mm
minimum dia. flat washer tight against the under surface of the precast material.

I. Provide round steel threaded rods meeting ASTM A36.

J. The following table establishes minimum standards of rod sizes and hanger spacing
for steel and copper piping.

Maximum Horizontal
Spacing of Supports
Pipe Size Rod Size Steel Copper
mm mm m m
12 10 1.5 1.5
20 10 1.8 1.8
25 10 1.8 1.8
32 10 2.4 2.1
40 10 2.7 2.4
50 10 2.7 2.7
65 12 3.0 3.0
75 12 3.0 3.0
90 12 3.0 3.3
100 16 3.0 3.7
125 16 3.7 3.7
150 20 3.7 3.7
200 22 3.7
250 22 3.7
300 22 3.7
350 25 3.7
400 25 3.7
450 29 3.7
500 32 3.7
600 32 3.7

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K. All pipework fittings, valves, connections, etc shall be efficiently supported and bracketed. All
pipework shall be supported at intervals not greater than the following on straight runs.

Type Size of Pipe (mm) Interval (m) Interval (m)

of Piping Horizontal vertical

PVC tube 15-20 0.6 0.6

and copper 32-40 0.6 0.6
tube 50-65 0.75 0.75
80 0.90 0.90
100 1.05 1.05
150 1.35 1.35

G.I. pipes to 25 2.4 3.0

BSI 1387 32 2.7 3.0
40 & above 3.0 3.6

Cast iron and All sizes at least one fixing 1.8 3.0
Grey iron shall be provided for each
unit length

Ductile iron 80 & above 3.6 3.6

L. In addition to these basic requirements, provide hangers in the following location:

1. To eliminate vibration
2. At points of vertical and horizontal change of direction of pipe
3. At inline centrifugal pumps
4. At valves and strainers
5. On mains at branch takeoffs
6. To avoid stress on equipment connections
7. As required for seismic restraint

M. Support horizontal cast iron soil pipe at each hub. Where groups of fittings occur, not
more than three joints shall be between hangers.

N. Additional supports shall be provided adjacent to manually operated valves, bends, where
necessary, and other large pipeline mounted items to prevent undue strain on adjoining
pipework. Additional supports shall also be provided to pump connections etc. to prevent
undue strain on plant.

O. Piping inside the building shall be supported from the building structure which shall support
the sum of the load of a water-filled pipe and a minimum of 120kg applied at the point of
hanging.

P. Vertical pipework inside the building shall be supported at intervals of at least one per floor
level.

Q. All supports for cast iron, ductile iron, black steel and galvanized steel pipes shall be ferrous.
Details shall be submitted for approval prior to installation.

R. The supports for underground pipings shall be compacted sand.

S. Thrust blocks shall be installed at locations where pipeline changes directions (at bends tees),
stops (at dead ends) or changes in size (at reducers). The installation details and calculations
for the thrust blocks, anchors and supports must be submitted by the Sub-Contractor for
approval well before the commencement of work.

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T. All pipes supports shall be of such design and type to allow for the removal of any pipe
section without the necessity of disconnecting other adjacent pipes.

U. In all plant and pump rooms discharge pipework from pumps, and all pipework shall be
supported with 25mm static spring hanger specially designed anti-vibration hangers/supports.

V. The Sanitary Sub-Contractor shall be responsible for building-in of all supports, etc required
for the work. Tenderers shall allow for using "Philips Redhead Bolt Fixings" or equal and
approved. For concrete and cutting away and building in of brackets in brickwork, etc, as
required. Tenderers shall particularly note that it may not be possible to fix the bolts directly
above pipes and cantilever or sling type supports shall be used where required.

W. All brackets for PVC shall be galvanized steel brackets with PVC linings.

3.15 PROVISION FOR PIPE EXPANSION, CONTRACTION AND BUILDING SHRINKAGE

A. Make provision for pipe expansion, contraction and building shrinkage with suitable
anchors and offsets or expansion loops.

B. Install piping to allow freedom of movement in all planes without imposing undue
stress on any section of main piping, branch piping, equipment and structure.

C. Use offsets at pipe risers and other branch lines.

D. Select expansion joints for the calculated movement according to the following
temperature ranges.
1. For cold pipes, from minimum operating temperature to 38 deg C, plus 25%
safety factor.
2. For warm and hot pipes, from minimum ambient, but not lower than -5 deg C,
to maximum operating temperature plus 25% safety factor.

E. When ambient temperature during installation is higher than operating temperature,

use precompressed expansion joints.

F. Select expansion joints to withstand system test pressure, as well as operating

pressures and temperatures.

G. Wherever possible, advantage shall be taken of changes in direction of pipes to take up

expansion and contraction due to temperature changes of the pipe contents.

H. Expansion joints and movement joints shall be provided in pipes which cross the
building expansion joints (150mm axial expansion) shall also be provided elsewhere
to absorb the effect of expansion on pipes whether shown on the Drawings or not.

I. Movement joints with 100mm lateral movement shall also be provided for building settlement
at the building joints.

J. Expansion joints where required on water services shall be stainless steel bellows type with
inner and outer telescope sleeves. The joints shall be suitable for a test pressure as specified
for the pipes. Expansion couplings shall be used on waste pipes and rainwater pipes buried
in columns in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.

K. Where movement points occur, couplings shall be used so that building movement does not
cause fracture or stress in the pipework.

L. Upon sizing and fixing expansion joints on pipes crossing the building expansion joints, the
Sub-Contractor shall take into account, in addition to the expansion/contraction of pipes due
to temperature changes, the effect of relative horizontal movement between the two parts of
the building structure. Pipe guides shall be fitted on each side of each joint to keep the joint
and pipe in true alignment according to manufacturer's instruction.

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M. Install expansion joints in accordance with manufacturer's published installation

instructions.

N. During the construction and warranty periods, regularly review provisions for building
shrinkage and make necessary adjustments to piping to ensure freedom from binding
and stress.

3.16 UNIONS, FLANGES AND FITTINGS

A. General

1. All fittings shall be suitable for the working pressure involved and tested as specified
elsewhere in this Specification.
2. Reduction in bore of pipe shall be generally made eccentric for horizontal pipes (to
prevent air locking) and concentric taper fittings shall be fitted for vertical pipes
unless specifically required to achieve the required space and invert levels.

B. Cast Iron Spigot and Socket Pipes

1. Except for mechanical joints, cast iron pipe and fittings to ASTM A74 which are to
be jointed by molten lead, shall have minimum weights of lead per joint as follows.

Weight of Internal Dia. Depth of Gaskin in Lead Per Joint

of Pipe (mm) Joint (mm) (mm)

50 32 0.7
75 32 1.1
100 32 1.6
150 38 2.3
225 38 5.2

2. The spigot should be centered in the adjoining socket by tightly calking in sufficient
turns of gaskin to achieve required depth given above. Molten pig lead shall then be
poured in to fill remainder of the socket. The lead should be solidly caulked, with
suitable tools to make up for the shrinkage of the molten lead on cooling.
3. Cold caulking compound may be used in individual cases for jointing cast iron spigot
and socket pipes together which shall be at the discretion of the Employer’s
Representative. Depths of gaskin shall be the same as that indicated for run lead
joints.
4. Accesses/cleaning eyes shall be provided at the base of all stacks, opposite joints,
on bends and elsewhere required whether shown on the Drawings or not and in
such a position that they can be conveniently inspected and cleaned at all times.
5. Cleaning eyes and access covers shall be fitted with neoprene gasket and
sheradized bolts.
6. Brass plugs shall be allowed for future drain pipe connections wherever indicated on
drawings.

C. Galvanized Steel Pipes

1. Domestic Water pipes and fittings shall be screw jointed with unions.

2. For screwed joints, pipe lengths shall be cut with standard jig fitted pipe cutters,
threads cut with clean, sharp standard thread dies and ends reamed. Pipe threads
shall be cut to BS 21 - "pipe thread for tubes and fittings where pressure tight joints
are made on the thread". Plumber's rope or paint shall not be used to fill improperly
cut threads. Litharage and glycerine or flax and jointing compound used for joint
sealing shall not be allowed to enter the pipe orifice during fitting. pipe and pipe fitting
shall be thoroughly cleaned prior to application of the joint sealant.

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3. Flanged joints shall be used on pipework to enable ease in removal of equipment or

valves for inspection or repair. Flanges shall be of forged steel, flat faced slip on type
in accordance with BS 4504 "Flanges and bolting for pipes, valves and fittings" with
pressure class suitable for the working pressure. Jointing face of the flanges shall be
truly parallel to each other and in alignment. A suitable approved gasket of at least
1.5m thick shall be used between each jointing flange. Bolts shall be of hexagon
head and shall be of adequate length such that at least three complete threads
protrude through the hexagonal nut when the flanged joints is fully tightened.
4. Approved puddle flanges with water proofing materials shall be provided on all
pipes penetrating basement retaining walls and concrete water tanks.

D. PVC

1. All PVC pipes shall be jointed with sockets and fittings and as recommended by the
pipe manufacturer.
2. Solvent cement shall be used for all pipework, particular attention must be paid to
preparation.

E. Black Steel Pipes

1. Pipe fittings shall comply with B.S. 143 and B.S. 1256 black malleable iron screw
fitting for pipes and shall be suitable for the working pressures involved.
2. Only one-piece reducing pipe fittings shall be used whenever a change in the size of
the pipe is made.
3. Tees shall be of the easy sweep or twin elbow pattern except where square tees are
required for venting or drainage.
4. Bushes shall not be used and where a reduction in pipe size is required, reducing
sockets or tees shall be used. Eccentric reducing sockets shall be used wherever
necessary to ensure proper drainage or elimination of air pockets.
F. HPDE

1. All HPDE pipes shall be jointed by butt fusion welding or stub end.

3.17 WELDED INSTALLATION

Plumbing pipe weldments shall be as indicated. Changes in direction of piping shall be made
with welding fittings only; mitering or notching pipe to form elbows and tees or other similar
type construction will not be permitted. Branch connection may be made with either welding
tees or forged branch outlet fittings. Branch outlet fittings shall be forged, flared, flared for
improvement of flow where attached to the run, and reinforced against external strains.
Beveling, alignment, heat treatment, and inspection of weld shall conform to ASME B31.1.
Weld defects shall be removed and repairs made to the weld, or the weld joints shall be
entirely removed and rewelded. After filler metal has been removed from its original package it
shall be protected or stored so that its characteristics or welding properties are not affected.
Electrodes that have been wetted or that have lost any of their coating shall not be used.
Threaded sections of rods shall not be formed or bent.

3.18 FIXTURES AND FIXTURE TRIMMINGS

Polished chromium-plated pipe, valves, and fittings shall be provided where exposed to view.
Angle stops, straight stops, stops integral with the faucets, or concealed type of lock-shield,
and loose-key pattern stops for supplies with threaded, or sweat inlets shall be furnished and
installed with fixtures. Where connections between copper tubing and faucets are made by
rubber compression fittings, a beaded tool shall be used to mechanically deform the tubing
above the compression fittings. Exposed traps and supply pipes for fixtures and equipment
shall be connected to the rough piping systems at the wall, unless otherwise specified under
the item. Floor and wall escutcheons shall be as specified. Drain lines and hot water lines of
fixtures for handicapped personnel shall be insulated and do not require polished chrome

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finish. Plumbing fixtures and accessories shall be installed within the space shown. Stops for
water closet seats shall be installed on the wall.

A. Fixture Connections

Where space limitations prohibit standard fittings in conjunction with the cast-iron floor
flange, special short-radius fittings shall be provided. Connections between
earthenware fixtures and flanges on soil pipe shall be made gastight and watertight
with a closet-setting compound or neoprene gasket and seal. Use of natural-rubber
gaskets or putty will not be permitted. Fixtures with outlet flanges shall be set the
proper distance from floor or wall to make a first-class joint with the closet-setting
compound or gasket and fixture used.

B. Flushometer Valves

Flushometer valves shall be secured to prevent movement by anchoring the long

finish connection to top spud adjacent to valve, to the wall with approved metal
bracket. [Flushometer valves for water closets shall be installed 1 m (39 inches)
above the floor, except at water closets intended for use by the physically
handicapped where flushometer valves shall be mounted at approximately 762 mm
(30 inches) above the floor and arranged to avoid interference with grab bars. In
addition, for water closets intended for handicap use, the flush valve handle shall be
installed on the wide side of the enclosure.]

C. Height of Fixture Rims Above Floor

Lavatories shall be mounted with rim 775 mm (31 inches) above finished floor. Wall-
hung drinking fountains and water coolers shall be installed with rim 1.05 meters (42
inches) above floor. Wall-hung service sinks shall be mounted with rim 700 mm (28
inches) above the floor. Installation of fixtures for use by the physically handicapped
shall conform to CABO A117.1.

D. Shower Bath Outfits

The area around the water supply piping to the mixing valves and behind the
escutcheon plate shall be made watertight by caulking or gasketing.

E. Fixture Supports

Fixture supports for off-the-floor lavatories, urinals, water closets, and other fixtures of
similar size, design, and use, shall be of the chair carrier type. The carrier shall
provide the necessary means of mounting the fixture, with a foot or feet to anchor the
assembly to the floor slab. Adjustability shall be provided to locate the fixture at the
desired height and in proper relation to the wall. Support plates, in lieu of chair carrier,
shall be fastened to the wall structure only where it is not possible to anchor a floor-
mounted chair carrier to the floor slab.

1. Concrete or Solid Masonry Construction

Chair carrier shall be anchored to the floor slab. Where a floor-anchored chair
carrier cannot be used, a suitable wall plate shall be imbedded in the masonry
wall.

2. Cellular-Masonry Wall Construction

Chair carrier shall be anchored to floor slab. Where a floor-anchored chair

carrier cannot be used, a suitable wall plate shall be fastened to the cellular
wall using through bolts and a back-up plate.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

3. Steel Stud Frame Partitions

Chair carriers shall be used. The anchor feet and tubular uprights shall be of
the heavy duty design. Feet (bases) shall be steel and welded to a square or
rectangular steel tube upright. Wall plates, in lieu of floor-anchored chair
carriers, may be used only if adjoining steel partition studs are suitably
reinforced to support a wall plate bolted to these studs.

4. Wood Stud Construction

Where entire construction is wood, wood crosspieces shall be installed.

Fixture hanger plates, supports, brackets, or mounting lugs shall be fastened
with not less than No. 10 wood screws, 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick minimum steel
hangar, or toggle bolts with nut. The wood crosspieces shall extend the full
width of the fixture and shall be securely supported.

5. Wall-Mounted Water Closet Gaskets

When wall-mounted water closets are provided, reinforced wax, treated felt,
or neoprene gaskets shall be provided. The type of gasket furnished shall be
as recommended by the chair carrier manufacturer.

6. Backflow Prevention Devices

Plumbing fixtures, equipment, and pipe connections shall not cross connect
or interconnect between a potable water supply and any source of nonpotable
water. Backflow preventers shall be installed where indicated and in
accordance with ICC Plumbing Code at all other locations necessary to
preclude a cross-connect or interconnect between a potable water supply and
any nonpotable substance. In addition backflow preventers shall be installed
at all locations where the potable water outlet is below the flood level of the
equipment, or where the potable water outlet will be located below the level of
the nonpotable substance. Backflow preventers shall be located so that no
part of the device will be submerged. Backflow preventers shall be of
sufficient size to allow unrestricted flow of water to the equipment, and
preclude the backflow of any nonpotable substance into the potable water
system. Bypass piping shall not be provided around backflow preventers.
Access shall be provided for maintenance and testing. Each device shall be a
standard commercial unit.

7. Access Panels

Access panels shall be provided for concealed valves and controls or any
item requiring inspection or maintenance. Access panels shall be of sufficient
size and located so that the concealed items may be serviced, maintained, or
replaced. Access panels shall be as specified in Section 19 Part 4.

8. Sight Drains

Sight drains shall be installed so that the indirect waste will terminate 50 mm
(2 inches) above the flood rim of the funnel to provide an acceptable air gap.

9. Traps

Each trap shall be placed as near the fixture as possible, and no fixture shall
be double-trapped. Traps installed on cast iron soil pipe shall be cast iron.
Traps installed on steel pipe or copper tubing shall be recess-drainage
pattern, or brass-tube type. Traps for acid-resisting waste shall be of the
same material as the pipe.

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

3.19 IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS

A. Identification Tags

Identification tags made of brass, engraved laminated plastic, or engraved anodized

aluminum, indicating service and valve number, shall be installed on valves, except
those valves installed on supplies at plumbing fixtures. Tags shall be 35 mm (1-3/8
inch) minimum diameter, and marking shall be stamped or engraved. Indentations
shall be black, for reading clarity. Tags shall be attached to valves with No. 12 AWG,
copper wire, chrome-plated beaded chain, or plastic straps designed for that purpose.

B. Color Coding

Color coding for piping shall be as specified in Section 37 Part 1.

C. Color Coding Scheme for Locating Hidden Utility Components Scheme shall be
provided in buildings having suspended grid ceilings. The color coding scheme shall
identify points of access for maintenance and operation of operable components
which are not visible from the finished space and installed in the space directly above
the suspended grid ceiling. The operable components shall include valves, dampers,
switches, linkages and thermostats. The color coding scheme shall consist of a color
code board and colored metal disks. Each colored metal disk shall be approximately
9.5 mm (3/8 inch) in diameter and secured to removable ceiling panels with fasteners.
The fasteners shall be inserted into the ceiling panels so that the fasteners will be
concealed from view. The fasteners shall be manually removable without tools and
shall not separate from the ceiling panels when panels are dropped from ceiling
height. Installation of colored metal disks shall follow completion of the finished
surface on which the disks are to be fastened. The color code board shall have the
approximate dimensions of 1 meter 3 foot width, 750 mm 2 foot 6 inch height, and 12
mm (1/2 inch) thickness. The board shall be made of wood fiberboard and framed
under glass or 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) transparent plastic cover. Unless otherwise
directed, the color code symbols shall be approximately 20 mm (3/4 inch) in diameter
and the related lettering in 13 mm (1/2 inch) high capital letters.
The color code board shall be mounted and located in the mechanical or equipment
room. The color code system shall be as indicated below:

Color System Item Location

[_____] [_____] [_____] [_____]

3.20 ESCUTCHEONS

Escutcheons shall be provided to finished surfaces where bare or insulated piping exposed to
view passes through floors, walls, or ceilings, except in boiler, utility, or equipment rooms.
Escutcheons shall be fastened securely to pipe or pipe covering and shall be satin finish,
corrosion-resisting steel, polished chromium-plated zinc alloy, or polished chromium-plated
copper alloy. Escutcheons shall be either one piece or split-pattern, held in place by internal
spring tension or setscrew.

3.21 PAINTING

Painting of pipes, hangers, supports, and other iron work, in concealed spaces or exposed, is
specified in Section 15010, (Painting and Labeling).

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

3.22 TESTS, FLUSHING AND DISINFECTION

A. Plumbing System

The following tests shall be performed on the plumbing system in accordance with
ICC Plumbing Code.
a. Drainage and Vent Systems Tests.
b. Building Sewers Tests.
c. Water Supply Systems Tests.

B. Defective Work

If inspection or test shows defects, such defective work or material shall be replaced
or repaired as necessary and inspection and tests shall be repeated. Repairs to piping
shall be made with new material. Caulking of screwed joints or holes will not be
acceptable.

C. System Flushing

1. During Flushing

Before operational tests or disinfection, potable water piping shall be flushed.

Sufficient water shall be used to produce water velocity that is capable of
entraining and removing debris in all portions of the piping system. This
requires simultaneous operation of all fixtures on a common branch or main
in order to produce a flushing velocity of approximately 1.2 m/sec 4 fps
through all portions of the piping system. In the event that this is impossible
due to the size of the system, the Engineer (or designated representative)
shall specify the number of fixtures to be operated during flushing. Contractor
shall provide adequate personnel to monitor the flushing operation and to
ensure that drain lines are unobstructed in order to prevent flooding of the
facility. Contractor shall be responsible for any flood damage resulting from
flushing of the system. Flushing shall be continued until entrained dirt and
other foreign materials have been removed and until discharge water shows
no discoloration.

2. After Flushing

System shall be drained at low points. Strainer screens shall be removed,

cleaned, and replaced. After flushing and cleaning, system shall be prepared
for testing by immediately filling water piping with clean, fresh potable or high-
purity water as applicable to the system being flushed. Any stoppage,
discoloration, or other damage to the finish, furnishings, or parts of the
building, due to the Contractor's failure to properly clean the piping system,
shall be repaired by the Contractor. When the system flushing is complete,
the hot-water system shall be adjusted for uniform circulation. Flushing
devices and automatic control systems shall be adjusted for proper operation.
All faucets and drinking water fountains, to include any device considered as
an end point device by NSF 61, Section 9, shall be flushed a minimum of 1 L
0.25 gallons per 24 hour period, ten times over a 14 day period. Proof of
compliance shall be submitted in triplicate to the Engineer.

D. Operational Test

Upon completion of flushing and prior to disinfection procedures, the Contractor shall
subject the plumbing system to operating tests to demonstrate satisfactory functional
and operational efficiency. Such operating tests shall cover a period of not less than 8
hours for each system and shall include the following information in a report with
conclusion as to the adequacy of the system:

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DIVISION 15 – PLUMBING Plumbing and Drainage Piping Systems SECTION 15410

1. Time, date, and duration of test.

2. Water pressures at the most remote and the highest fixtures.
3. Operation of each fixture and fixture trim.
4. Operation of each valve, hydrant, and faucet.
5. Pump suction and discharge pressures.
6. Temperature of domestic hot water supply.
7. Operation of each floor and roof drain by flooding with water.
8. Operation of each vacuum breaker and backflow preventer.
9. Complete operation of each water pressure booster system, including pump
start pressure and stop pressure.

E. Disinfection

After operational tests are complete, the entire domestic hot-and-cold water
distribution system to be disinfected shall be flushed as specified, before introducing
chlorinating material. The chlorinating material shall be either liquid chlorine or
hypochlorite. Water chlorination procedure shall be in accordance with AWWA M20.
The chlorinating material shall be constantly fed into the water piping system at a
concentration of at least 50 parts per million (ppm). A properly adjusted hypochlorite
solution injected into the main with a hypochlorinator, or liquid chlorine injected into
the main through a solution-feed chlorinator and booster pump, shall be used. The
chlorine residual shall be checked at intervals to ensure that the proper level is
maintained. Chlorine application shall continue until the entire main is filled. The water
shall remain in the system for a minimum of 24 hours. Each valve in the system being
disinfected shall be opened and closed several times during the contact period to
ensure its proper disinfection. Following the 24 hour period, no less than 25 ppm
chlorine residual shall remain in the system. Water tanks shall be disinfected by the
addition of chlorine directly to the filling water. Following a 6 hour period, no less than
50 ppm chlorine residual shall remain in the tank. If after the 24 hour and 6 hour
holding periods, the residual solution contains less than 25 ppm and 50 ppm chlorine
respectively, flush the piping and tank with potable water, and repeat the above
procedures until the required residual chlorine levels are satisfied.The system,
including the tanks, shall then be flushed with clean water until the residual chlorine
level is reduced to less than 1 ppm. During the flushing period each valve and faucet
shall be opened and closed several times. Samples of water in disinfected containers
shall be obtained from several locations selected by the Engineer. The samples of
water shall be tested for total coliform organisms (coliform bacteria, fecal coliform,
streptococcal, and other bacteria) in accordance with AWWA EWW. The testing
method used shall be either the multiple-tube fermentation technique or the
membrane-filter technique. Disinfection shall be repeated until tests indicate the
absence of coliform organisms (zero-mean coliform density per 100 milliliters) in the
samples for at least 2 full days. The system will not be accepted until satisfactory
bacteriological results have been obtained.

F. Flushing of Potable Water System

As an option to the system flushing specified above, the potable water system shall be
flushed and conditioned until the residual level of lead is less than that specified by the
base industrial hygienist. The water supply to the building shall be tested separately
to ensure that any lead contamination found during potable water system testing is
due to work being performed inside the building.

END OF SECTION

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