PRONUNCiバT10N

Self-study and
classroom use
Second edition

lntermediate
Mark Hancock

CAMBRIDGE
鰤 UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents

く フ  ´
Acknow[edgements

０   ハ０
To the student
To the teacher

Section A sounds
Letters and sounds

１
０
1 Fromzerotohero Ptaying with the sounds of Eng[ish

１
２
2 Plane, plan The vowelsounds lal and lul

１
４
3 Back, pack The consonant sounds lbl and lpl

１
６
4 Rice, rise The consonant sounds lsl and lzl

１
８
5 Down town The consonant sounds ltll and ltl

２
０
6 Meet, met The vowel sounds litl and lel

２
２
7 Carrot, cabbage Unstressed vowels lal and ll

４
２
8 Few, view The consonant sounds lfl and lvl

２
６
9 Gak, Kate The consonant sounds lgl and lkl

２
８
10 ue,we,you The sounds lhl, lwl and l.il

３
０
11 Kite, kit The vowel sounds lal and ltl

３
２
12 Sheep, jeep, cheap The consonant sounds l.l'1,l,JSl and lt.l'l

３
４
13 Lent, rent The consonant sounds and lll lrl

３
６
14 car, care The vowel sounds lot(r)l and /ec(r)/

３
８
15 some, sun, sung The consonant sounds lml , lnl and lnl

４
０
16 Note, not The vowet sounds lool and lnl

４
２
17 Thick, they The consonant sounds l0/ and /61

４
４
18 snut, putl, rude The vowel sounds lr'l , lol and lu;l

４
６
19 shirts, shorts The vowe[ sounds /:r(r)/ and lx(r)l

４
８
20 Toy,town The vowe[ sounds lttl and latsl
Combining sounds
21 Dream, cream, scream Consonant groups at the beginning of words 50
22 teyt,lunch,last Consonant groups at the end of words 52
23 wins, weeks, wages Words with -s endings 54
24 Rested, played, watched Words with -ed endings 56
25 Pets enter, pet centre Consonant sounds at word boundaries 58
26 War and peace VoweI sounds at word boundaries 60

Section B Stress
Word Stress
２
６

27 Saturday September 73th I ntroducing word stress

６
４

28 Forest, forget Stress in two-syllable words

６
６

29 Second-hand bookshop Stress in compound words

６
８

30 tJnforgettable Stress in longer words 1

７
０

31 Pubtic, pubticity Stress in longer words 2

 
 

Stress patterns
７
２

32 Teafortwo I ntroducing stress patterns

７
４

33 ueaskedherhername Pronouns in stress patterns

７
６

34 fheptaceisclean The verb to be in stress patterns

７
８

35 Wnatdoyouthink? Auxitiary verbs in stress patterns

８
０

36 Some mitkandeggs Pronouncing short words (a, of, or)

﹁コ

fη gr′ sヵ Proη υ′
,ca古 ′
。η′
r,υse′ η[er″ ,ed′ ate
 Section C lntonation

８
２
37 tt cuttoREN // DRtvE sLowLY // Dividing messages into speech units

８
４
38 // uis sister // whowas clever // won Speech units and grammar

８
６
39 // Sorryto dislslbyou // lntroduction to main stress

８
８
40 // Hewittwin // Emphasising a contrasting opinion

９
０
41 // Scnwartz // Pedro Schwartz // Emphasising added detaits

９
２
42 ilwnatao.voudo? // Main stress in questions

９
４
43 tt ttnin*you're in my seat // Main stress for contrasting information

９
６
44 tt r11tyz // No // fiftssn! // Emphasising corrections

９
８
45 eead\ Bear?l Rising and falting tones

Section D Understanding pronunciation in use

Speed
46 I fnm-. //Well.,. // Thinking time 100
47 // t mean // and just kind of // Unstressed words in conversation 102
48 Scuba-diving-course Listening to connected speech 104
49 Wnite-Oread or brown-bread? Connected speech: sound changes 106
50 // ooyou actualty know // Fast and careful speech 108
Tone
51 llThe kitchen v// the garden v
// and the grounds\ // Continuing or finishing tones 110
52 // lt's about four hours n // Sure and unsure tones 112
53 tt Oo I press'enter'? V // lntonation in instructions 114
54 // t-te's quite rude\ // isn't he? \ // lntonation in opinions 116
55 // tt's. absolutely, stunning\ // Showing enthusiasm 118

Accents
56 keepers
Finders Accent variation relating to R 120
57 We had a cat Vowel sound variation in different accents 122
58 Rita'swriting a book Consonant sound variation in different accents 124
59 uetto.l'm from ... Engtish from around the world 126
60 fairtrade Pronunciation objectives: clarity or speed? 128

Section E Reference
E1 lntroduction to phonemic symbo[s 130
E2 Pronunciation test 137
E3 cuide for speakers of specific languages 143
E4 Sound pairs 146
E5 Engtish as a Lingua Franca 163
'166
EG ctossary

Answer key '168

4 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

 ■︱
From zero to hero
Playing with the sounds of Engtish
A It is common for speakers to ptay with the sounds of the [anguage. Read these sentences from
newspapers and magazines. Notice that the blue phrases contain words which sound simitar.
They contain rhymes: the finalvoweI or vowe[ + consonant sounds are the same or
simitar-sounding, e.g. sign and time.

Appearance is very important in the fashion business'

According to company director Martha Friedl,
tYou have to dress for success"

Fernando goes from zero to hero

L q「 \
after scoring a last-minute goal
in the European championr-nip.

'on this island' nOthing happenS

in a hurrY,' says Jamie,
'You iust
rr
the flowl
have to relax and go with
ｒ Ｌ一
一  ︼

Ｆ
ヨ﹁

4
ピ ー ｒ
t
■□ Ｆ

ｌ ′ ‘
ln the age of the text message, it is
perhaps a sign of the times that many

′
ieenagers can no longer write with a pen

E97-flListentothispoem.Noticethepronunciationoftheb[uewords
It's very strange, but did you know Work is not pronounced like fork.
Shoe wi[[ never rhyme with toe? Fork's [ike walk and also ta[k.
And foot witl never sound like boou Why is beard not [ike heard?
Boot's like suit and ftute and fruit. Why does bird rhyme with word?
Foot's like put and feet's like seat; This is what l've sometimes found
Creat's tike eight but not [ike eat. Spelting's often not [ike sound.

Spelting is not always a good guide to pronunciation. Listen to these groups of words from the
poem. Notice that A does not rhyme with B even though the spetting of the end of the word
is the same. B rhymes with C even though the spetting of the end of the word is different. The
phonemic symbols make this clear.

A B c
shoe /Ju:/ toe /tao/ know /nou/
foot /fot/ boot /burt/ suit /su:t/
great /gre rtl seat /si:t/ feet /fi:t/
work /ws:k/ fork ltt;kl walk /wclk/
beard /brad/ heard /hsrd/ bird /bs:d/
A Note: The rhyming words above may not rhyme in a[[ accents. For more on accent variation,
see Units 56-60.

10 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

 Exercises
1J Underline the phrases containing rhymes in these sentences from newspapers and magazines.
EXAMPLE We bring you the latest news and views from the sporting wortd.

1 F.n.y flying to the Mediterranean for a 4 'l'm a man with a plan,'Mitchelltells

weekend of fun in the sun? Democratic Party conference.

2 An extremely low tide has left many

5 Back in the 1970s, school classrooms were all chalk
boats high and dry on the beach. and talk. Nowadays, kids expect their lessons to be
entertaining.
3 ')b,, don't get to the top by doirrg
nothing,' says manager Bob Clalke, 6 Motorists have been advised to steer clear of
'Hard work is the name of' the game.'
Junction 15 during the roadworks.

1.2 1==2]Read the pOem betOW and Write the wordsfrom the boxin the gaps.Listen,check
and repeat.

do dott go goal hour magazine rude sounds slower wood

It's very strange, but did you know doesn't rhyme with /ower
1....................... 6.
........D0........ wi[[ never sound [ike ? And /our witt never sound [ike
Ocean doesn't rhyme with c/ean; G。 。d′ s tike 7. but not like food,
2
Clean's [ike green and ν
、ィ
。υld,s tike coυ rd but not like 8.
3…
..¨ …………………
… …witi never rhyme with r。 ′
ι You know that wOυ η
ds are not tike ρOυ ηds
a. e,
Ro//'s like hole and also 'Cause letters aren't the same as

1。 3 巨 亜 コ WhiCh WOrd dOeS nOt rhyme With the Others?Under‖ ne it.丁 he phonemic Wmbols
will helP you.Listen and check your answers.

E× AMPLE halr here there where /heo hlo ёeo lwco/

1 car star far war /col st o: fO: wЭ :/
2 slow cow
go know /sloo cao 9oo no(〕 /
3 nose gro、へ
′s does goes /n00z gr00z dAZ gO(〕 Z/
4.ctear near bear hear /k1lo nIЭ beЭ hlo/
5 realり earし nearり clearり /riOli 3:ll n1011 CIIЭ l1/
6 close choose lose shoes /ci00z t、 ulz lu:z ∫ u:z/ ￨・

7 above glove love move /01bAV glAV IAV nluIV/

1。 4 Find groups of rhyming words ortetter names in these pictures.There are three wods or
letter names in each group.
EXAMPLE booL ' suiL - {ruih
L_lL 」

B
N 1
lQ Q Z
翻 」
Iゝ
'2
English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate 11
 Plah€, plan
2 The vowel sounds leil and lnl
When you say the letters of the alphabet, A has the long vowel sound /erl. You hear this sound
in the word plane. But the letter A is also pronounced as the short vowel sound /r/, as in the
word plan.

wide move front of

l Listen
to the sound lerl on its own. Look at the mouth
tongue up
mouth
diagram to see how to make this long vowel sound.
Listen to the target sound /erl in the words below and compare
ヽ
ノ CIゝ
it with the words on each side.
*1get /cry

ｔ
ｍ ｌ
ｅ  ｍ  ｅ  ｙ
movc,aw up

Ｆ皿歴
meat mate ｃ
ａ Ｗ ｂ
come came ｔ

white wait
ｌ

buy bay

ヽ ‐
Listen and repeat these examples ofthe target sound. ￢
￢
⊇
「 ヒ
ptay played ptate ″ヨ ■■日 ヽ E三 コロ
grey grade great 卜 ●

aim age eight

The ptane was delayed so we waited and ptayed.
longer <=_-.-_> shorter

〔
][z]三 二
I Llsteri tc,the sc)unld/ac/.Look at the,nlouth diagrarrl to back of
see how to make thls shott vowetsound. down
wide
Listen to the target sound/a/in the words and compare it with <- open +
the、 vords on each slde. mouth

び get/ぬ/

nlud mad made

)
jaw down /グ
Ｅ ９ 
ｓ
ａ  
ｎ  

slng sung
副   ご
ｐ
︲
１   ・

pen pain
ｈ

〓
︲

hot heart

Listen and repeat these examples of the target sound

bank bag back
hand cash catch
ham has hat
longer <-----------> shorter

「ζ
Accent variation ヨ/ N[ /o1/or/a/=〉 ∪nit 57
Accent variation 回 / NZ /a/or/e/=)Unit 57 A man in a btack hat with
a bag of cash in his hand
C Spetting
frequentty
letl A― E(male),AY← り )′
EY(grり ),EI(eig肝 ),AI(旧 た),EAし real)

/a/ A(力 aF)

12 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

 Exercises
21 Write the words for these things in the correct part of the table.

words with /erl words with /a/

αよle )Pに
`年

ヽ
`

鷺
●

ｋ ︰︲
︱ ︲
，
７
1鰤 ￨

2.2 EE=亘 ]LOOk atthe blue WOrdS OrSy[tables in the dialogue.DO they contain 1/c1/or 2ノ a/?
VVrite l or 2 in the gaP after each word.Then tisten and check your answers.

Kate: What are your plans¨ み¨fOr the hOliday,.… 1… 」

ack7.… …
JaCk: ￨′ m OfftO Spain… ….Wlth」 ane.… … .

Kate: Sounds great!¨ .....How are you getting there?

ack:Train… …■o Manchester… ….and the plane… …■O Malaga.
」
And you?VVhat are you doing?
Kate: No plans… …..rm a bit shott of cash… .… actually.… …,sO I'm staylng… ……here.
Jacki Oh.in that… ….case… ……′Kate… ……,can you do me a favour?… … .

Kate: What?
ＦＥ Ｆ ﹂

Jack Can you go to my ftat....... and feed the cat....... ? ロ

'」
J
Itt just for a few days ....... .
Kate: When do you get back....... ?

Jack l'm back....... on Saturday....... .

Kate: We[[, okay....... then.

Fo1lolw‐ lup:Plaly the recording again.Pause and repeat after each iine,

2.3 1==亘 III Listen and underline the wordyou hear.If you find any of these diricult,
go to =亜
Section E4 Sound pairs forfurther practice.
1 Man or men? Did you see the man / men?
= Sound pair 1)
2 Cap or cup? Have you seen my cap / cup? + Sound pair 2)
3 Hat or heart? She put her hand on her hat / heart.
= Sound pair 3)
4 Pain or pen? l've got a pain / pen in my hand. Sound pair 4)
5 Stay or stare? Therel no reason to stay / stare.
=
+ Sound pair 5)
Foltow-up: Record yourself saying the sentences in 2,3, choosing one of the two words each
time. Make a note of which words you say. Then listen to your recording in about two weeks.
ls it c[ear which words you said?

English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate 13

 Back, pack
3 The consonant soun ds lbl and lpl
A glTTl When you say the alphabet, the letters B and P have the sounds lbi;l and lpitl
ln words, they have the consonant sounds lbl and lpl .

Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make these sounds.

lips closed
Listen to the sounds lbl and /pl. (stop air)

The mouth is in the same position for both sounds, but: ×_

〆
o in lbl there is voice from the throat, whereas in /p/ there is no
move opcn
voice from the throat
(rclcase air)
. when lpl is atthe start of a word, there is a sma[[ explosion of
air when the tips open. With /b/ this does not happen.
Ｒ﹀

Now listen to the sound /b/ on its own.

'A8
Listen to the target sound /b/ in the words below and compare it with the words on each side

6get /bt
pack back pack
caP cab caP

very berry very

covered cupboard covered

Listen and repeat these examples of the target sound

bought bike broke

rubber about able
job web tube
The boy bought a blue bike but his
new blue bike broke.
EE:=:I]Listen tc)the sound/p/orl its own.

Listen to the target sound/p/in the words below and compare it with the words on each side

,(getわ/
Ｐ Ｌ
ｙ ｐ

ｈ レ  ー   ′Ｔ
ａ   ａ

ａ   ａ   ｕ
Ｖ ′ ＩＤ   ＝ｔ

bay
ｌ  ｐ
ｌ ︲ ｕ   Ｖ■

tab
＝ ツ

full
α

coffee coffee
﹃ト

Listen and repeat these examptes ofthe target sound.

post park price
open happen spring
shop hetp jump Penny went to post a parcel and paid a
pound to park.

Et spetting
frequentty notes

/b/ B ttb)jBB(rυ bbe→ B is sometimes silent (comb).

/1〕 / P (open),PP (happen) PH is pronounced lf I (phone).

P is sometimes silent (psychology)

14 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

 Exercises
3.1 mTd Listen and read this dialogue. What are the three misunderstandings?
Comptete the table.
Met: Oh, he[to, Stef - back from the shops already? ls it stitt raining?
Stef: Yeah, it's pouring!
Met: Boring? lf you're bored, get yourself a hobbyl
Stef: No, I said pouring, with a P.
Met: Oh, I see, pouring, right. Was there anything in the post box today?
Stef: Nothing interesting, just some bills.
Me[: Oh? I wonder who put pi[[s in the post box!
Did you remember to buy a gift for Tom's birthday?
Stef; Yes. Now ljust need to wrap it.
Met: Rabbit? What do you need a rabbit for?

Stef says: Me[ hears: Follow-up: Ptay the recording again.

Pause and repeat after each [ine.
lorい g.
2
3 lt

3,2 9_Aijl Read the joke and write the letter b orp in each gap.
Listen and check your answers. Then practise saying the joke.

A baboon goes into a pet shop to buy peanuts and..h..ananas.

'Sorry,' says the sho...p..keeper, 'This is a pet shop - we onty se[[
food for.......ets.'
'OK,' says the baboon, 'l'd like to.......uy food for my pet rabbit.'
'What does your pet rabbit eat?' asks the shopkeeper.
'.......eanuts and bananas,' re.......[ies the .......aboon.

3.3 圧亜□ Listen.ln one wOrd in each gЮ up,the B or Pis not PЮ nounced.Under‖ ne the word
EXAIVIPLE double doubt Dublin
l lamb label lab
2 crab robbed ctimb
3 cuP Cupboard copy
4 Photo potato paper
5 recipe repeat receipt
6 possibly psychology special
7 Clambridge cornbine conlbing

3.4 1里 五Iョ Listen and tick(/)the sentence yOu hear,A orB.!f you find any ofthese dlfficult′
go to Section E4 SO“ ndρ a′ 燿5 for further practice.

A B
l There'S a bearin that tree. There′ S a pearin that tree. (⇒ Sound Pair 28)
2 He had the beach to himsetf. He had the peach tO himsetf.(⇒ sOund Pair 28)
3 They burned it. They'Ve earned it. (⇒ Sound Pair 29)
4 Say`bOiL SaVe 01. (⇒ Sound pair 29)
5 This is a nicer pear. 丁his is a nice affar (⇒ sOund Pair 30)
6 WOuld yOu like a COw? WOuld yOu lk a COffee? (⇒ Sound Pair 30)

Follow-up: Record yourself saying the sentences in 3.4, choosing sentence A or B. Make a note
of which sentence you say. Then listen to your recording in about two weeks. ls it clear which
sentencesyou said?

English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate 15