“A truck and a skate moving down

the hill at same speed”

 Momentum

Momentum is…
➢the product of mass and velocity
➢p=mv
(where: m-mass (kg) ; v-velocity (m/s))
➢it can also be referred to as “inertia in
motion”
➢a vector quantity
Can a light motorcycle have the
same momentum as a heavy truck?
 Momentum
Momentum
TRY THIS!
A stationary car has a mass of 2500 kg.
What is its momentum?

The car is stationary, so it’s

velocity is zero
𝑝=0
 Momentum
TRY THIS!
A marble is rolling at a velocity of 1.5 m/s
with a momentum of 0.10 kg m/s. What is its
mass?

𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣
𝑝
𝑚=
𝑣
0.10 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠
𝑚=
1.5 𝑚/𝑠
𝑚 = 0.07 𝑘𝑔
Evaluation:
1) A 0.15 kg ball is moving with a velocity of 35 m/s. Find
the momentum of the ball.

2) If a ball with mass 5.00 kg has a momentum of 5.25 kg⋅m/s,

what is its velocity?

3) A 75.0 g ball is rolling at speed of 25.0 m/s. Calculate the

ball’s momentum.
Evaluation:
4) Which has a greater momentum, a 10,000 kg semi truck
moving at 4 m/s or 4,000 kg car moving at 20 m/s?

5) If you double the velocity of an object, then its momentum

will

6) True or False: The momentum doesn't change unless

outside forces act on the objects
 Impulse
Impulse is…

➢ the product of force and time J = Ft

➢ (where: J-impulse (Ns) ; F-force (N) ; t-time (s))

➢ Impulse = change in momentum (J=∆ 𝒑)

➢ a vector quantity
 The formula for Impulse

Impulse (J) is directly proportional to force (F) and

time (t).
Therefore, any change in the amount of force (F) or
the time (t) associated with the motion will result
to a change in its impulse (J).
 Impulse
SAMPLE PROBLEM
If the football halfback experienced a force of
800 N for 0.9 seconds to the north, determine
the impulse.

𝐽 = 𝐹𝑡
𝐽 = 800 𝑁 0.9𝑠
𝐽 = 720 𝑁𝑠
 Impulse
TRY THIS!
A 0.10 kg model rocket’s engine is designed to
deliver an impulse of 6.0 Ns. If the rocket
engine burns for 0.75 s, what is the average
force does the engine produce?

𝐽 = 𝐹𝑡
(6 𝑁𝑠)
𝐹=
(0.75𝑠)
𝐹 =8𝑁
Evaluation:
1) A football player kicks a ball with a force of 50N. Find the
impulse on the ball if his foot stays in contact with the
football for 0.01s.

2) Aunt Mary needs to hang a picture in her bedroom. She uses a

hammer to drive the nail into the wall. Find the force exerted by the
hammer on the nail if the hammer stays in contact with the nail for
0.5s and has an impulse of 25Ns.
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
Ft = mv
IMPULSE CHANGE IN MOMENTUM

This theorem reveals some

interesting relationships
such as the INVERSE
relationship between
FORCE and TIME

mv
F=
t
 Impulse and Collision

The size of force controls

how much damage there is.

Momentum is conserved in
a collision, so impulse is
constant.

To reduce the force, the time over

F Δt = Δ(mv) which the collision takes place should
be increased.
 Impulse and Collision

*same speed, therefore same

momentum fT
mv

mv Ft

To reduce the force impact, increase the impact time

 Impulse and Collision: Application

In a car crash, force and therefore damage is reduced by increasing

the amount of time over which a collision occurs.

Seatbelt Front hood

Momentum-Impulse Theorem
SAMPLE PROBLEM
An object is moving with a velocity of 4.45 m/s,
and it speeds up to a velocity of 12.99 m/s in 11.69
s. If its mass is 8.26 kg, what force acted upon it?
Evaluation:

1) What is the change in velocity for an object

with a mass of 4.55 kg that experiences a force
of 5.12 N over a time period of 14.94 s?

2) An object is moving along with a velocity of 15.46

m/s. What is its final velocity if it has a mass of 3.16
kg and experiences a force of 5.85 N over a time
period of 13.05 s? *39.619 m/s
 Evaluation:

3) What is the mass of an object if it experiences a

force of 5.39 N over a time period of 6.08 s while it
changes velocity by 10.51 m/s?

4) What is the impulse of a 100 kg object if it starts

moving at 10 m/s and accelerates to 20 m/s?
Evaluation:

6) A 6.00 N force acts on a 1.50 kg mass for 5.00

seconds.

a) Find the impulse which acted upon the mass.

b) What change in momentum is produced?
c) Calculate the final velocity of the object, if it was
initially at rest.
Evaluation:

7) A man shoots a paintball at an old can on a

fencepost. The paintball pellet has a mass of
0.200 g, and the can has a mass of 15.0 g. The
paintball hits the can at a velocity of 90.0 m/s. If the
full mass of the paintball sticks to the can and knocks
it off the post, what is the final velocity of the
combined paintball and can?
 Collisions

A collision is an event where momentum or kinetic

energy is transferred from one object to another.
 TYPES OF COLLISION

1. Elastic- a collision in which there is no net loss

in kinetic energy in the system as a result of
the collision. Both momentum and kinetic
energy are conserved.

The 2 objects separate after the collision.

m1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m1 v 1 ’ + m2 v 2 ’
 TYPES OF COLLISION

2. Inelastic- a collision in which there is a loss of

kinetic energy. While momentum of the system
is conserved in an inelastic collision, kinetic
energy is not.

Objects don’t stick but will have deformation

m1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m1 v 1 ’ + m2 v 2 ’
 TYPES OF COLLISION
Perfectly Inelastic
➢ Perfectly Inelastic- A perfectly inelastic
collision occurs when the maximum amount
of kinetic energy of a system is lost.

Two objects stick after the collision

m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2) v’

 Collisions

ELASTIC COLLISION INELASTIC COLLISION

Conserved Kinetic Energy and Conserved Momentum, Not
Momentum conserved Kinetic Energy

Two objects will not stick

p before
=  p after
m1v1 + m2 v2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
Two objects will not stick but will have deformation

p bef ore
=  p af ter
m1v1 + m2 v2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
Collisions

PERFECTLY INELASTIC
COLLISION
Conserved Momentum, Not
conserve KE
v = 10 v=0
M M p before
=  p after
m1v01 + m2 v02 = (m1 + m2 )(v)
Before collision
v’ = 5

M M

After collision
Two object will stick
Sample Problem #1
Two cars of equal mass, 800 kg collide. Before the
collision, car B is at rest while car A is travelling at 15 m/s.
After the collision, the two cars are stuck together. What
is the velocity of the cars after the collision?
P = P’
mv = mv’
m v + m v = (m + m ) v’
1 1 2 2 1 2

(800 kg)(15 m/s) + (800 kg)(0 m/s) = (800 kg + 800 kg) v’

v’= 7.5 m/s

Sample Problem #2
A steal ball with a mass of 2kg is travelling 3 m/s
west. It collides with a stationary ball that has a
mass of 1kg. Upon collision, the smaller ball
moves to the west at 4m/s. What is the velocity of
the larger ball?

m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 ’ + m2v2 ’

 Evaluation

Try this! #1
Two cars of equal mass, 750 kg collide. Before the
collision, car B is at rest while car A is travelling at 20 m/s.
After the collision, the two cars are stuck together. What
is the velocity of the cars after the collision?
 Evaluation

TRY THIS! #2
A steal ball with a mass of 5kg is travelling 2 m/s east.
It collides with a stationary ball that has a mass of
2kg. Upon collision, the smaller ball moves to the east
at 4m/s. What is the velocity of the larger ball?
 Evaluation

TRY THIS! #3
Two toy-passenger cars are moving towards each
other and they collide and stick together. What is the
momentum after the collision?
A B
m = 2 kg m = 4 kg
v =7 m/s v = -3 m/s
P= 14 kg m/s P= -12 kg m/s
“
 Law of Conservation of
Momentum
Momentum
In a closed system, the total momentum
BEFORE an event is EQUAL to the
momentum AFTER an event.

PB = PA
m v =m v
A A B B
 Law of Conservation of
Momentum
• Conservation of momentum is a crucial
piece to understanding and predicting
motion.

• Since we know the total momentum in

the beginning of a collision, we know the
total momentum after the collision.

• We can use this understanding to help

us predict the results of any collision.
Sample Problem #1
Two cars of equal mass, 800 kg collide. Before the
collision, car B is at rest while car A is travelling at 15 m/s.
After the collision, the two cars are stuck together. What
is the velocity of the cars after the collision?
P = P’
mv = mv’
m v + m v = (m + m ) v’
1 1 2 2 1 2

(800 kg)(15 m/s) + (800 kg)(0 m/s) = (800 kg + 800 kg) v’

v= 7.5 m/s
Sample Problem #2
A steal ball with a mass of 2kg is travelling 3 m/s
west. It collides with a stationary ball that has a
mass of 1kg. Upon collision, the smaller ball
moves to the west at 4m/s. What is the velocity of
the larger ball?

m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 ’ + m2v2 ’

 Evaluation

Try this! #1
Two cars of equal mass, 750 kg collide. Before the
collision, car B is at rest while car A is travelling at 20 m/s.
After the collision, the two cars are stuck together. What
is the velocity of the cars after the collision?
 Evaluation

TRY THIS! #2
A steal ball with a mass of 2kg is travelling 3 m/s west.
It collides with a stationary ball that has a mass of
1kg. Upon collision, the smaller ball moves to the west
at 4m/s. What is the velocity of the larger ball?
 Evaluation

TRY THIS! #3
Two toy-passenger cars are moving towards each
other and they collide and stick together. What is the
momentum after the collision?
A B
m = 2 kg m = 4 kg
v =7 m/s v = -3 m/s
P= 14 kg m/s P= -12 kg m/s