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3.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Sum and Product of The Zeros of Polynomials

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161 views4 pages

3.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Sum and Product of The Zeros of Polynomials

Uploaded by

Aryan Waghdhare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Additional exercise

3.4 The fundamental theorem of


algebra, sum and product of the
zeros of polynomials
1 Find a polynomial of the smallest degree with integer coefficients whose zeros are:

a 0, 1 and -4

1
b 1,  ,1 and 3
3

c 1, 2 and 3 2

2 Factorise these polynomials:

a x3  4 x2  7 x  10

b 2 x 4  3x3  3x 2  5 x  3

3 In each case, k is a zero with multiplicity n of the polynomial f. Factorise f fully.

a k  1, n  2, f ( x)  2 x3  x2  8x  5

1
b k  , n  3, f ( x)  8 x 4  12 x3  30 x 2  17 x  3
2
4 In each case, f is a polynomial with complex zero z. Find the remaining zeros:

a f ( x)  x3  2 x2  9 x  18, z  3i

b f ( x)  4 x4  8x3  19 x2  2 x  5, z  1  2i

5 Given that z is a zero of the polynomial f, find the missing real coefficients. Hence find all the
remaining zeros.

a z  2, f ( x)  x3  ax2  x  2

b z  1  2i, f ( x)  x4  5x2  ax  b

6 Find the sum and product of the zeros of these polynomials:

a f ( x)  3 x 5  2 x 4  7 x 3  2 x 2  x  9

b f ( x)  4 x8  5x7  3x6  2 x5  9 x 4  7 x  6

© Oxford University Press 2019 Additional exercise 1


Additional exercise

7 The quartic equation 4 x 4  2 x 3  3x 2  5 x  3  0 has roots x1 , x2 , x3 and x4 . Find the value of

1 1 1 1
   .
x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x4 x1 x3 x4 x2 x3 x4

© Oxford University Press 2019 2


Additional exercise

Answers

1 a x  x  1 x  4   x3  3x 2  4 x

 x  1 3x  1 x  1 x  3


  x  1 3x  1  x 2  4 x  3
  x  1  3x3  11x 2  4 x  3
 3x 4  8 x3  6 x 2  8 x  3
c

 x  1 x  2   x3  2 

 x 2  x  2 x3  2  
 x5  x 4  2 x3  2 x 2  2 x  4
2 a

 x  1  x 2  3x  10 
  x  1 x  5  x  2 

 x  1  2 x3  5x 2  8x  3
  x  1 2 x  1  x 2  2 x  3

3 a

 x  2 x  1  2 x  5
2

  x  1  2 x  5 
2
2

8 x 3

 12 x 2  6 x  1  x  3

  2 x  1  x  3
3

4 a z  3i is also a zero  x2  9 is a factor


 f ( x)  x 2  9  x  2  
So other zeros are 2 and 3i.

© Oxford University Press 2019 3


Additional exercise

b z  1  2i is also a zero  x2  2 x  5 is a factor

 
 f ( x)  x 2  2 x  5 4 x 2  1 
1
So other zeros are 1  2i,  .
2
5 a

8  4a  2  2  0  a  1

 f ( x)   x  2  x 2  x  1 
So no other zeros since <0.

b 1  i is also a zero

 x2  2 x  2 is a factor

So by equating coefficients

 
f ( x)  x 2  2 x  2 x 2  2 x  1 
So a  6, b  2

So remaining zeros are 1  i,1  3.

2 9
6 a Sum =  , product =  3.
3 3

5 6 3
b Sum = , product =  .
4 4 2
7

1 1 1 1
  
x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x4 x1 x3 x4 x2 x3 x4
x1  x2  x3  x4

x1 x2 x3 x4
2

 4
3

4
2
 .
3

© Oxford University Press 2019 4

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