MATHEMATICS

MICRO-XI

TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS

CONTENTS
KEY CONCEPT Page –2
Proficiency Test-01 to 03 Page –3
EXERCISE–I Page –4
EXERCISE–II Page –6

EXERCISE–III Page –8
EXERCISE–IV Page –8

ANSWER KEY Page–10

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 KEY CONCEPTS
(TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS & INEQUATIONS)

THINGS TO REMEMBER :
  
1. If sin  = sin    = n  + (1)n  where    ,  , n  I .
 2 2
2. If cos  = cos    = 2 n  ±  where   [0 , ] , n  I .

3. If tan  = tan    = n  +  where   

   , n  I .
, 
 2 2
4. If sin²  = sin²    = n  ± .
5. cos²  = cos²    = n  ± .
6. tan²  = tan²    = n  ± . [ Note :  is called the principal angle ]
7. TYPES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS :
(a) Solutions of equations by factorising . Consider the equation ;
(2 sin x  cos x) (1 + cos x) = sin² x ; cotx – cosx = 1 – cotx cosx
(b) Solutions of equations reducible to quadratic equations. Consider the equation :
3 cos² x  10 cos x + 3 = 0 and 2 sin2x + 3 sinx + 1 = 0
(c) Solving equations by introducing an Auxilliary argument . Consider the equation :
sin x + cos x = 2 ; 3 cos x + sin x = 2 ; secx – 1 = ( 2 – 1) tanx
(d) Solving equations by Transforming a sum of Trigonometric functions into a product.
Consider the example : cos 3 x + sin 2 x  sin 4 x = 0 ;
sin2x + sin22x + sin23x + sin24x = 2 ; sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x
(e) Solving equations by transforming a product of trigonometric functions into a sum.
Consider the equation :
sin 6 x
sin 5 x . cos 3 x = sin 6 x .cos 2 x ; 8 cosx cos2x cos4x = ; sin3 = 4sin sin2 sin4
sin x
(f) Solving equations by a change of variable :
(i) Equations of the form of a . sin x + b . cos x + d = 0 , where a , b & d are real
numbers & a , b  0 can be solved by changing sin x & cos x into their corresponding
tangent of half the angle. Consider the equation 3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5.
(ii) Many equations can be solved by introducing a new variable . eg. the equation
sin4 2 x + cos4 2 x = sin 2 x . cos 2 x changes to
 1
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

2 (y + 1)  y   = 0 by substituting , sin 2 x . cos 2 x = y..

 2
(g) Solving equations with the use of the Boundness of the functions sin x & cos x or by
making two perfect squares. Consider the equations :
 x   x 
sin x  cos  2 sin x +  1 sin  2cos x  . cos x = 0 ;
 4   4 
4 11
sin2x + 2tan2x + tanx – sinx + =0
3 12
8. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES : There is no general rule to solve a Trigonometric inequations and the
same rules of algebra are valid except the domain and range of trigonometric functions should be kept in
mind.

 x  1
Consider the examples : log 2  sin  < – 1 ; sin x  cos x   < 0 ; 5  2 sin 2x  6 sin x  1
 2  2
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 PROFICIENCY TEST-01
Solve the following equations :
1
1. sin x = 2. 2 cos2 7x – cos 7x = 0
2
3. 2 sin x + tan x = 0 4. (2 sin x – cos x) (1 + cos x) = sin2 x
5. 1 + sin x cos 2x = sin x + cos 2x. 6. sin 3x + sin x = sin 2x.

7. sin4x = 1 – cos4 x. 8. 3 sinx – tan x + tan x sin x – 3 = 0.

9. cos 2x + 3 sin x = 2. 10. cos x + sec x = 2.

11. sin x sin 7x = sin 3x sin 5x.

PROFICIENCY TEST-02

1  
1. tan3x – 1 + 2 – 3 cot   x  = 3. 2. 1 – sin 2x = cos x – sin x.
cos x 2 
3. cos 2x – cos 8x + cos 6x = 1. 4. sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + sin 4x = 0.


tan  tan x
4
5. sin x + cos x = 2 sin 5x. 6. tan x + = 2.

1  tan tan x
4

7. 1 + 2 cos 3x cos x – cos 2x = 0. 8. 2 cos2 x – 1 = sin 3x.

9. cos 3x tan 5x = sin 7x. 10. sin4x + cos4x = sin x cos x.
11. sin2x + sin2 2x – sin2 3x – sin2 4x = 0.

PROFICIENCY TEST-03
3
1. sin2 x + sin2 2x + sin2 3x = . 2. sin2 x (1 + tan x) = 3 sin x (cos x – sin x) + 3.
2
3. (1 + cos 4x) sin 2x = cos2 2x. 4. sin 2x = cos 2x – sin2 x + 1.
5. (cos 2x – 1) cot2x = – 3 sin x. 6. cos 3x – cos 2x = sin 3x.
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

7. sec x + cosec x = 2 2 . 8. cos2x – 2 cos x = 4 sin x – sin 2x.

9. cos 9x – 2cos 6x = 2. 10. 4 sin 3x + 3 = 2 sin 3 x  2 .

1  sin x  cos x  sin 2x  cos 2x

11. = 0.
tan 2x

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 EXERCISE–I
1. Solve the equality: 2 sin 11x + cos 3x + 3 sin 3x = 0

2. Find all value of , between 0 & , which satisfy the equation; cos . cos 2 . cos 3  = 1/4.

3. Solve for x , the equation 13  18 tanx = 6 tan x – 3, where – 2 < x < 2.

4. Determine the smallest positive value of x which satisfy the equation, 1  sin 2 x  2 cos 3 x  0 .
1 
 log 3 (cos x sin x ) 
2  log 2 (cos x sin x )
5. Find the general solution of the trigonometric equation 3 2  2.

6. Find the solution set of the equation, log x 2 6x (sin 3x + sin x) = log x 2  6x (sin 2x).
10 10

7. Find the value of , which satisfy 3  2 cos 4 sin cos 2+ sin 2 = 0.

8. Find the general values of  for which the quadratic function

cos   sin 
(sin) x2 + (2cos)x + is the square of a linear function.
2

9. Let f (x) = sin6x + cos6x + k(sin4x + cos4x) for some real number k. Determine
(a) all real numbers k for which f (x) is constant for all values of x.
(b) all real numbers k for which there exists a real number 'c' such that f (c) = 0.
(c) If k = – 0.7, determine all solutions to the equation f (x) = 0.

10. If  and  are the roots of the equation, a cos + b sin = c then match the entries of column-I with the
entries of Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
2b
(A) sin + sin  (P)
a c
ca
(B) sin . sin  (Q)
c a
  2bc
(C) tan + tan (R)
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

2 2 a b2
2

  c 2 a 2
(D) tan . tan = (S)
2 2 a 2 b 2
11. Solve the inequality sin2x > 2 sin2x + (2 – 2 )cos2x.
12. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation, sin4 x + cos4 x + sin 2x + a = 0 possesses solutions.
Also find the general solution for these values of 'a'.
3 2
13. sin4x + cos4x  2 sin2 x + sin 2x = 0.
4
14. Solve: tan2x . tan23x . tan 4x = tan2x  tan23x + tan 4x.

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 15. Find the set of values of x satisfying the equality

   3  2 cos 7 x
sin  x   – cos  x   = 1 and the inequality  2cos 2 x .
 4  4  cos 3  sin 3

 x  x
16. Solve: sin    cos    2 sin x .
 2   2 

17. Let S be the set of all those solutions of the equation,

(1 + k)cos x cos (2x ) = (1 + k cos 2x) cos(x ) which are independent of k & . Let H be the set of
all such solutions which are dependent on k & . Find the condition on k &  such that H is a non-empty set,
state S. If a subset of H is (0, ) in which k = 0, then find all the permissible values of .

x cos 3 y  3x cos y sin 2 y  14

18. Solve for x & y,
x sin 3 y  3x cos 2 y sin y  13

19. Find all values of 'a' for which every root of the equation, a cos 2x + a cos 4x + cos 6x = 1
1
is also a root of the equation, sin x cos 2 x = sin 2x cos 3x  sin 5x , and conversely, every root of
2
the second equation is also a root of the first equation.

20. Solve the equations for 'x' given in column-I and match with the entries of column-II.
Column-I Column-II

(A) cos 3x . cos3 x + sin 3x . sin3 x = 0 (P) n±
3

(B) sin 3 = 4 sin  sin(x + ) sin(x  ) (Q) n + , nI
4
where  is a constant  n.
n 
(C) | 2 tan x – 1 | + | 2 cot x – 1 | = 2. (R)  , nI
4 8
29 n 
(D) sin10x + cos10x = cos42x. (S) ±
16 2 4

tan( x – )  tan x  tan( x  )

21. Find the value(s) of  in [0, 2] for which the expression y 
tan( x – ) tan x tan( x  )
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

is independent of x.

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 EXERCISE–II
1. The value of satisfying : 3cos2  – 2 3 sin cos – 3 sin2 = 0 are :
2   
(A) n– , n+ (B) n– , n+
3 6 3 6
   
(C) 2n– , n  (D) 2n+ , n 
3 6 3 6

2. The general solution of the equation tan2. tan= 1 for n I is, is equal to :
   
(A) (2n + 1) (B) n ± (C) (2n + 1) (D) (2n + 1)
4 6 2 3

3. The number of distinct solutions of sin5 . cos3. cos7= 0 in [0, /2] is :

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) 8

4. The number of solutions of the equation log2(sin x + cos x) – log2(sin x) + 1 = 0 in x  [0, 2] is
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

2x 2x
5. Total number of solution of 16 cos  16 sin  10 in x  [0, 3] is equal to :
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 16

6. The set of values of x for which sin x . cos3 x > cos x . sin3 x, 0  x  2is NOT satisfied is :
       3   3 7 
(A)  0,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
4 4 2 2 4  2 4
7. Find the general solution of x, cos22x + cos2 3x = 1
k  
(A)  ,kI (B) (k + 1) ;kI
5 10 10
k 
(C)  ,kI (D) Both (A) and (C)
5 10

8. If tan + tan 4+ tan 7= tan tan 4tan 7then number of solutions in [0, ]
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13
9. The roots of the equation, cot x – cos x = 1 – cot x cos x are (where n I)
   
(A) n+ (B) 2n+ (C) n+ or n (D) (4n + 1) or (2n + 1)
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

4 4 4 4


10. Number of solutions of the equation sin 7= sin + sin 3in 0 < < is equal to
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

11. Statement-1: The equation sin(cos x) = cos(sin x) has no real solution.

Statement-2: sin x ± cos x is bounded in   2, 2 

(A) Statemetn-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
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 12. Consider the system of equations sin x cos 2y = (a2 – 1)2 + 1 and cos x sin 2y = a + 1.
Which of the following ordered pairs (x, y) of real numbers does not satisfy the given system of equations for
permissible real values of a ?

      3   3     3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

 
13. Sum of all the solutions in [0, 4] of the equation tan x + cot x + 1 = cos  x   is kthen the value of k is
 4

(A) 3.5 (B) 2.5 (C) 2 (D) 2.25

14. If the quadratic equation x2 + (2 – tan ) x – (1 + tan ) = 0 has two integral roots, then sum of all possible
values of in interval (0, 2) is k. Find the value of k.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

15. Find the number of solutions of the equation 2 cos 3x (3 – 4 sin2x) = 1 in [0, 2].
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

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 EXERCISE–III
1. Solve the following system of equations for x and y [REE 2001 (Mains), 3]
2 2
(cos ec x  3 sec y) = 1 and 2 (2 cos ecx  3 |sec y|) = 64.
5

2. The number of solutions of tanx + secx = 2cosx in [0, 2) is : [JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D) 1
3. The number of integral values of k for which the equation 7cosx + 5sinx = 2k + 1 has a solution is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]

4. cos( – ) = 1 and cos( + ) = 1/e, where ,   [–, ], numbers of pairs of ,  which satisfy both the
equations is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 [JEE 2005 (Screening)]
5. The number of values of x in the interval [0, 3] satisfying the equation [JEE 2006 (Screening)]
2sin2x + 5sinx – 3 = 0 is
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 1 (D) 2
6. If 0  x < 2, then the number of real values of x, which satisfy the equation
cosx + cos2x + cos3x + cos4x = 0, is : [JEE Main 2016]
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9

EXERCISE–IV
1. Find the general values of x and y satisfying the equations
5 sinx cosy = 1 , 4 tanx = tany [REE ’98, 6]
2. Find real values of x for which, 27cos 2x . 81sin 2x is minimum . Also find this minimum value.
[REE 2000, 3]

3. If 0 <  < 2, then the intervals of values of  for which 2sin2 – 5sin + 2 > 0, is [JEE 2006, 3]

    5    5       5   41 
(A)  0,    , 2  (B)  ,  (C)  0,  ,  (D)  , 
 6  6  8 6   8 6 6   48 
4. The number of solutions of the pair of equations
2 sin2 – cos2 = 0
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

2 cos2 – 3 sin  = 0
in the interval [0, 2] is
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) four [JEE 2007, 3]

5. The number of all possible values of , where 0 < < , for which the system of equations

2 cos 3 2 sin 3
(y + z) cos 3= (xyz) sin 3 x sin 3= 
y z

(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3+ y sin 3

have a solution (x0, y0, z0) with y0z0  0, is [JEE 2010]

   n
6. The number of values of  in the interval   ,  such that  for n = 0, ±1, ±2 and tan= cot 5as well
 2 2 5
as sin 2= cos 4is [JEE 2010]

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 7. Let P = { : sin – cos = 2 cos } and Q = {: sin + cos = 2 sin } be two sets. Then
(A) P  Q and Q – P  Q (B) Q  P [JEE 2011]
(C) P  Q (D) P = Q

  
8. Let , [0, 2] be such that 2 cos (1 – sin) = sin2  tan  cot  cos  – 1, [JEE 2012]
 2 2

3
tan (2 – ) > 0 and –1 < sin < – . Then cannot satisfy
2

  4
(A) 0    (B) 
2 2 3

4 3 3
(C)  (D)    2
3 2 2

9. For x  (0, ), the equation sinx + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 has : [JEE Advanced 2014]
(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions
(C) one solution (D) no solution
5
10. The number of distinct solutions of the equation cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x + sin6 x = 2 in the
4
interval [0, 2] is [JEE Advanced 2015]

 
11. Let S = x  (– , ) : x  0,   . The sum of all distinct solutions of the equation 3 secx + cosecx +
 2
2(tanx – cotx) = 0 in the set S is equal to [JEE Advanced 2016]

7 2 5
(A) – (B) – (C) 0 (D)
9 9 9

12. Let f : [0, 2]  R be the function defined by [JEE Advanced 2020]

   
f(x) = (3 – sin(2x)) sin  x  4   sin  3x  4  .
   
If ,   [0, 2] are such that {x  [0, 2] : f(x)  0} = [,], then the value of  –  is ____________
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

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 ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
 (8n  1) (2k  1)
1. x = (–1)n + n (n  Z). 2. , (n, k  Z)
6 28 14

2( 3k  1) (6k  (1)k )

3. n, (n, k  Z) 4.  + 2n, (n, k  Z)
3 6
( 4n  1) n (6k  1)
5. , k, (n, k  Z) 6. , (n, k  Z)
2 2 3
( 4k  1) (3k  1)
7. n/2, (n  N) 8. , (n, k  Z)
2 3

( 4n  1) (6k  (1)k )
9. , (n, k  Z) 10. 2n (n  Z)
2 6
n
11. (n  Z)
4
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
( 4n  1) (3k  1) ( 4m  1) ( 4k  1)
1. , (n, k  Z) 2. 2n, , (n, m, k  Z)
4 3 2 4
n (2k  1) 2n (2k  1)
3. , (n, k  Z) 4. , (2m + 1) (n, k, m  Z)
3 8 5 2

(8n  3) ( 8k  1) (6n  ( 1)n )

5. , (n, k  Z) 6. arctan (2 ± 3 ) + n  (n  Z)
24 16 12
(2n  1) ( 4k  1)
7. (n  Z) 8. (k  Z)
4 10
(2k  1) ( 4n  1)
9. n, (n, k  Z) 10. (n  Z)
20 4
n (2k  1)
11. , (n, k  Z )
5 2
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
(2n  1) (3k  1) (4k  1) (3n  1)
1. , (n, k  Z) 2. , (n, k  Z)
8 3 4 3
(2n  1) (6k  ( 1)k )
3. , 4. n + arctan(–1 ± 3 ) (n  Z)
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

4 12
 2
(6n  ( 1)n ) ( 4n  1) ( 4k  1) (4  1) 
 
5. (n  Z) 6. , 2m, , + (–1) arcsin  4  (n, m, k,   Z)
6 4 2 4  

(8k  1) (8n  3)
7. , (n, k  Z) 8. n – arctan (1/2) (n  Z)
4 12
(2n  1) 2(3k  1) (6n  ( 1)n )
9. , (n, k  Z) 10. (n  Z).
6 9 18
2(3n  1)
11. (n  Z).
3

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 EXERCISE–I
n  n 7    3 5 2 7
Q.1 x=  or x =  ,nI Q.2 , , , , ,
7 84 4 48 8 3 8 8 3 8
2
Q.3   2  ;    ,  ,  +  , where tan  = Q.4 x = /16
3
 5
Q.5 x = 2n + ,nI Q.6 x=
12 3
 
Q.7 = 2 n  or 2 n  + ; nI Q.8 2n  or (2n+1) – tan–12 , n I
2 4
3  1 n 
Q.9 (a) – ; (b) k    1,   ; (c) x = ± Q.10 (A) R; (B) S; (C) P; (D) Q
2  2 2 6
  1  3 1
Q.11 n 
8
< x < n 
4
Q.12
2   
n   ( 1) n sin 1 1  2 a  3 where n  I and a   2 ,
 2 
1
Q.13 n ±
2

cos1 2  5  Q.14 (2 n  1)  k  , where n , k  I
4
2 2
3    4m  
Q.15 x = 2n + , n I Q.16 x=  4 n    or x =    where m, n  W..
4  2  3 2
Q.17 (i) k sin  1 (ii) S = n  , n  I (iii)  ( m , 2  m ) m  I
1
Q.18 x = ± 5 5 & y = n + tan1 Q.19 a = 0 or a <  1
2
 2 4 5
Q.20 (A) S; (B) P; (C) Q; (D) R Q.21  , , ,
3 3 3 3

EXERCISE–II

Q.1 B Q.2 B Q.3 D Q.4 C Q.5 C Q.6 B Q.7 D

Q.8 C Q.9 A Q.10 C Q.11 A Q.12 B Q.13 A Q.14 D
Q.15 C

EXERCISE–III
 
1. x = n + (–1)n and y = m + where m & n are integers.
6 6
Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 D Q.5 A Q.6 C

EXERCISE–IV
 3
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS_XI

      
Q.1 y = (n  m)  (1) n  (1) m ; x = (m  n)  (1) n  ( 1) m where  = sin–1  5  , m, nI
2 4 2 2 4 2
 1 1 3  1 1 3
Q.2 Min. value = 3 5 for x = (4n – 1) – tan , nI; max. value =35 for x=(4n + 1) – tan , nI
4 2 4 4 2 4
Q.3 A Q.4 C Q.5 3 Q.6 3 Q.7 D Q.8 A, C, D
Q.9 D Q.10 8 Q.11 C Q.12 1.00

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