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Lesson 1 Conic Sections

Conic sections are curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double right circular cone. There are four types of conic sections: circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Each conic section has certain features like foci and directrices. Circles have no eccentricity while parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas have increasing eccentricity. Conic sections can be identified by their general equation and discriminant. Examples are provided to demonstrate identifying different conic sections based on their coefficients.

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Jojo Ocampo
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318 views7 pages

Lesson 1 Conic Sections

Conic sections are curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double right circular cone. There are four types of conic sections: circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. Each conic section has certain features like foci and directrices. Circles have no eccentricity while parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas have increasing eccentricity. Conic sections can be identified by their general equation and discriminant. Examples are provided to demonstrate identifying different conic sections based on their coefficients.

Uploaded by

Jojo Ocampo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1: CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTION

 a curve obtained when a double right circular cone is cut by a plane at various angles
CIRCLE
when the plane is horizontal

ELLIPSE
when the tilted plane intersects only one cone to form
a bounded curve

PARABOLA
when the plane intersects only one cone to form an
unbounded curve

HYPERBOLA
when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects
both cones to form two unbounded curves (each
called a branch of the hyperbola)
Degenerate cases

Conic sections

Degenerate cases

Conic sections

FOCUS AND DIRECTRIX

Every conic section has certain features, including at least one focus and directrix.

 focus – a point about which the conic section is constructed


 directrix – a line used to construct and define a conic section

Parabolas have one focus and directrix, while ellipses and hyperbolas have two of each.
ECCENTRICITY

Circle Parabola Ellipse Hyperbola


Eccentricity – a measure of how much a conic
section deviate from being a circle

e=0 e=1 0<e<1 e>1

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/eccentricity.html#:~:text=Eccentricity%3A%20how%20much%2
0a%20conic,Bigger%20eccentricities%20are%20less%20curved.

IDENTIFYING CONIC SECTIONS

Circle Parabola Ellipse Hyperbola


General Equation

Discriminant
A=C =0 <0 >0
B=0
Regular Conic Sections

A=C A = 0 or A and C A and C have


C=0 have the opposite
if B = 0 same signs
(each axis of the conic is horizontal or vertical) sign but
are not
equal
Examples:

Regular conic sections Rotated conic sections


B=0 B≠0

EXAMPLES: Identify the type of conic section.

Example 1:

It is a regular conic section (B = 0).

A=4

C=1

The conic section is an ellipse.


Example 2:

It is a regular conic section (B = 0).

A = 16

C = -9

The conic section is a hyperbola.

Example 3:

It is a regular conic section (B = 0).

A=1

C=1

The conic section is a circle.

Example 4:

It is not a regular conic section ( ).

A=2

B=4

C=4

Use the discriminant:

( )( )

-16 < 0

Therefore, the conic section is an ellipse.


Example 5:

It is a regular conic section (B = 0).

A=1

C=0

The conic section is a parabola.

Prepared by:
Mr. Jojo A. Ocampo
Pre-Calculus Teacher

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