LEARNING ACTIVITY #1

Name: Score
Program / Course: Class Schedule:
Year & Section: Contact No. / FB Account:
Residential Address:

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:___________________
Activity Title : Definition of Guidance and Counseling
Learning Target : Differentiate Guidance and Counseling and highlight its similarities.
References (Author, Title, Pages) : Tulio, Doris D. (2008). A breakthrough in School: Guidance & Counseling. National Book Store,
Mandaluyong City.
: Mendoza, Elenita D. (2003). Guidance and Counseling Today. Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila

Guidance Counseling
Meaning Guidance refers to an advice or a Counseling refers to a professional advice given
relevant piece of information provided by a counselor to an individual to help him in
by a superior, to resolve a problem or overcoming from personal or psychological
overcome from difficulty. problems.
Nature Preventive Remedial and Curative
Approach Comprehensive and Extroverted In-depth and Introverted
What it does? It assists the person in choosing the It tends to change the perspective, to help him
best alternative. get the solution by himself or herself.
Deals with Education and career related issues. Personal and socio-psychological issues.
Provided by A person who possesses high level of skill and
Any person superior or expert
professional training.
Privacy Open and less private. Confidential
Mode One to one or one to many One to one or one to many
Decision making By guide. By the client

Guidance Counselor
It is a profession that:
o involves the use of an integrated approach to the development of well-functioning individual primarily
by helping him/her
• to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and
• plan his/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs.
o It includes functions such as
• counseling,
• psychological testing, (as to personality, career interest, study orientation, mental ability and
aptitude),
• research,
• placement,
• group process,
• teaching and practicing of guidance and counseling subjects, particularly subjects given in the
licensure examinations, and
• other human development services.
o a natural person
o registered and issued a valid
• Certificate of Registration and
• Professional Identification Card
o performs for a fee, salary or other forms of compensation, the functions of guidance and counseling
 LEARNING ACTIVITY #2
Name: Score
Program / Course: Class Schedule:
Year & Section: Contact No. / FB Account:
Residential Address:

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:___________________
Activity Title : Misconceptions about Guidance and Counseling
Learning Target : Eradicate common misconceptions about Guidance and Counseling
References (Author, Title, Pages) : Tulio, Doris D. (2008). A breakthrough in School: Guidance & Counseling. National Book Store,
Mandaluyong City.
: Mendoza, Elenita D. (2003). Guidance and Counseling Today. Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila

Common misconceptions about guidance and counseling

• Guidance and counseling deal only with severe psychological problems and, hence, are not required for
schoolchildren.
• When dealing with schoolchildren, there is not much relationship between the theory and practical aspects
of guidance and counseling.
• Guidance is always provided in group form, as many students have more or less similar issues on which
they need guidance.
• Counseling is always counselee-centred, and the counselee plays proactive role.
• There is a single theory of guidance and counseling that can be applied to all scenarios.
• Counseling is a complex process that can only be facilitated by professional experts. A teacher cannot be
a counselor.
• Every teacher can be a counselor without undergoing any counseling training, as it does not require
specific skills.
• Counseling cannot be given in a classroom situation because it involves the utilization of various
resources.
• Counseling for personal, emotional, and social problems is the responsibility of the parents, not the
teacher.
• Counseling is only for children who are experiencing problems, and not for children who are bright and
happy at school.
• A counselor can provide a readymade solution to all problems.
• Guidance is a service or process that should be employed to address an emergency situation.
• Counseling is for developed countries.
• Counseling is concerned only with educational issues.
• No ethical issues are involved in counseling.
• Counseling is a one-meeting problem-solving strategy.

Exercise:

Interview a total of three (3) learners from different levels: elementary, high school and college about their
perception on Guidance and Counseling and Guidance Counselor. Transcribe or directly quote the answers of
your interviewees. As much as possible, do the interview online or through phone conversation. Make sure to
observe safety protocols if phone or online interview would not be possible.
These will be the guide questions.

1. What can you say about the Guidance and Counseling Office?
2. What do you think is the role of the Guidance Counselor in your school?
3. Have you experienced going to the Guidance and Counseling Office? How was it?
 LEARNING ACTIVITY #3
Name: Score
Program / Course: Class Schedule:
Year & Section: Contact No. / FB Account:
Residential Address:

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:___________________
Activity Title : History of Guidance and Counseling
Learning Target : Find- out how Guidance and Counseling concept developed.
References (Author, Title, Pages) : Tulio, Doris D. (2008). A breakthrough in School: Guidance & Counseling. National Book Store,
Mandaluyong City.
: Mendoza, Elenita D. (2003). Guidance and Counseling Today. Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila

Note: Do not draw. Copy the texts In a bulleted form.

 LEARNING ACTIVITY #3.1

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:Add’l Readings/ Attachment

Note: Do not copy this.

History of Guidance and Counseling

• The United States' entry into World War I brought the need for assessment of large groups of draftees,
in large part to select appropriate people for leadership positions.
• These early psychological assessments performed on large groups of people were quickly identified as
being valuable tools to be used in the educational system, thus beginning the standardized testing
movement that in the early twenty-first century is still a strong aspect of U.S. public education.
• At the same time, vocational guidance was spreading throughout the country, so that by 1918 more than
900 high schools had some type of vocational guidance system.
• In 1913 the National Vocational Guidance Association was formed and helped legitimize and increase
the number of guidance counselors.
• Early vocational guidance counselors were often teachers appointed to assume the extra duties of the
position in addition to their regular teaching responsibilities.
• The 1920s and 1930s saw an expansion of counseling roles beyond working only with vocational
concerns. Social, personal, and educational aspects of a student's life also needed attention.
• After World War II a strong trend away from testing appeared. One of the main persons indirectly
responsible for this shift was the American psychologist, Carl Rogers.
• Many in the counseling field adopted his emphasis on "nondirective" (later called "client-centered")
counseling.
• Rogers published Counseling and Psychotherapy in 1942 and Client-Centered Therapy in 1951.
• These two works defined a new counseling theory in complete contrast to previous theories in psychology
and counseling.
• This new theory minimized counselor advice-giving and stressed the creation of conditions that left the
client more in control of the counseling content.
• 1980s to 1990s •American School Counseling Association (ASCA) National Standards for Counseling •3
Core Domains: Academic, Career, Personal-Social

History of Counseling in the Philippines

• Pre–Colonial Philippines was much like neighboring Indonesia and Malaysia, and counseling still shows
vestiges of indigenous help-seeking through •(a) superstition; •(b) reliance on elders, faith healers, and
fortune tellers; and •(c) belief in the supernatural (Bulatao, 1992)
• In 1521, the Philippines was rediscovered by Ferdinand Magellan, which began the Spanish colonization,
resulting mainly in religious conquest: 80% of Filipinos are Roman Catholics (CIA, 2011).
• The American occupation, from 1898 to 1941 (and military bases into the 1990s) followed Spanish
colonization. From public school to government, the United States has had a strong influence on the
country (NSO, 2010).
• The language of instruction in the country is English, and greater respect is given to anything American
over anything Filipino. The United States has even had a significant impact on counseling because
Filipino counselors and psychologists often trained there (Salazar-Clemeña, 2002).
• Founded in 1962, the PAP endeavors to promote excellence, teaching, research, and the practice of
psychology. Its first annual national convention was held in January 1964.
• The PAP publishes the flagship journal Philippine Journal of Psychology, an international refereed journal
that aims to promote psychological studies in the Philippines and of the Filipino people.
• The Philippine Guidance and Counseling Association (PGCA) is a professional organization for guidance
counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators conceptualized in 1964 by a group of educators,
psychologists, and counselors, some of whom were trained in the United States.

• From the 1970s to the 1990s, the movement in counseling was primarily indigenization (e.g., Bulatao,
1992; Enriquez, 1977) of assessments, constructs, and theories, focusing on the differences between
the
• counseling models learned in the United States within the context of Philippine culture and the realities
of its social issues.
• The most significant development in Philippine counseling is the Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004
(Republic Act No. 9258).
• The Act was intended to professionalize the practice of guidance and counseling and to create the
Professional Regulatory Board of Guidance and Counseling, which is under the administrative control
and supervision of the Professional Regulatory Commission.
• Prior to 2004, mental health workers did not need a license to practice nor was there a regulatory board
to ensure adequate training and ethical practice. •Guidance counselors pioneered regulation for
counseling, and psychologists are following suit through the Philippine Psychology Act of 2009 (Republic
Act No. 10029), which will regulate psychology and create a professional regulatory board for licensing
psychologists (Kabiling, 2010).
 LEARNING ACTIVITY #4
Name: Score
Program / Course: Class Schedule:
Year & Section: Contact No. / FB Account:
Residential Address:

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:___________________
Activity Title : Different Counselors
Learning Target : Distinguish the distinctive roles performed by different counselors.
References (Author, Title, Pages) : Tulio, Doris D. (2008). A breakthrough in School: Guidance & Counseling. National Book Store,
Mandaluyong City.
: Mendoza, Elenita D. (2003). Guidance and Counseling Today. Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila
Note: Do not copy this.

Different Counselors
School Counselor (at all levels)
o Helps students to understand and deal with social, behavioural and personal problems.
o They work with students, including those with academic and social development problems and those with
special needs.
o Uses interviews, counselling sessions, interest and aptitude tests and other methods to evaluate and advice
students.
Vocational Counselors/ Employment Counselor/ Career Counselors
o Provide mainly career counselling
o They also work with individuals to develop their job- search skills, and they assist clients in locating and
applying for jobs.
o Provide support to persons experiencing job loss, job stress and other career transition issues.
Rehabilitation Counselors
o Help people deal with the personal, social and vocational effects of disabilities.
o They counsel people with disabilities resulting from birth defects, illness or disease, accidents or stress of
daily life
o Interview both individuals with disabilities and their families, evaluate school and medical reports, and
confer and plan with physicians, psychologists, occupational therapist and employers to determine the
capabilities and skills of the individual.
Mental Health Counselor
o Works with individuals, families and groups to address and treat mental and emotional disorders and to
promote optimum mental health.
o Trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques used to address a wide range of issues, including depression,
addiction and substance abuse, suicidal impulses, stress management, problems with self- esteem, issues
associated with aging, job and career concerns.
Substance Abuse and other Behavioral Disorder Counselors
o Helps people who have problems with alcohol, drugs, gambling and eating disorders.
o Counsel individual who are addicted to drugs, helping them to identify behaviour and problems related to
their addiction.
Marriage and Family Therapist
o Apply principles, methods and therapeutic techniques to individual, families, couples or organizations in
order to resolve conflicts.
o Engage in psychotherapy of a non-medical nature; make appropriate referrals to psychiatric resources.
Other counseling specialties
Gerontological Counselor
o Provides services to elderly persons and their families when they face changing lifestyle as they grow
older
Multicultural Counselor
o Helps employers adjust to an increasingly diverse workforce.
Genetic Counselors
o Provide information and support to families who have members with birth defects or genetic disorders
and to families who may be at risk for a variety of inherited conditions.
Exercise: Complete the table below by supplementing the needed information.
Counselor Possible Client/s
1. School Counselor
2.Vocational Counselors/ Employment Counselor/
Career Counselors
3.Rehabilitation Counselors
4. Mental Health Counselor
5.Substance Abuse and other Behavioral Disorder
Counselors
6. Marriage and Family Therapist
7. Gerontological Counselor
8. Multicultural Counselor
9. Genetic Counselors
 LEARNING ACTIVITY #5
Name: Score
Program / Course: Class Schedule:
Year & Section: Contact No. / FB Account:
Residential Address:

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:___________________
Activity Title : Areas of Guidance
Learning Target : Identify different areas of Guidance and enumerate each function.
References (Author, Title, Pages) : Tulio, Doris D. (2008). A breakthrough in School: Guidance & Counseling. National Book Store,
Mandaluyong City.
: Mendoza, Elenita D. (2003). Guidance and Counseling Today. Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila

Areas of Guidance
1. Educational Guidance
A. Preschool Guidance. This aims at studying children’s attitudes and his behavior with others when at
play or study time. It includes simple habits, learning language patterns, correct ideas, proper values and
social relationship with other.
B. Elementary School Guidance aims primarily on the development of fundamental attitudes, know-how,
and social skills of a person as a child matures from childhood to adolescence.
C. High School Guidance aims at the development of social competence among students as they become
participative citizens and productive adults in society.
D. College Guidance aims at assistance, provision, and guidance of the students' changing interest on
modification in their adjustment as they prepare themselves to be on their own as young professional
someday.

2. Socio- Civic and Moral Guidance

An individual learner is not only guided to understand himself and to relate to others but also has to:
A. develop knowledge about his responsibilities toward his fellowmen, He must be willing to participate
in community- oriented activities for his own enhancement as a human being.
B. practice good values. He should exhibit proper attitude and good manners.
C. live a worthwhile adult life as a participative, responsible member of society who observes proper
conduct and good relationship with others.

3. Vocational/ Career Guidance

 As an individual, a student should be afforded information on different natures and opportunities of
occupations where his skills, interests and capabilities as a person will be properly developed and
enhanced.

Exercise:
Answer the questions below. Elaborate your answer.
1. What do you think are the major concerns/ issues dealt by the Guidance Counselor in
a. Preschool
b. Elementary
c. High school
d. College.
2. As a college student, is the approach of the Guidance and Counseling Office differs from that of your
elementary or high school?
 LEARNING ACTIVITY #6
Name: Score
Program / Course: Class Schedule:
Year & Section: Contact No. / FB Account:
Residential Address:

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others:___________________
Activity Title : Understanding the Learner’s Needs
Learning Target : Recognize the various needs of the learners.
References (Author, Title, Pages) : Tulio, Doris D. (2008). A breakthrough in School: Guidance & Counseling. National Book Store,
Mandaluyong City.
: Mendoza, Elenita D. (2003). Guidance and Counseling Today. Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila

Understanding the Learner’s Needs

1. Emotional Needs
pertain to the basic clamour of a person to satisfy his feelings like his need for love, recognition,
acceptance and respect.
2. Intellectual Needs
refer to one’s curiosity to satisfy his quest for learning/ knowing. Examples are learning new concepts,
learning new patterns of expression or acquiring new ideas.
3. Physical Needs
point to a person’s desire to overcome impaired physical abilities which may affect learning. Examples
are impaired hearing, poor eyesight.
4. Social Needs
mean one’s preference to be with groups of people where one feels being loved and accepted.

Exercise:

Aside from the examples mentioned above, identify five (5) learner’s needs for each category. Create a
table to present your output.

Emotional Needs Intellectual Needs Physical Needs Social Needs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.