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Guidance and Counseling

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Guidance and Counseling

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© © All Rights Reserved
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GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

INTRODUCTIONTOGUIDANCE AND COUNSELING.

Guidance and counseling is a concept that has existed for a long time. We have sought through
the ages to understand ourselves, offer counseling and develop our potential, become aware of
opportunities and in general help ourselves in ways associated with formal guidance and
counseling practice. In most communities, there has been deeply embedded conviction that under
proper conditions people can help others with their problems. Some people help others find ways
of dealing with solving transcending problems. From time immemorial, people sought wellness
or completeness in their social, economic and spiritual lives. They needed answerers to simple
questions like “What should I do?” to much complex ones such as, “Whom am I?”

In the past there were people of institutions that were available to provide “guidance and
counseling” to the everyday needs of the people. In our tradition there was never a lack of
guidance or counseling.

Guidance and counseling was provided through the following: parents, siblings, grandparents,
traditional leaders, adults or elders in the community, initiation ceremonies, etc.

All these structures were part of an individual as he/she grew up and the individual was never
isolated or detached completely from any of these. Therefore, guidance and counseling is not a
new concept to us because it existed in our traditional set up even before the coming of the
Whiteman.

However, most of the structures have broken down and hence the need to look elsewhere for
more effective ways of providing guidance and counseling, without completely ignoring our
traditional methods.

It is a well known fact that nowadays, parents are unable to spend more time with their children
because of so many problems, for example, unemployment, poverty, sickness, and so forth. We

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also know the extended families have disintegrated such that aunts, uncles, and grandparents are
no longer considered resells for the impartation of wisdom.

In Zambia, guidance and counseling developed from career guidance. The idea of setting up
guidance was initiated by the Ministry ofEducation which saw the transferring the at the
psychological service with, in the 1980s to the examination council of Zambia and in its place
the guidance with was created with restricted responsibilities for career guidance and it’s
operated as a separate entity.

In the 1990s, Guidance unit was re-named the school Guidance services with broader
responsibilities and functions to include programs such as counseling, HIV/AIDs life-skills and
Girl Child Education.

From the foregoing, it is clear that Guidance and Counseling has been in existence for a long
time requires a genuine relationship between the counselor and the client. In this case,
collaborations between the lectures are very important. If this collaboration is effective, students
learn in a practical way. Young people develop the same degree of freedom in their lives as they
became aware of options and take advantage of them. At its best, helping should enable people to
throw off chains and manage lives situations effectively. Unprecedented economic and social
changes have, over the years, affected the ways in which we manage our lives. Consequently, not
all the lessons of the past can effectively deal with the challenges of modern times.

Effective guidance and counseling in institutions of learning has now become mereanigly
important. Young men and women need to be guided in understanding the relationships between
health and environment; acquiring skills, knowledge, and attitudes that leads to success or failure
in life. The need for guidance and counseling has become paramount in order to promote the
well being of the child. Effective guidance and counseling should help to impose the self-image
of young people and facilitate achievements in life talks.

Guidance and counseling should improve student in participate fully in, and benefit from, the
economic and social development of the nation. Many people are giving up in a fast paced and

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fast changing society where the often do not seen to understand what is happening or what to do
about it. In the cause of their development, emotional conflict, anxiety, frustration, fears, poor
self concept, indecision, substance and drug abuse, unwanted pregnancies, HIV and AIDs,
dellguency, suicide, inability to set a goal in life, and in general, to change their maladaptive
behavior.

Guidance and counseling

These are no single universally accepted definition of counseling. Generally it depends on the
personal background and one’s philosophical understand about life. It is always felt that
counseling is a helping relationship between a counselor and the client and results into the
establishment of personal goals and values, changes of behavior or finding solutions to problems.

Basic principles ofGuidance and Counseling.

Counselors or Guidance teachers believe in the nobility of the profession which holds the
forming views about human beings and problems.

1. Individual Difference

Individual difference is very important and must be accorded to everyone because human beings
differ in their traits and characteristics. In this regard, each person must be attended to as an
individual.

2. Individual uniqueness

Individual uniqueness refers to the view we hold that individuals are in appearance completely
different. Not even twins are exactly the same. In this

Manners, each person must be treated as an individual.

3. Individual Self Worthiness any existing human being is worth of same value and must
be treated as one regardless of social statue.

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4. Individual self actualization all human beings have self goals for life. These wishes
must be met at all costs. In this regard a counselor should try to help the client meet life
goals through good advice.
5. Problems are situational problems are situational. This means that problems are
contextual and must be analyzed in the situation they have happened.
6. Problems are interrelated problems are all interrelated. This means that there is no
problem that stands in isolation but is connected to other problems. Simply this means
(refers) to the fact that is problem leads to the other. For example, a fight at home by
parents affects work performance.

QUALITIES OF A COUNSELOR OF GUIDANCE TEACHER (COUNSELOR


PERSONALITY PROFILE)

An effective counselor should have good qualities in order to offer help skillfully to desperate
solution seeking clients.

The following are some qualities worthy for a good counselor:

a. Patience: counselor should listen and record what the client says without much
interference.
b. Honesty: counselor should not hide their feelings about the problem but to say whatever
is helping in an open and honest manner to safeguard the integration at the process.
c. Approachable: counselor ought to be approachable if they are to find out about the client
and the problems.
d. Sympathetic: counselor must see things the client see, feel the way the client feels
without necessarily expressing too much sympathy because too much sympathy is
harmful to the client.
e. Pragmatic: the counselor should suggest variable situation only and not a bag of empty
promises.

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f. Spontaneous: an active and skillful counselor does not hesitate but acts according to
avoid worsening the situation.
g. None Judgmental: a counselor is not a judge and he/she should not hesitate but acts
according to avoid interrogation. He/she should not interrogate the client but listen
carefully to what the client is saying before making conclusion.
h. Good Conduct: a counselor is a model in society and must by his/her best to avoid the
doing opposite at what society expects of him/her.
i. Communication: a counselor should impress oneself fully and clearly during the
interview with a client.

THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING TEACHER IN


PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

- Educational guidance has the following specific functions at the elementary stage: The
Counselor/Guidance teacher should,

1. Assist pupils to make a proper beginning. The pupils should be helped and guided to
make a good beginning in their educational careers. The possibilities that a good
complete education can open before their shine be explained so that they are motivated
to stay.
2. Assisting pupils to plan intelligently. The pupils should be made familiar with the
difference types of careers and activities available. They should be given the basic
information regarding occupation division and occupational families, special skills they
require and the relationship at school achievement to employment.
3. Assisting pupils to get the best out of their education. During the process of education
pupils experience many learning difficulties. Hand caps have to be detected to ensure
progress. Pupils need to be helped according to their abilities and interests.
4. Preparing pupils to enter the secondary stage. Since guidance is a continuum, it is one
of the functions at the elementary stage to assist the pupils to recognize the direction in
which he/she is going and to map out in general the highway that have the greatest

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promise of leading to his/her goals. That means one at the function of educational
guidance here will be to prepare the secondary stage at schooling.
5. School counselor help each student to understand himself/herself in relation to the
social psychological world in which he/she lives, accepts himself/herself as she/he is.
Develop personal decision competently.
6. The counselor assumes the role of a leader and consultant in the primary schools
appraisal Programme by co-ordination the accumulation and the use of meaningful
information about each pupil and their parents information concerning;

(a) School subject and courses


(b) Opportunities for further education
(c) A careers and careers training opportunities

7. The school counselor assists in providing placement services for pupils by;

(a) Planning with teachers and administration for the grouping and scheduling of pupils.
(b) Helping pupils to make appropriate choices of school programmes and to develop
long range plans of study.

8. Keeping examination records and report forms.


9. To orient teachers and pupils
10. To give counsel to members at staff
11. To conduct counseling or therapeutic interviews in assist individuals to gain insight
into personal problem.

DOS AND DONTS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING ISSUES OF


RESPONSIBILITIES

- The counselor has a responsibility to maintain his/her effectiveness commitment and


ability to help clients.

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- The counselors must not attend to client’s disturbance, illness, of drug or alcohol
intoxication or for any other reason.
- The counselor is responsible for the appropriate use of counseling skills within the
context of the code of ethics and maintaining high standard of professional conducts.

ISSUES OF COMPETENCE

 The counselor must ensure that he/she has received appropriate training in
counseling skills.
 The counselor must work within his/her limits of competence and be willing to
make appropriate referrals whenever necessary.
 A counselor must regularly monitor his/her counseling skills and maintain a
desired level of competence.
 Confidentiality should be highly considered. In this context confidentiality means
providing the client with safety and privacy. Any limitation on the degree of
confidentiality offered is likely to diminish the usefulness of counseling.
 The counselor must not disclose any information about the client to his/her
colleagues or third parties without first seeking consent of the client.
 The counselor may break the agreement about the confidentiality only if they are
sound reasons.

(A) For believing that the client will cause serious harm to him or herself or other
persons or have harm caused to him.
(B) For believing that the client is no longer able to make responsibility for his/her own
decisions and actions.
(C) For believing that the client will commit a felony or engage in other criminal
activities.

 Client safety should be highly promoted, that is counselor to ensure a safe


environment during counseling clients.

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 The counselor must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the client suffers
neither physical nor psychological harm during counseling.
 Client autonomy should be well handled by the counselor. That is the counselor
must respect the client’s autonomy beliefs and values during the counseling
relationship.
 Organization and management should be properly handled. That is:

- Counseling must take place in a room which offers sufficient privacy and safety.
- Dual relationship with clients that might impair the counselor’s objectivity and
professional judgment (e.g with close friends, or relations) must be avoided and referral
to another counselor be suggested.

Guidance

Definition: process by which an individual is assisted to understand, accept and utilize his/her
aptitudes, interest and individual patterns in relation to his/her aspirations.

 Involves experience assisting learners to understand, accept and live effectively in


his/her society.
 Designed to help each other individually to adjust to his/her environment, develop ability
to set realistic goals and improve total education programmer.

Guidance is in four categories and these are; Educational guidance, personal, career and social
guidance.

 Educational Guidance (Explaining education world)

 Provision of assistance to learners in their choices in and adjustment to school curriculum


and school life
 Time management, study skills anxiety reduction, approaches to effect presentation and
questions and answers.

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 Independent and accountable for one’s education
 Personal Guidance (know my-self)
 Helps develop interest in and a liking for self, judge personal qualities.

 Promote self-awareness and character formation


 Explore personally ingredients interest, values, abilities, attitudes, benefits and emotions.

 Career Guidance (Where do you want your education lead you to)

 Help individuals to chose an occupation, prepare for it, enter upon and progress in it.
 Comprehension of the world of work and needs.
 Relate personal skills, interest and abilities to correct.
 Learn work related skills, attitudes and understanding of the significance of work in
human life.

 Social Guidance (social integration)

 Helps an individual on how to behave with consideration to other people.


 Acquire and practice skills, attitudes and behaviors that make them attractive and
acceptable.
 Premised on the concepts of humanity and human interconnectedness.
 Effective interpersonal relationship, communication patterns, social cohesion.
 Emphasis social function and roles, how to integrate into a social group.

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