Scribd
Upload
78 views16 pages

Part 1: Patterns and Numbers in Nature and The World - Mathematics in The Modern World

Patterns can be found throughout nature and mathematics. Examples of patterns include numerical sequences that increase or decrease by a set amount. Mathematics can be described as a precise language using symbols and expressions to concisely represent complex ideas. Sets are collections of well-defined objects that can be combined using operations like union and intersection. Mathematical logic uses symbols and logical connectives to represent statements and their relationships, such as conditional, inverse, converse, and contrapositive statements.

Uploaded by

Alexis Nichole Payao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views16 pages

Part 1: Patterns and Numbers in Nature and The World - Mathematics in The Modern World

Patterns can be found throughout nature and mathematics. Examples of patterns include numerical sequences that increase or decrease by a set amount. Mathematics can be described as a precise language using symbols and expressions to concisely represent complex ideas. Sets are collections of well-defined objects that can be combined using operations like union and intersection. Mathematical logic uses symbols and logical connectives to represent statements and their relationships, such as conditional, inverse, converse, and contrapositive statements.

Uploaded by

Alexis Nichole Payao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

PATTERNS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PApce5Q3U0k
PART 1: PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD || MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN
WORLD
pp. 2-20
Patterns defined as:
 Regular
 Repeated
 Recurring forms or designs
 Pattern in nature are visible
 Identify relationships
 Find logical connections to form generalizations
 Predictions
 
Pattern Examples:
 A,C,E,G,I,K
o ABCs are skipping
 15,10,14,10,13,10,12
o Every other number is minus 1 the 2nd to the last number before it
 3,6,12,24,48,96,192
o Next number is twice the previous number
 27,30,33,36,39,42
o Next number is 3 more than the previous
 41,39,37,35,33,31
o Next number is 2 less than the previous
 
How do you determine the next number of the Fibonacci Sequence? You add the last 2 previous
number(get its sum) to get the next number.
 
Binet's Formula

 This helps us predict the pattern of the Fibonacci numbers even if layo pa siya sa sequence
Golden ratio: 1.618
Golden angle: around 137.5
 
Section 3 p.26
 "Mathematics is the indispensable instrument of all physical researches"
o Meaning: Mathematics is the foundation and basis of everything.
 "mathematics wards off the dangers of philosophy"
o Meaning: mathematics prevents assumptions, implications, and because in philosophy,
its more inclined more on the heart and we get to share our views or personal opinions.
in mathematics, it provides us with logical reasons and solutions with references.
o Essence of philosophy is asking questions and endpoint isn't really giving answers and
essence of math is more of stability and really setting standards in arriving at a particular
truth
 
MATHEMATICS AS A LANGUAGE

p.37
Mathematics as a Language
 Language facilitates communication as it allows people to express themselves and somehow
bridges the gap among them
 MATH as a language is precise as such that it is able to make very find distinctions or definitions
among a set of mathematical symbols
 A mathematician can express long expositions or sentences briefly using the language of
mathematics
 
Review of Some Symbols
Sigma symbol "sum of"

"there exist"

"for every"

"represent subset"

"implies a condition" (used in if/then statements

"represent real numbers"


 
Mathematical Language and Symbols Video
Mathematical Language and Symbols || Mathematics in the Modern World
1. Mathematics is Precise:
a. the way you say it changes the way its used, 807 --> 8:07 is time and 807 is number ra.
Or differs in degrees also

o Usual math symbols


 Common operators
 +, -, x, divide
 Math variables
 Used when quantities take different values. Letter represents an
unknown number
 Greek letters

 Pi - 3.14159
 Sigma - represent the ddition of several umbers
2. Math is concise
a. Convert mathematical sentences to expressions
 

b.

3. Mathematics is powerful
a. Express complex thoughts with relative ease
b. Ex. finding the formula for calculating Work
c. Lay the foundation to measure and understand our universe
d. Ten equations that changed the world:

i.
ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

vi.
vii.

viii.

ix.

x.

 Mathematical expressions are different from statements


 Counterpart in math is expression which does not convey a complete thought or idea
 
Mathematical Statements Video
https://youtu.be/OPN6IJ7isEE
Statement
 Gives us information
 
Mathematical Statement
 Either True or False (Not both)
 Ex.
o Tom is taller than Jerry (yes)
o What a beautiful day! (no bc exclamation can never be mathematical statements)
o Sit straight (no bc its an order)
o All squares are rectangles (yes bc its true)
o What is your name? (no bc it’s a question)
o She stays in India (no bc it has pronouns)
o The airport is at 40 kms from here (no bc it has pronouns)
o The sides of all the quadrilaterals are equal (yes bc its false)
o Tomorrow is Thursday (no bc it involves 'time' sentences w tomorrow, yesterday and
today are never statements)
o Geometry is the most interesting part of mathematics (no bc its opinionated)
 
Back to discussion:
So how do we know if it’s a statement, sentence or proposition in math?
 Ends with a period. It’s a declarative statement
 Gives either a true or false answer but not both
 Has a well defined truth value
 Not a statement if:
o Not declarative sentence
o Opinion
 
Is this a statement or not?
1. X+2
a. No bc it doesn't give answer of true or false. It’s an incomplete thought
2. There exist even numbers greater than 100.
a. Yes bc its true
2. Read pages 23 to 27 of your textbook
a. No bc its an order
2. Doreen is a bubbly person
a. No bc its an opinion
2. The color red is pretty
a. No bc its an opinion
2. Every EVEN number is greater than 100
a. Yes bc its false
2. If I start losing my memory, how will I know?
a. No bc it’s a question
2. Manila is the capital of the Philippines
a. Yes bc its true
2. A whale is a mammal.
a. Yes bc its true
2. X+3=5
a. Yes its called an open statement bc the answer depends on the value of x. the thought is
complete as such when u put in a number on the value of x it either gives you true or
false
 
 

 
SETS
What is a set?
 Collection or group of well-defined objects
 This is a set because its well-defined. It’s a set of letters
 
How to describe a set?
Roster Method
 List down all the members of the set; more popular
 You need to use braces

 
Union of Sets
 Using set theory and interval notation
 We can find the intersection and union
o Union is like a marriage when they combine we get a united family
 The intersection is the set of items present in both sets
 Example:

o So here the union is:


 {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13}
o The intersection here is 5 and 9
 
Complement of a Set
 The complement of set A, denoted by A', is the set of all elements in the universal set that are
not in A.
 
 
3 Set Venn Diagram
 Start from the middle then going outwards
 
Sets & Subset

 The one on the bottom left is the main set


 Everything on the right are parts of the main set thus we call them the subsets
 Empty set and entire set are also subsets of the entire set
 Blood types are good application of subsets
 
 Using roster method to identify main set
 To identify subsets
 Example youre the receptor:
 A patient -
 Example you're the donor now:

o If youre the recipient the concept is subset: can receive O- and O+


o If youre the donor: Just look at the venn diagram when u identify
 Thus AB+, B+, A+, O+
 

 
MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
pp. 54 - 73
Determining Simple and Compound Statements
 Find the parts of the sentences.
 Remember if its like Ben and Jerry's then no its not a compound bc and is part of the name
 If there are logical connectives or Boolean operators then it’s a compound statement.
 
Negation of a Statement

When writing negation of a statement add tilde:

 
Writing Compound Statement in Symbolic Form
 Use these boolean operators

 First identify the boolean operators used, then represent the parts with p, q, r, s then use the
boolean operators to connect them
 Rmb whenever its negated, you add a tilde. Look out for "doesn't" "not" "can't"
 Examples:

 
Writing Symbolic Form

My backpack is heavy and it's not going to rain.


 
Writing Conditional Statement of Conditional, Converse, Inverse, and Contrapositive
 Conditional If p then q
o A square is a rectangle
o If figure is a square, then it is a rectangle
 Inverse If ^p then ^q
o If a figure is not a square then it is not a rectangle
 Converse if q, then p
o If a figure is a rectangle then it is a square
 Contrapositive if ^q then ^p
o If a figure is not a rectangle then it is not a square
 So basically:
o First write it in conditional form
o Identify your p and q

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy