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Pp03a - Asep - NSCP 2015 Update On CH2 Minimum Design Loads

The document summarizes significant changes to Chapter 2 (Minimum Design Loads) of the 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), including revisions to load combinations, live loads, basic wind speed values, seismic hazard mapping and parameters. It also provides overviews of the NSCP's specifications for loadings, occupancy categories, seismic coefficients, response modification factors, and procedures for determining design base shear and building period in seismic design.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
226 views40 pages

Pp03a - Asep - NSCP 2015 Update On CH2 Minimum Design Loads

The document summarizes significant changes to Chapter 2 (Minimum Design Loads) of the 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), including revisions to load combinations, live loads, basic wind speed values, seismic hazard mapping and parameters. It also provides overviews of the NSCP's specifications for loadings, occupancy categories, seismic coefficients, response modification factors, and procedures for determining design base shear and building period in seismic design.

Uploaded by

jim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

7/22/2017

UPDATES ON CHAPTER 2 : 
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS         
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE 
OF THE PHILIPPINES
NSCP 2015, VOLUME 1

Ronaldo S. Ison, F.ASEP, PP 2002‐2004, 
Chancellor, ASEP College of Fellows

Significant Changes to Chapter 2 
Minimum Design Loads 

 Load combinations for are changed due to the 
use of strength‐based wind loading based on 
ASCE 7‐10
 Additional live load designations for parking, 
garage, and ramp live loading
 Basic wind speed are revised based on latest 
studies and records
 For communication towers, ANSI TIA/EIA 222G 
latest edition is fully referenced in the NSCP

1
7/22/2017

Significant Changes to Chapter 2 
Minimum Design Loads 

 Near‐source factors are revised to consider 
distance to source <2 km to be distinct and with 
higher values
 Revision of magnitude limits for                       
Seismic Source Type A
 Use of spectral acceleration based on ASCE/SEI   
7‐10 is recognized as an alternative procedure for 
determining earthquake forces
 Rest of the Sections in Chapter 2 are unchanged 
with reference to NSCP 2010 6th Edition

Material
Densities 

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Loadings
Dead Loads 

Loadings
Live Loads 

3
7/22/2017

Loadings
Live Loads 

Loadings
Live Loads 

4
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Live Load 
Reduction                                    

Live Load 
Reduction                                    

5
7/22/2017

Loadings
Roof Loads 

Loadings
Earthquake Loads 

SCOPE
‐ Structures or portions thereof  shall be, as a minimum, 
be designed and constructed to resist the effects of 
seismic ground motion

SEISMIC AND WIND DESIGN
‐ When the code prescribed produces greater effects, the 
wind design shall govern, but detailing requirements and 
limitations of Section 208 Earthquake Loads shall be 
followed.

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Earthquake Loads
Design Base Shear – Static Force Procedure 

Cv I
V W
RT (208‐8)

The total design base shear need not exceed the following:

2.5Ca I (208‐9)
V W
R

Earthquake Loads
Design Base Shear – Static Force Procedure 

The total design base shear shall not be less than the 
following:

V  0.11Ca I W (208‐10)

In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall 
also not be less than the following:
(208‐11)
0.8ZN v I
V W
R

7
7/22/2017

Occupancy 
Categories

Occupancy 
Categories

8
7/22/2017

Seismic Importance Factors 

16&3DQG16&3

Soil Profile Types

16&3DQG16&3

9
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Seismic Source Types

16&3 16&3

Near Source Factors

16&3 16&3

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Seismic Coefficients

16&3 16&3

Seismic Coefficients

16&3 16&3

11
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Response Modification and 
Overstrength Factors

Response Modification and 
Overstrength Factors

12
7/22/2017

Fault Map 
of the Philippines 

Distribution of Active 
Faults and Trenches 
(PHIVOLCS)

Seismic Map 
of the 
Philippines 

Earthquakes for the last
+400 years

13
7/22/2017

Seismic Map 
of the Philippines 

The Philippines is divided 
into two (2) Seismic Zones :

Seismic Zone 2 (Z=0.2)
Islands oF Palawan,  Tawi‐
Tawi and Sulu

Seismic Zone 4 (Z=0.4)
Rest of the Philippine 
Islands

Fault Map 
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7/22/2017

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22
7/22/2017

Earthquake Loads
Design Base Shear – Static Force Procedure 

Cv I
V W (208‐8)
RT
The total design base shear need not exceed the 
following:
2.5Ca I
V W (208‐9)
R

Earthquake Loads
Design Base Shear – Static Force Procedure 

The total design base shear shall not be less than 
the following:
V  0.11Ca I W (208‐10)

In addition, for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear 
shall also not be less than the following:
0.8ZN v I (208‐11)
V W
R

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7/22/2017

Earthquake Loads
Building Period, T

Ct = 0.0853 for steel SMRF

T = Ct(hn)3/4
= 0.0853(30)3/4
= 1.093 sec

30 m
Ct = 0.0731 for concrete SMRF
T = Ct(hn)3/4
= 0.0731(30)3/4
= 0.937 sec
Ground
Ct = 0.0488 for other systems

6m
T = Ct(hn)3/4
= 0.0488(30)3/4
= 0.626 sec

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

Given:
Zone 4, Z = 0.4
Seismic Source Type = A
25m

Distance to seismic source = 2 km
Soil Profile Type = Sc
I = 1.0
R = 8.5
W = 7300 kN

24
7/22/2017

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

Determine the structure period T using Method A.
For concrete moment –resisting frames, Ct is 0.0731
T = Ct(hn)3/4
= 0.0731(25)3/4
= 0.81 sec.

Find near source factors Na and Nv from Tables   208‐4 
and 208‐5 for Seismic Source Type A and distance to 
seismic source of 2 km.
NSCP 2010                       Na = 1.2 Nv = 1.6
NSCP 2015 Na = 1.5 Nv = 2.0

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

Determine seismic coefficients Ca and Cv from Tables 
208‐7 and 208‐8 for soil profile type Sc and Zone 4.
NSCP 2010   
Ca = 0.40 Na                 Cv = 0.56 Nv
= 0.4(1.2)            = 0.56(1.6)    
= 0.48                             = 0.896
NSCP 2015   
Ca = 0.40 Na                 Cv = 0.56 Nv
= 0.4(1.5)            = 0.56(2.0)    
= 0.6                               = 1.12

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7/22/2017

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

NSCP 2010
The total design base shear in a given direction is:
V  = CVI/RT x W (NSCP   208‐4)
= 0.896(1.0)/(8.5x.81) x 7300
= 950.01 kN (GOVERNS)
the total design base shear need not exceed the
following:
V = 2.5(CaI)/R x W               (NSCP  208‐5)
= 2.5(0.60)1.0/8.5 x 7300
= 1,030.59 kN

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

the base shear shall not be less than the following:
V  = 0.11CaIW                              (NSCP  208‐6)
= 0.11(0.60)(1.0)(7300)
= 385.44 kN
in Seismic Zone 4, the total design base shear shall
also be not less than:
V = 0.8ZNvI/R x W (NSCP 208‐7)
= 0.8(0.4)(1.6)(1.0)/8.5 x 7300
= 439.72 kN

26
7/22/2017

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

NSCP 2015
The total design base shear in a given direction is:
V  = CVI/RT x W (NSCP   208‐4)
= 1.12(1.0)/(8.5x.81) x 7300
= 1,187.51 kN (GOVERNS)
the total design base shear need not exceed the
following:
V = 2.5(CaI)/R x W               (NSCP  208‐5)
= 2.5(0.60)1.0/8.5 x 7300
= 1,288.24 kN

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

the base shear shall not be less than the following:
V  = 0.11CaIW                              (NSCP  208‐6)
= 0.11(0.60)(1.0)(7300)
= 481.80 kN
in Seismic Zone 4, the total design base shear shall
also be not less than:
V = 0.8ZNvI/R x W (NSCP 208‐7)
= 0.8(0.4)(2.0)(1.0)/8.5 x 7300
= 549.65 kN

27
7/22/2017

Earthquake Loads
Sample Problem – Design Base Shear

Zone 4, Z = 0.4
Seismic Source Type = A
Distance to seismic source = 2 km
Soil Profile Type = Sc
I = 1.0

25m
R = 8.5
W = 7300 kN

Design Base Shear, V
NSCP 2010  V =    950.01 kN
NSCP 2015  V = 1,187.51 kN (+25%)

q
Sample Problem – Base Shear 
Comparison

 8 storey RC structure
 3.5m floor‐to‐floor height, 6.0m bay length
 f’c = 28 MPa, fy = 414 MPa
 Beams/girders : 300mm x 450mm
 Columns : 600mm x 600 mm
 Dead load : self weight
 Superimposed Dead Load : 4.00 kPa
 Live Load : 2.40 kPa (residential)
 Special Moment Resisting Frame, R = 8.5
 Soil Profile Type, SA
 Importance Factor, 1.00, Category IV

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3D Model

Plan and Wire Frame

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7/22/2017

Base Shear Comparison

ZONE 2 ZONE 4, 15 KM ZONE 4, 5 KM

W, kN 44,741.81 44,741.81 44,741.81


Z 0.20 0.40 0.40
I 1.00 1.00 1.00
R 8.50 8.50 8.50
hn,m 28.00 28.00 28.00
S SA SA SA
Na - 1.00 1.20
Nv - 1.00 1.60
Ca 0.160 0.320 0.384
Cv 0.160 0.320 0.512
Ft, kN 80.15 159.90 254.70
V,kN 787.46 1,684.40 2,695.40
% increase
in V - 113% 242%

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7/22/2017

Comparison of Design Moments and 
Flexural Reinforcements

 Beam B29

ZONE 2 ZONE 4, ZONE 4,


15 km 5 km
D+L D+L+E D+L+E D+L+E
Design Moment,
kN-m -135 -175 -269 -357
Flex. Reinf.,
sq. mm 858 1127 1820 2559
% under
designed - 30% 112% 198%

Earthquake Loads
Vertical Distribution

The total design base shear, V, shall be distributed at 
different floor levels according to the following: 
Fx = (V‐Ft) x wxhx
wxhx
where:
V  : design base shear
Ft :  .07TV, when period, T > 0.7 second,  else Ft = 0
wx :  mass at floor level
hx :  height of floor from ground level

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Earthquake Loads
Dynamic Analysis – Response Spectrum

Load Combinations

Buildings, towers and other vertical structures and all 
portions thereof shall be designed to resist the load 
combinations in NSCP Section 203.

The critical effect can occur when one or more of the 
contributing loads are not acting.

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Load Definitions

 D = dead load
 E = earthquake load set forth in Section 208.5.1.1
 Em = estimated maximum earthquake force that 
can be developed in the  structure as set forth
in Section 208.5.1.1
 F = load due to fluids with well‐defined pressures and 
maximum heights
 H = load due to lateral pressure of soil and water in soil
 L = live load, except roof live load, including any 
permitted live load reduction
 Lr = roof live load, including any permitted live load 
reduction

Load Definitions

 L = live load, except roof live load, including any 
permitted live load reduction
 Lr = roof live load, including any permitted live load 
reduction
 R = rain load on the undeflected roof
 T = self‐straining force and effects arising from 
contraction or expansion resulting from 
temperature change, shrinkage, moisture 
change, creep in component materials, 
movement due to differential 
settlement, or combinations thereof
 W = load due to wind pressure

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7/22/2017

Load Combinations for 
RC Design and Steel Design

 U  =  1.4 (D  +  F)
 U =  1.2 (D+ F+T ) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R)        
 U =  1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.50 W)          
 U =  1.2 D + 1.0 W + f1 L  +0.5 (Lr or R)             
 U =  1.2 D + 1.0 E+ f1 L                                           
 U  = 0.9 D + 1.0 W + 1.6 H                                 
 U =  0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H
f1 =    1.0    for floors in places of public assembly, 
for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa,      
and for garage live load
=    0.5     for other live loads

Load Combination for Strength Design

Application of the strength design load combinations 
that involve the seismic load  E  for the moment‐
resisting frame  

Z = 0.4
Ca = 0.44
I = 1.0
ρ = 1.1
f1 = 0.5

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Load Combination for Strength Design

Beam A‐B and Column C‐D are elements of the special 
moment‐resisting frame.  Structural analysis has provided 
the following individual beam moments at A, and the 
column axial loads and moments at C due to dead load, 
office building live load, and lateral seismic forces.
Dead  D          Live L        Seismic Eh
Beam Moment at A           135 kN‐m         65 kN‐m        165 kN‐m
Column C‐D axial load       400 kN 180 kN 490 kN
Column Moment at C         55 kN‐m          30 kN‐m 220 kN‐m
PROBLEM : Find the strength design moment at beam end 
A and strength design axial load and moment at column 
top C.

Load Combination for Strength Design

Strength design moment at beam end A.
Determine earthquake load E:
The earthquake load E consists of two components as 
shown below in equation (208‐18).  Eh is due to horizontal 
forces, and Ev is due to vertical forces.
E = ρEh + Ev (Section 208‐18)
The moment due to vertical earthquake forces is calculated 
Ev = 0.5CaID = 0.5(0.44)(1.0)(135) = 29.7 kN‐m

35
7/22/2017

Load Combination for Strength Design

The moment due to horizontal earthquake 
forces is given as
Eh = 165 kN‐m
Therefore
= ρEh + Ev = 1.1(165)+29.7 = 211 kN‐m

Load Combination for Strength Design

 U  =  1.4 (D  +  F)  = 1.4D
 U =  1.2 (D+ F+T ) + 1.6 (L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R)  
= 1.2D + 1.6L      
 U =  1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.50 W) 
= 1.2D + 0.5L        
 U =  1.2 D + 1.0 W + f1 L  +0.5 (Lr or R) = 1.2D +0.5L          
 U =  1.2 D + 1.0 E+ f1 L  = 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L
 U  = 0.9 D + 1.0 W + 1.6 H   = 0.9D
 U =  0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H = 0.9D +1.0E

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7/22/2017

Load Combination for Strength Design

Apply earthquake load combinations
The basic load combinations for strength design (or LRFD) are 
given in Section 203.3.1.  For this example, the applicable 
equations are:
1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
0.9D  1.0E
Using Equation (203‐5) and Equation (203‐6), the strength design 
moment at A for combined dead, live, and seismic forces are 
determined.
MA = 1.2MD +1.0ME + f1ML
= 1.2(135)+1.0(211)+0.5(65) 
= 406 kN‐m
MA = 0.9MD 1.0ME = 0.9(135)1.0(211) = 333 kN‐m or –90 kN‐m
Therefore, MA = 406 kN‐m or –90 kN‐m

Load Combination for Strength Design

Apply earthquake load combinations, 
continuation…

MA = 0.9MD  1.0ME 
= 0.9(135) 1.0(211) 
= 333 kN‐m or –90 kN‐m
MA = 1.2MD + 1.6ML
= 1.2(135)+1.6(65) 
= 266 kN‐m  

Therefore, MA = 406 kN‐m or –90 kN‐m

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7/22/2017

Strength design axial load and moment at column 
top C.
Determine Earthquake load E:
E = ρEh + Ev
where

Ev = 0.5CaID = 0.22D
for axial load

E = ρEh + Ev = 1.1(490)+0.22(400) = 627 kN


for moment

E = ρEh + Ev = 1.1(220)+0.22(55) = 254 kN

Apply Earthquake Load combinations:
1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
0.9D  1.0E
Design axial force Pc at point C is calculated as
Pc = 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L 
= 1.2(400)+1.0(627)+0.5(180) 
= 1197 kN

Pc = 0.9D  1.0E = 0.9(400)  1.0(627)


= 987 kN‐m or ‐267 kN

Therefore, Pc = 1197 kN or –267 kN

38
7/22/2017

Design moment Mc at point C is calculated :


Mc = 1.2D + 1.0E + f1L  
= 1.2(55)+1.0(254)+0.5(30) 
= 335 kN‐m

Mc = 0.9D  1.0E
= 0.9(55)  1.0(254) 
= 304 kN‐m or ‐205 kN‐m
Therefore, Mc = 335 kN‐m or –205 kN‐m
 Note that the column section capacity must be designed for the interaction of 
Pc = 1197 kN compression and Mc = 335 kN‐m (for dead, live and earthquake), 
and the interaction of Pc = 267 kN tension and Mc = ‐205 kN‐m (for dead and 
earthquake).

Significant Changes to Chapter 2 
Minimum Design Loads 

 Load combinations for are changed due to the 
use of strength‐based wind loading based on 
ASCE 7‐10
 Additional live load designations for parking, 
garage, and ramp live loading
 Basic wind speed are revised based on latest 
studies and records
 For communication towers, ANSI TIA/EIA 222G 
latest edition is fully referenced in the NSCP

39
7/22/2017

Significant Changes to Chapter 2 
Minimum Design Loads 

 Near‐source factors are revised to consider 
distance to source <2 km to be distinct and with 
higher values
 Revision of magnitude limits for                       
Seismic Source Type A
 Use of spectral acceleration based on ASCE/SEI 7‐
10 is recognized as an alternative procedure for 
determining earthquake forces
 Rest of the Sections in Chapter 2 are unchanged 
with reference to NSCP 2010 6th Edition

THANK YOU

40

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