Science 7

Second Quarter – Module 1

Microscope and Its Parts

SIMPLIFIED MELC-BASED BUDGET OF LESSON

November 2 – 6, 2020
Performance Standard:
1. Employ appropriate techniques using the compound microscope to gather data about very
small objects.
Objective:
1. Identify parts of the microscope and their functions;
2. Explain how to focus specimens using the compound microscope.
Duration:
Week 1 (4 hours)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4

Do the activities in Read and study the Read and study the Do the Assessment in
“Let’s Get Started!” concepts found in concepts found in “Let’s Do This!”
“Let’s Process!” “Let’s Process!”
 Describe the picture GENYO QUIZ
shown. Parts of the Compound How to Use a
Microscope and Their Microscope Quiz #1
 Look for the given Functions  Identify the parts of
words in the word  Explain how to focus the microscope and
search activity.  Describe a specimens using a their functions.
microscope. microscope.
 Explain how to
 Explain the history of  Explain how to focus specimens
a compound handle and take care using a microscope.
microscope. a microscope.

 Identify the different Do the online activity

parts of a in “Let’s Practice!”
microscope.
 Identifying parts of
 Explain the functions the microscope and
of the different parts their functions.
of a microscope.

INTRODUCTION

The living environment consists of many different forms of life – from the simplest to the most
complex. For many years, human have been searching for tools or instruments that will aid them in
discovering something that cannot be seen by their naked eyes. In this module, you learn how the
discovery of the microscope has furthered biology as it enabled scientists to study organisms in
detail.

Observe the picture on the right.

  What instrument is shown in the picture?
____________________________________________________
 Are you familiar with this instrument?
____________________________________________________
 How is this instrument being used?
____________________________________________________

Find and encircle the

words listed on the right
in the word search box
below.

arm

diaphragm

light source

stage

base

eyepiece

low power objective

stage clips

body tube

fine adjustment

medium power objective

high power objective

nosepiece

MICROSCOPE
- instrument used to see organisms or objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
- it magnifies specimens several hundred times or more
- has magnifying parts, illuminating parts, and mechanical parts
- organisms/samples that are seen under a microscope is known as specimens
- the science of investigating very tiny organisms and small objects using the microscope is
called microscopy

HISTORY OF THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

- Ancient Romans discovered that, upon placing the glass on a small object, an enlarged image
of the small object is produced.
 - During the 13th century, spectacles were invented. These were called lenses, which came
from the Latin word lentil, because it is shaped like a lentil bean.
- In 1590s, Zacharias Janssen (1580-1638), a Dutch spectacle maker, was credited with
creating the very first microscope together with his father, Hans Janssen.
- Several years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was able to make a compound
microscope that had a higher magnification than early compound microscopes. He was
inspired by Robert Hooke’s book Micrographia, which included Hooke’s observations with a
small piece of cork.
- Leeuwenhoek developed ways to make superior lenses by grinding and polishing 550 lenses
to make his new lens tube, which can magnify the images of objects more than 200 times
their actual sizes.
- Leeuwenhoek’s version of the microscope enabled him to discover organisms such as bacteria
and microscopic protists.
PARTS OF THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Draw tube
Body tube
Arm

Inclination joint

Image source: https://studyhelpersblog.wordpress.com/microscopes/

PART FUNCTION
Eyepiece It allows the viewer to look at the enlarged image of the specimen.
Draw tube It supports the eyepiece
A hollow tube through which light travels. It connects the eyepiece
Body tube
to the objective lenses.
It allows the shifting of objectives from the low-power objectives to
Revolving nosepiece
the high-power objectives.
Coarse adjustment knob /
It focuses the specimen under the low-power objective.
Coarse focus knob
Fine adjustment knob / Fine
It focuses the specimen under the high-power objective.
focus knob
It allows you to hold the microscope to transfer the microscope
Arm
from one place to another.
Inclination joint It allows you to tilt the microscope into different angles.
Base It supports the entire body of the microscope.
Objectives It further magnifies an image under the microscope.
 Low-power objective (LPO)  The LPO allows you to see the general view of the specimen.
 High-power objective (HPO)  The HPO allows you to see the detailed parts of the specimen.
Stage This is where the glass slide is mounted.
Stage clip It holds the slide in place.
Iris adjustment / Diaphragm It regulates the amount of light that will pass through the stage.
Condenser Focuses the light on the specimen.
Mirror It reflects the light onto the specimen for viewing.
HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE
A microscope is a high quality instrument and should last 25-30 years if treated properly and with
care. Following these simple instructions will not only help you care for your microscope and keep it
in good working condition, but will also help you get the most out of your microscope.

1. When moving your microscope, always carry it with both hands (Figure 1, at right). Grasp the
arm with one hand and place the other hand under the base for support.
2. Turn the revolving nosepiece so that the lowest power objective lens is
"clicked" into position (This is also the shortest objective lens).
3. Your microscope slide should be prepared by placing a coverslip or cover
glass over the specimen. This will help protect the objective lenses if they touch
the slide.  Place the microscope slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage
clips.  You can push down on the back end of the stage clip to open it.
4. Look at the objective lens and the stage from the side (Figure 2, at right) and
turn the coarse focus knob so that the objective lens moves downward (or the
stage, if it moves, goes upward). Move it as far as it will go without touching
the slide!
5. Now, look through the eyepiece and adjust the illuminator (or mirror) and
diaphragm (Figure 3,at right) for the greatest amount of light.
6. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment so that the objective lens goes up (away
from the slide). Continue until the image comes into focus. Use the fine
adjustment, if available, for fine focusing.  If you have a microscope with a
moving stage, then turn the coarse knob so the stage moves downward or
away from the objective lens.
7. Move the microscope slide around so that the image is in the center of the field of view and
readjust the mirror, illuminator or diaphragm for the clearest image.
8. Now, you should be able to change to the next objective lens with only minimal use of the
focusing adjustment. Use the fine adjustment, if available. If you cannot focus on your
specimen, repeat steps 4 through 7 with the higher power objective lens in place.  Do not allow
the objective lens to touch the slide!
9. The proper way to use a monocular microscope is to look through the eyepiece with one eye
and keep the other eye open (this helps avoid eye strain). If you have to close one eye when
looking into the microscope, it's ok.  Remember, everything is upside down and backwards.
When you move the slide to the right, the image goes to the left!
10. Do not touch the glass part of the lenses with your fingers. Use only special lens paper to
clean the lenses.
11. When finished, raise the tube (or lower the stage), click the low power lens into position and
remove the slide.
12. Always keep your microscope covered when not in use. Dust is the number one enemy!
Remember, microscopes are expensive scientific instruments. Handle them properly and
carefully and they will last for many years!

Now that you have learned the different parts of the microscope and their functions, let us try
this online activity.
Please see this link:
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=microscope-parts-functions
(This is a short activity in connection with the different parts of a microscope)
 (GENYO QUIZ)
Go to this link https://www.genyo.com.ph/genyoportal/, and log in to your GENYO
account.
School ID: SPCORMOC
Task: Quiz #1 – Microscope and Its Parts
Password: microscope

*Reminders: You will be given 30 minutes to answer all questions in this test.
Do not forget to click “save” before you proceed to the next question.
“Submit” your answers when you are done.

a. Summary
 A microscope is an instrument that is used to observe objects that cannot be seen by
the naked eye.
 A microscope has magnifying parts, illuminating parts, and mechanical parts.
 The science of investigating small objects with the use of the microscope is known as
microscopy.
 The first ever microscope was created by Zacharias Janssen
 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was able to make a compound microscope that had a
higher magnification.
 Microscope must be handled and taken with care.

b. Reflection
 How valuable microscopes are?

REFERENCES

Books
Felicerta, C. N., & Pinar, L. B. (2018). Breaking Through Science 7 Second Edition. Quezon City: C
& E Publishing, Inc.
Papa, E. C. R., Moros, E. M., Pineda, M. G. F., & Gregorio, J. B. (2018). Practical Science 7.
Makati City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC.
Websites
https://microscope-microscope.org/microscope-info/how-to-use-a-microscope/
https://studyhelpersblog.wordpress.com/microscopes/
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fstudyhelpersblog.wordpress.com
%2Fmicroscopes
%2F&psig=AOvVaw0LDl9gkCkqG8yF2qqBxyhK&ust=1603759820793000&source=images&c
d=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCOCswYmF0ewCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAi
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=microscope-parts-functions

Disclaimer: The school and the teachers do not claim any rights or ownership of the information found in the
learning packet or module. It is a compilation from different resources, which is listed in the reference section.
This is solely for educational purposes only.
Science 7
Second Quarter – Module 1
Microscope and Its Parts
Name of Student: _____________________________________ Grade Level: ____________________
Name of Teacher: _____________________________________ Section: ________________________

ANSWER SHEET

REFLECTION:
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