Hazard Identification & Risk

Assessment (HIRA)

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 Objectives of HIRA

• To identify all 6 types of hazards exist in working

places/project
• To assess the level of risk of hazards
• To prevent or control risk of hazards

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 Techniques of hazard identification
1. Job safety analysis (JSA)

2. Work Safety Inspection (WSI)

3. Workplace Assessment (WPA)

4. Accident Investigation and Analysis

5. Safety Audit

6. Occupational Hygiene Study

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 1. Job safety analysis (JSA) :
 Job safety/hazard analysis is an accident
prevention technique.

 It should be used in conjunction with the

development of job safety instructions.

 It identifies Safe systems of work and

recommends job safety training.

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 Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

 JSA observe and analyze the hazards in each activities

of job.
 Measures the risk in each activities of the job.
 JSA calculate the risk score to priorities the risk level.
 JSA recommend the prevention and control measures
for Elimination/reduction/minimization of risk level.

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 2. Work Safety Inspection
 Review of Existing policy, plan and procedure
 Review of accident (Near miss and Mishap) data
 Review of accident investigation report
 Review the vehicle safety inspection report
 Walkthrough visit of all location
 Interview of workers, supervisor and managers
 Identify the unsafe acts and unsafe conditions
 Observe defective machines and equipment, work areas which may
cause accidents.
 Recommend immediate action for prevention of accidents
 Prepare report with plan of action

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 3. Workplace Assessment

 Review the process/ activities/ jobs/ locations

 Preparation of process Flow chart
 Sampling and Measurement of hazards level
 Compare with standards
 Cause analysis to find out root causes
 Recommendations to prevent and control hazards
 Prepare report with plan of action
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 4. Accident investigation and analysis

• Find out who, whom and where

• Find out root cause of accident

– Detail observation of site

– Interview with witness/supervisor/manager

• Recommend for never repetition of such kinds of
accidents

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 5. Safety Audit
 Compliance Audit based on Labour Act 2074 and Labour Regulation
2075
 System Audit based on ISO 45001, OSH Management System
 Assess the implementation status of each clauses of act and
regulation
 Assess the effectiveness of safety implementation.
 Accident Record (trend analysis)
 Absenteeism and ill health record
 Compliance monitoring report (National standard based)

 Conduction of meeting and training before and in between audit

process.
 Preparation of safety audit report with plan of action

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6. Occupational Hygiene Study

 It is an important tool to evaluate the

effectiveness of occupational hygiene facility
of the project
 Personal Hygiene (health and sanitation)
 Chemical Exposure (solid, liquid, gas, fumes,
mist)
 Fumes/Dust/gases monitoring and analysis
 Comparison with national and international
standards
 Recommendation for elimination / substitution
/engineering control/ admin control/PPE 10
 Evaluate the identified hazards
• Visualization
Generally physiological and mechanical hazards are visualized by
making VDO’s or pictures
• Instrumentation
Physical and chemical hazards are evaluated by workplace
monitoring equipment's
Noise: Noise Level Meter
Light : Lux Meter
Heat: WBGT Meter
Air Movement : Anemometer
Dust: Personal Sampler or Digital dust meter
Gases: Digital Gas Monitor

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 Evaluate the identified hazards

• Data and record analysis

Psychosocial, physiological hazards are evaluate by:
– Absenteeism record
– Ill health record
– Complain record

• Interview and discussion

Psychosocial, physiological hazards are also evaluate by:
– Interview with workers, supervisors, managers
– Group discussion
– Expert discussion
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 Assess Risk
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be
harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to
a hazard.
• Combination of likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous
event or exposures and the severity of injury or ill health that
can be caused by the event or exposures.

Risk Assessment
• A formalized process of identifying hazards, assessing
the risk that they generate and then either eliminating
or controlling the risk is a risk Assessment.

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 Five Simple steps of Risk Assessment

1. Identify the hazards

2. Identify the people who might be harmed and how

3. Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions

4. Record the significant findings and implement them

5. Review and update as necessary

 Risk Assessment
Identify Hazards

Assess Consequences Assess Probability

Assess Risk (Risk Score)

Monitor

Evaluate Risk

Prevent/Control Hazard
 The Risk Score
= Severity x Likelihood

Severity : The most probable result of accident

Likelihood : Probability that accident sequence

Likelihood
1= extremely unlikely (if there is a 1 in a million chance of
Severity hazardous event happening).
1= Very minor injury 2= Unlikely (if there is a 1 in 100,000 chance of hazardous event
2= first aid injury happening).
3= lost time injury 3= Possible (if there is a 1 in 10,000 chance of hazardous event
4- Hospital treatment happening).
5= disabling injury 4= Likely (if there is a 1 in 1000 chance of hazardous event
happening).
5= Very Probable (if there is a 1 in 100 chance of hazardous event
happening).
 Risk level ( According to BS)
 Very low
 Low
 Medium
 High
 Very High

Note- BS:- British Standard.

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Severity of Harm (according to BS)

 Slightly harm

 Harmful

 Extremely harmful

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Likelihood of Harm (according to BS) :

 Very likely

 Likely

 Unlikely

 Very unlikely

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Exposure (History) :

 Frequently

 Once in week/months

 Rare

 Never

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 Risk Assessment by the British Standards
Organization

Likelihood of Severity of Harm

Harm
Slight Harm Moderate Harm Extreme Harm

High risk
Very unlikely Very low risk Very low risk

Unlikely Very low risk Medium risk Very high risk

Very high risk

Likely Low risk High risk

Very high risk

Very likely Low risk Very high risk

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 Risk Matrix

5 10 15 20 25
4 8 12 16 20
3 6 9 12 15
Severity
2 4 6 8 10
1 2 3 4 5

Likelihood

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Risk Rating Action and timescale
Unacceptable
15 and above Work may not start. Additional controls must be introduced to
reduce below 9.
Tolerance
9 to 14 Additional controls must be introduced as soon as possible and
no later than 24 hrs after assessment
Tolerance
5 to 8
Must be reduced to below 5 within one week
Acceptable
4 or below If simple action can reduce further then must be done within
one week

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 Risk Assessment Form

Department: RA Leader: Reference

Approved by:
Member
Process: RA Member 1:
Signature:
Location: RA Member 2:

Original Assessment date: RA Member 3: Name:

Last review date: RA Member 4: Designation:

Next Review date RA Member 5: Date:

Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control

Possible Existing
Work Additional Implementation Due
Ref Hazard injury/ill risk S L RS S L RS Remarks
Activity Controls Person Date
health controls

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THANK YOU

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