Triangles

 A triangle is a plane
rectilinear figure with 3 sides.
 A right-angled triangle has
one angle 90o. The side
opposite the right angle is
called the hypotenuse.
 An equilateral triangle has 3
equal sides and angles.
 An isosceles triangle has 2
equal sides and angles.
 A scalene triangle has 3
unequal sides and angles

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To Construct Any Triangle Given the
Length of All The Sides
 Draw one side AB
 With centre A and a
radius of one of the
remaining sides draw an
arc.
 With centre B and a
radius of the remaining
side draw an arc to
intersect the previous
one at C.
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To draw Triangle When Given Two
Sides and the Included Angle
 Draw one side AB
 Construct the included
angle CAB
 With centre A and a
radius of the other given
side draw an arc to cut
AC at D
 Join AD and DB.
 DAB is the required angle

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The Circle
A circle is a plane figure
bounded by a curved line
called the circumference,
which is always equidistant
from the centre
A diameter is a straight line
drawn through the centre,
meeting the circumference
at both ends
A radius is a straight line
drawn from the centre to
the circumference
An arc is any part of the
circumference
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Circle Contd.
 A chord is any straight line
drawn across the circle, meeting
the circumference at both ends
 A tangent is a straight line which
touches the circumference. It is
always at right angles to the
radius
 A segment is part of a circle
bounded by an arc and a chord
 A sector is part of a circle
bounded by two radii and an arc
 A quadrant is part of a circle
bounded by two radii at right
angle and an arc
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Circle contd.

 Concentric circles have

the same centre but
different radii
 Eccentric circles have
different centres

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To Inscribe A Square in A Circle
 Draw the given circle
 Draw the diameters AB
and CD at right angle to
each other
 Draw lines AC, CB, BD
and DA, to complete
the square

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To Inscribe An Equilateral Triangle in A
Circle
 Draw the given circle
 Take the radius of the
circle and step off six
times on the
circumference
 Join every second point
on the circumference to
complete the
equilateral triangle

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To Find the Centre of A Circle

 Draw any two chords

AB and AC
 Bisect AB and AC. The
bisecting lines intersect
at O, which is the centre
of the circle

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To Draw A Circumscribed Circle To A
Given Triangle
 Draw the given triangle
ABC
 Bisect any two sides.
The bisecting lines
intersect at O, which is
the centre of the
required circle
 With centre O and
radius OA draw the
circle which will also
pass through B and C
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To Draw An Inscribed Circle To A given
Triangle
 Draw the given triangle
ABC
 Bisect any two angles.
The bisecting lines will
intersect at O, which is
the centre of the circle
 Draw a perpendicular to
any side from O
 With centre O and radius
OD draw the required
circle

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To Draw A Circle or An Arc of Given Radius To Touch
two Given Converging Lines

 Draw the given lines AB

and AC
 Draw lines parallel to AB
and AC at a distance
equal to the radius of the
required circle, to
intersect at O
 Draw a line perpendicular
to AB from O (line OD)
 With centre O and radius
OD draw the arc
To draw a Circle of Given Radius to Touch a
Given Straight Line and Circle
 Draw the given straight line
AB and circle with centre O
 Draw a line parallel to AB at
a distance equal to the
radius of the required circle
 Take the length, radius of
required circle + radius of
given circle, and with O as a
centre draw an arc to cut
the parallel line at C
 With centre C and radius CD
draw the required circle

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Draw a Circle To Touch Three Given Lines
 Draw the three given lines
 Bisect the two angles. The
bisecting lines intersect at
O, the centre of the
required circle
 Draw a line (OA)
perpendicular to any side
from O
 With centre O and radius
OA draw the required
circle

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To Construct a Tangent to a Circle at a Given Point on
the Circumference
 Draw the circle with
centre O. Indicate the
given point P
 Extend a line from OP
outwards
 With centre P and radius
OP draw an arc to cut the
extended line at A
 Bisect OA. The bisector
BC is the required
tangent

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To Construct a Tangent to a Circle from a Given Point Outside
it

 Draw the circle with centre

O. Indicate the given point P
 Draw line OP
 Construct a semicircle on
OP to cut the circle at A
 Extend a line from P
through A. This is the
required tangent

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Quadrilaterals
 A quadrilateral is a 4-sided plane
figure
 A square has 4 equal sides. All angles
are right angles
 A rectangle has its opposite sides
equal, and all its angles are right
angles
 A rhombus has all its sides equal. Its
angles are other than right angles
 A parallelogram has its opposite sides
equal. Its angles are other than right
angles
 A trapezium has 2 opposite sides
parallel
 A trapezoid has 4 unequal sides and
angles
 A deltoid or kite has its adjacent pairs
of sides of equal length
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