Instruction Manual

BODY COMPOSITION ANALYZER

Model No.: TBF-400

REMOTE DISPLAY VERSION COLUMN MOUNTED VERSION

<Usage Conditions> <Storage Conditions>

Temperature Range : 41 to 95˚F / 5 to 35˚C Temperature Range : 14 to 140˚F / -10 to 60˚C
Relative Humidity Range : 30 to 80% Relative Humidity Range : 10 to 90%
(non-condensing) (non-condensing)
Max Altitude : 6,500ft ASL (2,000m ASL) Atmospheric Pressure Range: 70 to 106kPa
Atomospheric Pressure Range: 86 to 106kPa To avoid malfunctions, avoid storing the equipment in a place with direct sunlight,
significant temperature changes, a risk of dampness, a large amount of dust or a
risk of vibration or impact, or in the vicinity of flames.

Please read this Instruction Manual carefully and keep it for future reference.
 Intended Use
Tanita Body Composition Analyzers have been clinically proven to be accurate, reliable and
provide highly repeatable results. Our Analyzers are used worldwide by health, research
and medical professionals primarily in the following fields:
- medical screening and health assessments of adults and children
- monitoring the progress of weight loss during medical treatment relating to lifestyle
diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, bariatric surgery, hypertension and fatty liver
disease.
- monitoring increases of muscle mass, reduction of body fat and hydration levels as part of
a fitness or training program
- assessing the true effectiveness of nutrition and physical activity programs where body
mass index cannot identify key changes in body composition
- collating subject data for large cohort research studies

The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer is indicated for use in the measurement of weight
and impedance, and the estimation of body mass index (BMI), total body fat percent and
weight, total body water percent and weight, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and fat free mass
(FFM), using BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis).
The device is indicated for use for healthy children 7 to 17years old and healthy adults with
active, moderately active, to inactive lifestyles. For subjects 17 years old and younger, only
fat % is displayed.

Efficacy
This product has been specifically designed to be simple to use and required no additional
user assistance to take a measurement.
Measurements can be taken in under 30 seconds for maximum convenience.

2
Contents
Before Use
For Your Safety..........................................................4
Part Names & Connection Procedure........................8
Setting the Printer Paper.........................................10
Setting an SD card/Positioning the Scale...............11
Power Supply...........................................................12
Settings....................................................................13

How to Use
Taking a Measurement............................................15
Body Composition Mode............................................... 15
Measurement Results................................................... 17
Scale Mode................................................................... 19
Various Criteria........................................................20
What is body fat percentage?........................................ 20
What is total body water percentage?........................... 21
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?............................. 21
Output and Storage of Measurement Results........22

If Necessary
Troubleshooting.......................................................28
Technical Notes.......................................................29
The Regression Formula for
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)...................................32
Specifications..........................................................34

3
 For Your Safety
This section explains precautionary measures to be taken to avoid injury to the users of this device
and others, and to prevent damage to property. Please familiarize yourself with this information to
Before Use

ensure safe operation of this equipment.

Warning Failure to follow instructions highlighted with this mark could result in
death or severe injury.

Caution Failure to follow instructions highlighted with this mark could result in
injury or damage to property.

This mark indicates actions that are prohibited.

This mark indicates instructions that must always be followed.

Warning
This equipment must not be used on subjects with pacemakers or other
mechanical implants.
This equipment passes a weak electrical current through the body which
could interfere with and cause the malfunction of electrical medical implants,
resulting in serious harm.

Do not handle the plug with wet hands.

This may result in electric shock, fire, or leakage.

Prohibited Keep this equipment away from flammable gas and oxygen-rich
environments.

Do not modify this equipment in any way.

This can cause electric shock or injury, or affect the accuracy of analysis.

Do not use a multi-plug adapter.

This may cause fire.

4
 Caution

Before Use
Keep away from water.

Avoid using on subjects with metal allergies.

Allergic reactions may be caused by the stainless steel used in the electrodes of this device.

Do not jump on the equipment.

Do not lean on the equipment.

Do not use this equipment near other products that emit electromagnetic waves.

Prohibited Do not insert fingers into gaps or holes.

Do not apply force to the display.

The screen panel may break and cause injury.

Assist persons with disabilities or children under 15 years old.

A person who is familiar with the device should assist persons with disabilities or children under
15 years old who may not be able to take measurements alone.

Clean the scale platform with appropriate disinfectant after each use.

Stand clear of the subject during measurement to ensure accuracy.

Continually monitor both the subject and the equipment for anomalies.
If an anomaly in the subject or equipment is discovered,take appropriate action, such as stopping
the equipment, while ensuring the safety of the subject.

Use the included AC adapter.

Do not lean against the equipment.

Unplug the AC cord from the equipment when moving it.

Tighten the adjustable feet when moving the equipment.

Always… Interpretation of analysis results (e.g. evaluation of measurements and formulation of

exercise programs based on results) must be performed by a professional.
Weight loss measures and exercise based on self-analysis could be harmful to your health.
Always follow the advice of a qualified professional.

This equipment is designated a Class B IT device (mainly for systems intended to be used
in internal environments) and is CE (EMC) certified, but it may affect devices that are
sensitive to electromagnetic waves.
If connecting a computer or peripheral devices to this equipment, please use devices complying
with IEC60601-1 (EN60601-1). Power must be supplied from a medical isolation transformer for
IEC60950 (EN60950) devices. Keep a distance of 4.9ft (1.5m) between units during operation.
Failure to do so may cause electric shock to subjects or malfunction.

5
 For Accurate Measurements
Before Use

Avoid measuring after strenuous exercise.

This may cause inaccurate measurements. Please take measurements after sufficient rest.

Avoid measuring after excessive food or fluid intake or when dehydrated.

This may cause inaccurate measurements. For greater accuracy, avoid using directly
after waking up. Use at the same time on each occasion, at least three hours after a meal.

Ensure inner thighs are not touching each other during measurement.
If necessary, place a dry towel between thighs.

Do not take measurements while using transmitting devices, such as mobile phones, which may affect
readings.

Use the equipment under the same conditions and in the same position as much
as possible for accurate tracking of changes.
Readings are affected by the level of hydration and position of the body. Please use at the
same time of day each time, under the same conditions and in the same body position.

Avoid measuring in multiple locations with greatly differing temperatures.

This may cause inaccurate measurements. Allow the equipment to stand for at least
2 hours before using if it is moved to a new location with a temperature difference of
36°F (20°C) or more.

Make sure the soles of feet are free of excess dirt, as this may block the mild electric current.

Bare feet should be placed correctly on the electrode platform.

Place arms straight down during measurement.

Use in a stable location.

Errors in measurements may occur if the device is used in an unstable location.

Do not wipe the equipment with corrosive chemicals (gasoline, cleaner, etc.). Please use a neutral
detergent to clean the equipment.

6
 Scheduled Maintenance

Before Use
TANITA recommends that each facility conduct periodic checks of each unit.
1. Check the following at least daily:
• The unit is on a stable and level surface on a firm flooring, not on a thick carpet
• Date and time settings
2. Visually inspect the following at least weekly:
• The display for any damage or contamination
• All cables, cords, and connector ends for damage or contamination
• All safety-related labeling for legibility
• All accessories (electrodes, etc.) for wear or damage
3. Visually inspect the following at least monthly:
• Mounting screws on stand

Update settings, replace items, or call for service as necessary according to the results of the visual
inspections. Do not use the unit if you see any signs of damage. Equipment that has been damaged
must be checked for proper operation by qualified personnel before using again.

7
 Part Names & Connection Procedure
Remote display version Column mounted version
Before Use

Control Box
Printer cover

Control box

Display

Operating key Column

SD card slot

RS-232C

Platform

USB DC jack for AC adapter

*RS-232C and USB are mutually exclusive.
Connecting to the Power Supply
Platform Adjustable supporting
feet ×2
Electrode
(4 positions)

Feet x 4

Symbols and their Meanings

Accessories
Positive polarity Serial number ✓ CD-ROM (This manual)
AC adapter
Alternating current Direct current

WEEE - Waste Electrical

Input, Output and Electronic
Equipment Directives
Caution
Refer to the attached For indoor use only
notes. AC cord
Printer paper
SD card See the instructions

Serial interface Manufacture

*The SD logo is a registered trademark of the SD Association.

8
Display and Keys

Before Use
Meanings of the LED Indicators and Keys

Turn ON / OFF the power Display Body Fat (percentage and mass)

Display Fat Free Mass (percentage and mass)

Feeds the printer paper

Display Body Water (percentage and mass)

Set various functions
Display Basal
Display Body Mass Index
Metabolic Rate
Reset zero point
Indicate to step on
Select the body type from “Standard mode” or
Set preset value “Athletic mode”
(Clothes weight)
Select the gender from “Male” or “Female”
Enter the age between “7 to 99 years”
Select measurement mode
Enter the height between “3’0.0” to 7’11.5”/90.0 to
249.9cm”

Select measurement display Confirms the entered numerical value.

9
 Setting the Printer Paper
Setting the Printer Paper
Before Use

1
(1) Turn the power OFF and push the ②
③
handle on the left hand side of the
controller. ①

(2) Open the printer cover.

(3) Set the printer paper in place.
④
Peel off the adhesive and pull out approximately
4in (10cm) of paper from the printer paper.
(4) Replace the printer cover to its
original place.

2 Press to turn on the device.

After all the indicators are displayed,
displayed.
is

If the device is turned on with the printer cover open,

is displayed.

3 Press . The printer paper is cut

automatically, and the settings are
completed.
Paper is not automatically cut when ‘Auto Cut’ is set to
‘Off’.

Note
Cutting automatically setting → See P.13 setting4

10
Setting an SD Card/
Positioning the Scale
Setting an SD Card

Before Use
1
When the power is turned OFF, insert
an SD card into the slot with the logo
side facing upwards.
Make sure the card is facing in the correct direction
when inserting it.

2 Press to turn on the device.

3 When the device detects the SD card,

the mark on the right appears in the
upper left corner of the screen.
Be sure to insert and remove the SD card when the
device power is off to avoid damaging the SD card.

Note
Compatible with SD and SDHC memory cards
Not compatible with SDXC memory cards

Positioning the Scale

To obtain the highest level of accuracy, please make sure that all
four (4) feet are touching the floor evenly.
For further accuracy and security, position the two adjustable
supporting feet until they just make contact with the floor (do
not overextend).
(1) (2) (3) (4)

11
 Power Supply
Turning the Main Power ON/OFF
Before Use

Turning the main power ON.

Press the key to turn on the power.
The initial screen is displayed.

Turning the main power OFF.

Press the key to turn on the power off.

Emergency Shut Down

Keep the area around the plug socket clear
during operation of the equipment in case
of an emergency.

12
Settings

Before Use
1 Press the key to change the mode.
The setting screen is displayed.

Note
•The key cannot be used when the scale is measuring weight or results are displayed
while standing on the platform after measurment.

2 Select the setting item from the list below.

Enter numerical values and Press the
Setting item List 
key.
→ Save changes and return
→ Correct input number or cancel

0 Check the software version 11 Automatic determination time of input information

(0-9 second(s)) (Default: 0)
1 Date and time * 0: Disables this function
* Date and time → *See Note below
16 Unit change
2 Number to be printed automatically (0: off (kg) 1: on (lb)) (Default: 1)
(0-3 sheet(s)) (Default: 1)
18 Target body fat ratio input
4 Cutting automatically (0: off 1: on) (Default: 0)
(0: off 1: on) (Default: 1)
19 Printout language
5 Beep sound (1: English 2: French 3. Spanish) (Default: 1)
(0: off 1: on) (Default: 1)
20 Printout contents
7 ID number (Automatic count up) (1: full 2: short) (Default: 1)
(0: off 1: on) (Default: 1)
21 Timeout function of result display
8 Measurement flow (0: disable 1: enable) (Default: 1)
(0: off Two step flow / Measure body weight first
1: on One step flow / Enter personal info first) 23 BMR kJ unit display ON/OFF
(Default: 0) (0: off 1: on) (Default: 0)
* Measurement flow → See P.15
45–68 Printing item settings
9 Body type selection (Athletic mode) (0: off 1: on) → See P.23
(0: off 1: on) (Default: 1)
* Athletic mode → See P.15&P.27 80 SD Card mode
→ See P.26
10 Height input unit
(0: off 0.1cm increments
1: on 1cm increments) (Default: 1)

Note
Enter the year, month, day, hour and minute.
The date format is “yyyy mm dd hh:mm”
(Date input range: 2015 01 01 00:00 to 2099 12 31 23:59)
Example 3:45 pm, 10th April, 2015
“2015” “04 10” “15:45”
To enter a number with 1 digit (0 to 9), press “0” first.

13
 Settings (continued)
Select the Measurement Mode
Before Use

Select the measurement mode by pressing the key.

Body Composition Mode
The measurement mode is switched in
the following order when the
key is pressed:

“Body Composition”

“Scale”

The “ ” mark is displayed Scale Mode

when the scale mode is selected.

14
Taking a Measurement
Body Composition Mode ( Two step flow
Measure body weight first )

How to Use
Enter the preset tare value (clothes weight)
Turn the power on, and check that the
“ ” mark is displayed.
Enter the preset tare value (clothes weight)
The tare value range is 0.0 to 20.0lb (0.0 to 10.0kg)

2 Enter ID number
If the ID number function is set to OFF, the scale switches
directly to “Measure body weight” without requesting an
ID number.
If the ID number is set to ON, ID number will be increased
automatically.
To change ID number manually, press and enter the preferred ID number.
The ID number range: 0 to 9999999999999999
Note ID number setting → See P.13 setting 7

3 Measure body weight

Step onto the platform with bare feet, after “ ” flashes.
“ ” is displayed when you have entered a tare value
(clothes weight).
The “stabilized” icon ( ) appears when the load is stable.
Note
When the One step flow is selected, enter personal information first.
→ See P.13 Setting 8
If the scale does not detect a load, press to switch to “Input tare value”.
If the scale detects the load, press to display the entered tare value.

4 Select body type

If the body type selection (Athletic mode) is set to OFF,
the scale switches directly to “Select gender” without
requesting a body type.
The “ ” mark is displayed when the Athletic mode is
selected.
Note Athletic mode setting → See P.13 Setting 9
Athlete condition → See P.27

15
 Taking a Measurement (continued)
Body Composition Mode

5
How to Use

Select gender

6 Enter age

The age range: 7 to 99

7 Enter height

The height range:

3’0.0” to 7’11.5”/90.0 to 249.9cm
Note Height input unit setting → See P.13 setting 10

8 Set target body fat ratio

If the target body fat ratio function is set to OFF, the scale
switches directly to “Measuring impedance” without
entering the target value.
The body fat ratio range: 4 to 55 %
Note Target Body Fat ratio input → See P.13 setting 18

9 Measuring body composition

The scale starts measuring impedance after you have
entered all of the personal information.
Wait until “ ” is displayed, and remain standing while
measuring. <Child>
The measurement is complete when all “ ” disappear.
The scale displays the measurement results after measuring
the whole body impedance.

The next measuring starts by pressing . <Adult>

16
Measurement Results
Output Measurement Results (Body Composition Mode)

How to Use
The measurement results are displayed on the LCD after
measurement is completed.
The results are output to the PC immediately after measurement is
completed.

Press the key to select the measurement display.

The measurement display is switched in the following order by
pressing the key.
“Fat” → “FFM” → “Body Water” → “BMR” → “BMI”

Body Fat (Applicable age: 7 to 99)

Body weight
Body fat mass

Body fat %

Body fat icon

Fat Free Mass (FFM) (Applicable age: 7 to 99)

Body weight
Fat Free Mass

17
 Taking a Measurement (continued)
Measurement Results
How to Use

Total Body Water (TBW) (Applicable age: 18 to 99)

Body weight
Body water

Body water %

Body water icon

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) (Applicable age: 18 to 99)

Body weight

BMR (kcal)

BMR icon
*Basal metabolic rate level compared to the general population.
Note BMR kJ unit display ON/OFF setting → See P.13 setting 23

Body Mass Index (BMI) (Applicable age: 7 to 99)

Body weight

Body height
BMI

BMI icon

18
Scale Mode
The “ ” icon is displayed when the scale mode is selected.

How to Use
1 Enter the ID number
If the ID number function is set to OFF, the scale starts
measuring weight immediately.
If the ID number is set to ON, ID number will be increased
automatically.
To change ID number manually, press and enter the
preferred ID number.
The ID number range is from 0 to 9999999999999999.

Press to enter tare value (clothes weight).

The tare value range is 0.0 to 20.0lb (0.0 to 10.0kg).
Note ID number setting → See P.13 setting 7

2 Measure body weight

Step onto the platform, after “ ” flashes.

“ ” is displayed when you have entered a tare value

(clothes weight).

The “Stabilized” icon ( ) appears when the load is stable.

The “Stabilized” icon ( ) disappears when the load is unstable.

When the load is stable, the measurement results are output via the USB port
and stored on an SD card.

19
 Various Criteria
- What is body fat percentage? (Applicable age 7 to 99)
Body fat percentage is the amount of body fat as a proportion of your body weight.
How to Use

Reducing excess levels of body fat has shown to reduce the risk of certain conditions such as high blood
pressure, heart disease,diabetes and cancer. The chart below shows the healthy ranges for body fat.

Healthy Range Indicator

Your Body Composition Analyzer automatically compares your body fat percentage reading to the
Healthy Body Fat Range chart. After your body fat percentage has been calculated, the bar on the left side
of the LCD will light up, identifying where you fall within the Body Fat Ranges for your age and gender.

(+): Overfat and Obese

Overfat; above the healthy range. Increased risk for health problems.
Obese; high above the healthy body fat range.
Greatly increased risk of obesity-related health problems.

(0): Healthy; within the healthy body fat percentage range for your age/gender.

( - ): Underfat; below the healthy body fat range. Increased risk for health problems.

*Note: Athletes may have a lower body fat range depending on their particular sport or
activity.

20
- What is total body water percentage? (Applicable age 18 to 99)
Total Body Water Percentage is the total amount of fluid in a person’s body expressed as a percentage

How to Use
of their total weight.
Water plays a vital role in many of the body’s processes and is found in every cell, tissue and organ.
Maintaining a healthy total body water percentage will ensure the body functions efficiently and will
reduce the risk of developing associated health problems.
Your body water levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day and night. Your body tends to be
dehydrated after a long night and there are differences in fluid distribution between day and night. Eating
large meals, drinking alcohol, menstruation, illness, exercising, and bathing may cause variations in your
hydration levels.
Your body water percentage reading should act as a guide and should not be used to specifically
determine your absolute recommended total body water percentage. It is important to look for long-term
changes in total body water percentage and maintain a consistent, healthy total body water percentage.
Drinking a large quantity of water in one sitting will not instantly change your water level. In fact, it will
increase your body fat reading due to the additional weight gain. Please monitor all readings over time to
track the relative change.
Every individual varies but as a guide the average total body water percentage ranges for a healthy adult are:
Female: 45 to 60%
Male: 50 to 65%
Source: Based on Tanita’s Internal Research
Note: The total body water percentage will tend to decrease as the percentage of body fat increases. A
person with a high percentage of body fat may fall below the average body water percentage. As you lose
body fat the total body water percentage should gradually move towards the typical range given above.

- What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)? (Applicable age 18 to 99)

What is BMR?
Your Basal Metabolic Rate(BMR) is the minimum level of energy your body needs when at rest to function
effectively including your respiratory and circulatory organs, neural system, liver, kidneys, and other
organs. You burn calories when sleeping.
About 70% of calories consumed every day are used for your basal metabolism. In addition, energy is
used when doing any kind of activity however; the more vigorous the activity is the more calories are
burned. This is because skeletal muscle (which accounts for approximately 40% of your body weight) acts
as your metabolic engine and uses a large amount of energy. Your basal metabolism is greatly affected
by the quantity of muscles you have, therefor increasing your muscle mass will help increase your basal
metabolism.
By studying healthy individuals, scientists have found that as people age, their metabolic rate changes.
Basal metabolism rises as a child matures. After a peak at the age of 16 or 17, it typically starts to decrease
gradually.
Having a higher basal metabolism will increase the number of calories used and help to decrease the
amount of body fat. A low basal metabolic rate will make it harder to lose body fat and overall weight.

How does a Tanita body composition analyzer caluclate BMR?

The basic way of calculating Basal Metabolic Rate BMR is a standard equation using weight and age.
Tanita has conducted in-depth research into the relationship of BMR and body composition giving a much
more accurate and personalized reading for the user based on the impedance measurement. This method
has been medically validated using indirect calorimetry (measuring the breath composition).*
* Reliability on equation for Basal Metabolic Rate: At 2002 Nutrition Week: A Scientific and Clinical Forum and Exposition
Title: International Comparison: Resting Energy Expenditure Prediction Models: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

21
 Output and Storage of
Measurement Results
Data Output
Outputting measurement results via the USB or RS
How to Use

The results are output to the PC immediately after measurement is completed.

Data is output in CSV format.
• USB connector (Type B 4 - pin female) and RS-232C are located on the back of the control box.
• Please provide your own cable as necessary as none are included.
USB cable: Type A 4 - pin (male) - Type B 4 - pin (male)
• You must install the neccessary driver on to your PC, available download from:
http://www.tanita.com
• RS-232C and USB are mutually exclusive.

Data Storage
Data storage of measurement results
The results are saved to the SD card immediately after measurement is completed.
The icon is displayed when a valid SD card is inserted.
A new file is created on the SD card for each day.
The file is created using the measurement date and time as the file name, as shown below.
“YYYYMMDD” (year, month and date)
If “error 12” is shown in the display, this indicates that there is not enough free space
left on the SD card.
You can store approximately 10,000 measurement results (weight only mode) on a 2GB
SD card.
• Do not remove the SD card when it is storing or reading data.
• Do not turn off the main power when the SD card is storing or reading data.

22
Printing Data

How to Use
Number Items Default
45 Fat Mass 1.on
46 Fat Free Mass 1.on
48 Total Body Water Mass 1.on
50 Basal Metaboric Rate (BMR) 1.on
54 BMI 1.on
58 Desirable Range Fat % & Fat Mass 1.on
59 Total Body Water % 1.on
60 Graph Fat % 1.on
61 Graph BMI 1.on
64 Graph BMR 1.on
67 Bioelectrical data 1.on
68 TANITA Logo 1.on

Note 0: off, 1: on

Printing Measurement Results

The results are printed from the printer immediately after measurement is completed.
The number of sheets that are printed is set in .

23
 Output and Storage of
Measurement Results (continued)
Lists of Contents of the Print Item Preset
How to Use

Body composition analyzer

Print item
Full Short Scale
Body Type Standard Athletic Child Standard Athletic Child
TANITA LOGO ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Category Name ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Model Number ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Date and Time ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ID No ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Body Type ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Gender ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Age ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Height ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Clothes Weight ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Weight ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Fat % ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Fat Mass ✓ ✓ ✓
Fat Free Mass ✓ ✓ ✓
Total Body Water Mass ✓ ✓
Total Body Water % ✓ ✓
Basal Metabolic Rate ✓ ✓
BMI ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Desirable Range ✓ ✓ ✓
Target Fat % *1 *1 *1 *1 *1 *1
Indicator Fat % ✓ ✓
Indicator BMI ✓ ✓
Indicator BMR ✓ ✓
Bioelectrical Data ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
See P.25 for an example of preset print.
*1: These items are not default.

24
In the Case to Select the Print Item Preset
“Body Composition Analyzer - full - Standard”

How to Use
ID
• When it is set with an ID, it is printed
Category name out.

Weight
Fat %
• Measured weight.
• Fat % is amount of body fat as a
proportion of body weight.
Fat mass
• Total weight of fat mass in the body. FFM
• Fat Free Mass is comprised of muscle,
bone, tissue, water, and all other fat
TBW%*
free mass in the body.

BMR* TBW*
• Basal Metabolic Rate represents the • Total Body Water is the amount of
total energy expended by the body to water retained in the body. TBW is
maintain normal functions at rest such said to comprise between 50% to 70%
as respiration and circulation. of total body weight. Generally, men
tend to have higher water weight than
women due to a greater amount of
muscle.

BMI
• Calculated with “weight (kg) /
height(m)2”

The desirable range is for the Standard

mode. In the case of the Athletic mode,
the standard value is just a reference.
Bioelectrical data And for those who are 17 years old
• The Resistance Reactance table or younger, only the body fat % is
indicates measurements for the displayed as the standard value.
impedance flow at each of the single
frequency signal.

*18 to 99 yaers only

Please consult your doctor before you start a body weight management program. Tanita is not responsible
for the target body fat ratio.

25
 Output and Storage of
Measurement Results (continued)
Reading Stored Measurement Result Data

1
How to Use

Press the key while the display is

on, and select the setting 80.
Make sure the SD card is inserted.

Enter the measurement date (YYYYMMDD)

using the keypad, then press the Enter key
and “oPEn” lights.
When there is no data matching with the
entered date, “F-nonE” is displayed.

2 When a file is present, the ID and measurement date and

time of the data saved at the beginning of the file are
alternately displayed.

(1) P
 ress the key, and the ID and
measurement date and time of the data
saved below are alternately displayed.
(2) Press the Enter key, and Body weight,
Pt (Clothes weight) and Body Fat % are
displayed.
*Press the CE key to return to one higher level.

26
General Instructions for Body Composition Measurement

How to Use
Athletic Mode
• Recommended for those who are 18 years or older and meet the following conditions.
- People who carry out 12 hours or more of cardiovascular exercise a week.
- People who belong to a sport team or a sport organization with the aim of participation in competition, etc.
- People who are professional athletes.

Target Body Fat

• A target body fat % should be set by a professional only. Tanita is not responsible for setting the
appropriate target body fat % for specific individuals.

Attention
• Posture when measuring
- Stand with both feet parallel on the electrodes.
- Stand without bending knees.
• The age input range is 7 to 99 years old.
Input age 99 for those who are 100 years or older.

Note
•Inaccurate results may be reported after excessive food/fluid intake, or after periods of intense exercise.
•If clothes weight is input, clothes weight is subtracted from the weight measurements.

27
 Troubleshooting
Please check the following before requesting repair.

Problem Solution
If Necessary

• Stand barefoot on the platform for

Error with impedance measurement.
• If the soles of the feet are dry, use the included
measurement dropper to apply about 0.5 mL of water before
“Err40” is displayed. measurement.
• Check the input details.

• Turn off the power and remove anything on

Error with zeroing
Measurement “uuuuu” is displayed.
the platform, then turn on the power and try
measuring again.

• Is the equipment placed on a vibrating

surface?
The weight value does • Is the measuring platform tilted?
not stabilize. • Is something blocking the gap in the
measuring platform?
• Remove any inserted objects.

Nothing is displayed,
even when the power is • Confirm that the power is connected correctly.
turned on.
Display
• The measured weight exceeds weighing
“-----” is displayed. capacity.

• Printer paper is not supplied.

Run out of print paper Supply paper.
“P-End” is displayed. In the case that the printer is not used, press
CE key and redo the initial setting.
Printer
• The printer cover is open.
Printer cover open
Properly close it.
“COPEn” is displayed. Check that the printer paper is not slanted.

• Insufficient space on the SD card.

“Sd-F” is displayed. Transfer or delete data from the SD card.

• SD memory card is write protected.

SD card “Sd-P” is displayed. Remove (unlock) the SD card protection.

• SD Card malfunction.
“Sd-E” is displayed. Replace with a new SD card.

28
Technical Notes
Body composition measurement by the BIA method.
Introduction
This equipment provides estimated values for each measured value of body fat percentage, fat mass, fatfree

If Necessary
mass, muscle mass and bone mass by the DXA method, estimated value for the total body water measured
value by the dilution method and estimated value for the visceral fat rating by MRI method using the
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA method).
For measurement, a mode must be selected based on body type.
1) Standard (for 7 to 99 years of age)
2) Athletic (for Athletic persons who exercise considerably more than non-athlete)
Making a distinction by body type in the measurement mode produces more reliable body composition
measurements for athletic persons, whose body compositions differ from those of average persons.

- Principles of body composition measurement

BIA is a means of measuring body composition – fat mass, predicted muscle mass, etc. – by measuring
bioelectrical impedance in the body. Fat within the body allows almost no electricity to pass through, while
electricity passes rather easily through water, much of which is found in muscles. The degree of difficulty
with which electricity passes through a substance is known as the electrical resistance, and the percentage of
fat and other body constituents can be inferred from measurements of this resistance.
The Tanita Body Composition Analyzer measures body composition using a constant current source with
a high frequency current (50kHz, 90μA). The 4 electrodes are positioned so that electric current is supplied
from the electrodes on the tips of the toes of both feet, and voltage is measured on the heel of both feet.

- What is the DXA method?

DXA was originally designed to measure bone mineral content, but in
the full-body scan mode the body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free
mass of individual body parts (arms, legs, trunk) can also be measured.
The image below shows one example of body composition measurement
results obtained by DXA.

Body composition measurement results

obtained by DXA
- What is dilution method?
In the dilution method, a labeled substance for a known amount is given and the concentration in
equilibrium diffusing evenly is measured to obtain the total amount of the solvent that dilutes the labeled
substance.
To measure the total body water (TBW), deuterium oxide (D2O) is generally used as the labeled substance.
Deuterium oxide uses the overall total body water as dilution space so the total body water can be obtained.
To obtain the extracellular fluid amount, sodium bromide (NaBr) is used as a labeled substance.
Bromine (Br) is said to not enter the inside of cells, and uses extracellular fluid as the dilution space.

29
 Technical Notes (continued)
- Factors giving errors in measurement
In the BIA method, impedance is measured and the body composition is calculated based on the value. It
is known that impedance changes by the amount of the total body water that occupies about 60% of weight
and the change in its distribution and temperature change. Therefore, for the purpose of research or for daily
If Necessary

repeating of measurements, the measurement conditions must be kept constant. Measurement under the
changing conditions of temperature and total body water distribution or blood flow volume of extremities
due to exercising, taking a bath, etc., affects the measurement result since the electric resistance in the body
also changes.
Therefore, it is recommended to measure under the following conditions for stable measurement.
1) 3 hours have passed after getting up and normal lifestyle activities are carried out during this period.
(Bioelectrical impedance remains high if you remain sitting after getting up or drive a car, etc.)
2) 3 hours or more have passed after eating. (For 2 to 3 hours after eating, the impedance has a tendency to
decrease.)
3) 12 hours or more have passed after vigorous exercise for measurement. (The tendency toward changes in
impedance is not stable depending on the type and rigorousness of the exercise.)
4) If possible urinate before taking measurement.
5) For repeated measurements, measure at the same hour as much as possible. (At the same time of
measurement of weight, the measurements can be made more stable by measuring at the same time of the
day)

Very stable measured values can be obtained by measuring under the above conditions.
And in the development of this equipment, the following 6 items were set as conditions for the regression
equation.
1) Prohibition of alcohol intake for 12 hours before measurement
2) Prohibition of excessive exercise for 12 hours before measurement.
3) Prohibition of excessive eating and drinking the day before measurement
4) Prohibition of eating and drinking for 3 hours before measurement
5) Urination just before measurement
6) Avoid measurements during menstruation (for female)

2) Inter-day changes Inter-day

The diagrams below offer examples of actual measurements made
of inter-day changes. A study was done to determine the degree of
change in the impedance between the feet during dehydration; the
first two days represent a normal daily routine, while in the latter
two days a state of dehydration was induced using a sauna.
No significant inter-day change was measured in body weight,
impedance between the feet, or body fat percentage during the
normal daily routine. During the dehydrated state, however, a drop
in body weight of 1kg was noted, with the impedance between the
feet rising approximately 15Ω on the first day of dehydration and
30 to 35Ω on the second day. As a result, body fat percentage was Inter-day
up by around 1% on the first day of dehydration and by 1.5 to 2%
on the second day.
As mentioned earlier, impedance increases when body weight
is reduced (such as by dehydration), and decreases when body
weight is increased through excess consumption of food and drink.
The inter-day change in impedance is thus inversely proportional
to the change in body weight.

30
These inter-day changes stem from such causes as:
1) Temporary increases in body weight (total body water) through overeating and overdrinking
2) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during vigorous exercise
3) Dehydration due to alcohol consumption or the use of diuretics
4) Dehydration due to heavy sweating during saunas, etc.

If Necessary
Accordingly, it is recommended that instructions be provided to the subject to help eliminate these causes
when accurate measurements are needed.

31
 The Regression Formula for
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) value is known to be closely related with the Fat Free Mass (FFM). It is
also correlated with body weight, but there are issues when it is calculated from the body weight without
considering body composition evaluation. This causes a greater error range to occur. In cases where people
have the same body weight but different composition, values for obese people that have more body fat are
overestimated, whereas those for muscular athletes are underestimated.
If Necessary

FFM vs BMR Weight vs BMR

3000 3000

2500 Male 2500

Male
Female
BMR kcal/day (from breath)

BMR kcal/day (from breath)

2000 2000

1500 Female
1500

1000 1000

500 500

0 0
10 30 50 70 90 30 50 70 90 110 130
FFM kg Weight kg

JP Male JP Female US Male US Female JP Male JP Female US Male US Female

3000
<Figure
y = x + 9E-11 1> Relationship of BMR from exhalation analysis with weight and FFM
R2 = 0.808
R = 0.900
2500
SEE = 131.4
p<0.0001
BMR kcal/day (from breath)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Calculated REE kcal/day
（from Multiple regression analysis model）

32
 2000 2000

BMR kcal/day (from bre

BMR kcal/day (from br
1500 1500

1000 1000
Figure 1 shows that the correlation between BMR and FFM is far stronger than the correlation between BMR
and weight.
The estimated regression equation for BMR developed through years of research by Tanita is extremely
accurate because it500
reflects differences in individual body compositions and is calculated from the measured
500
FFM. This estimated regression equation is based on the BMR measured using an exhalation analyzer, and

If Necessary
has been checked for statistical validity.
0
These results were presented at the First Annual Nutrition Week (American College of Nutrition, American
0
10 30 50 70 90
Society for Clinical Nutrition, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, North American 30 50
Association for the Study of Obesity) held in 2002 in FFM
San Diego.
kg

NOTE: This model has been calibrated for those between ages of 18 to 84. Those individuals outside of this
age range may not be obtain accurate readings.

3000
y = x + 9E-11
R2 = 0.808
R = 0.900
2500
SEE = 131.4
p<0.0001
BMR kcal/day (from breath)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Calculated REE kcal/day
（from Multiple regression analysis model）

JP Male JP Female US Male US Female

<Figure 2> Relationship of BMR and calculated REE from Tanita multiple regression analysis model
Modified based on data announced at Nutrition Week held in San Diego in 2002)

33
 Specifications
Model Number TBF-400
AC adapter
Power Source Input:100 – 240V 
Output:12V 
If Necessary

Electric Current Range 25VA

Measurement System Single-frequency 4 electrode
Measurement Frequency 50kHz
Measurement Current Up to 90μA
Impedance Electrode Materials Stainless steel
Measurement Measurement Part Between both feet
Measurement Range 75.0 to 1,500Ω (0.1Ω increments)
Accuracy at First
±2%
Calibration
Measurement System Strain gauge load cell
Range 4 to 600lb / 2 to 270kg (including preset tare value)
Weight
Minimum Graduation 0.2lb (0.1kg)
Measurement
Accuracy at First
±0.4lb (±0.2kg)
Calibration
Display LCD screen
USB 2.0 (Type B connector)
Interface RS-232C
SD card
Usage Conditions Temperature 41 to 95˚F / 5 to 35˚C
Range Relative Humidity 30 to 80% (non-condensing)
Storage Conditions Temperature 14 to 140˚F / -10 to 60˚C
Range Relative Humidity 10 to 90% (non-condensing)
Remote Display Version 18.3lb / 8.3kg
Product Weight
Column Mounted Version 24.7lb / 11.2kg
Platform W15.5 × D15.4 × H2.6in / W395 × D390 × H67mm
Product Size Height
40.4in / 1027mm
(Column Mounted Version)

34
 0.0 to 20.0lb (0.2lb increments) /
Clothes Weight
0.0 to 10.0kg (0.1kg increments)
ID No. 16 digits
Gender Female / Male

If Necessary
Input Items Body Type Standard / Athletic *1
Age 7 to 99 years
3’0.0” to 7’11.5” (0.5in increments) /
Height
90.0 to 249.9cm (0.1cm increments)
Target Body Fat % 4 to 55% (1% increments)
ID No. 16 digits
Gender Female / Male
Body Type Standard / Athletic *1
Age 7 to 99 years
3’0.0” to 7’11.5” (0.5in increments) /
Height
90.0 to 249.9cm (0.1cm increments)
0.0 to 20.0lb (0.2lb increments) /
Clothes Weight
0.0 to 10.0kg (0.1kg increments)
4.0 to 600lb (0.2lb increments) /
Output Items Weight
2.0 to 270.0kg (0.1kg increments)
Fat % 3.0 to 75.0% (0.1% increments)
Fat Mass 0.2lb / 0.1kg increments
FFM 0.2lb / 0.1kg increments
BMI 0.1 increments
Basal Metabolic Rate *2 1kcal / 1kJ increments
TBW* 0.2lb / 0.1kg increments
TBW%* 0.1% increments
Bioelectrical Data Resistance / Reactance
*1 Athletic mode can be selected only 18 to 99 years old
*2 18 to 99 years old
The product design and specifications may be changed at any time without prior notice.

35
USA and Canada
Federal Communications Commission and Canadian ICES Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules
and Canadian ICES-003. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can
be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Disposal
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected. This equipment is an electronic device.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio or television technician for Please dispose of this equipment
help. appropriately, not as general household
Modifications waste. Be sure to follow the regulations in
The FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications your area when disposing of this equipment.
made to this device that are not expressly approved by Tanita Corporation
may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

2661

© 2015 TANITA Corporation DC3607661(0)-1512FA