Department

Logo
General Education

MODULES – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

PRELIM
2nd Semester, Academic 2020 - 2021

1st WEEK
Course Title: The Contemporary World

Course Description:

First, encourage the students to be aware of what is happening in the outside

world. Somehow to cure the so called parochialism or an outlook that is limited to one’s
immediate community. So it means a parochial person has a close- minded not so
much exposure to outside look.
But teaching you this course you will stretch your limits of your imagination
and outlook. Because the professors themselves with share with the unfamiliar ideas
and cultures that may spark your new infarcts and cultures likewise, you will explore
some places, peoples, ideas and cultures that you care about and value.
Second it is important to study the world because it can teach you more
about yourself knowing about other countries allow you to compare your society with
others. The experiences of commenters outside the Philippines may provide solution
too many of the country’s confront problem they may also province warnings about what
not to do. Every country desires for economic growth issues it beneficial if policy makers
know what economic modules and policies have rooked for other countries and what
have not?

Lastly you need to study the world because you will be interacting with it Say for
example last 2009 an average of 4,018 Filipino’s per day went abroad looking for
greener postures but in 2015 , Increased to 6, 092. So it means more Filipino are
leaving and working abroad. For those who want to plan to go abroad after graduation
this course can serve as your orientation. Nevertheless, even those who choose to
remain if I’m the Philippines must confront the phenomena of globalization like voicing
as a call center and other related look that you will encounter internationally.
Therefore, this expensive of one’s ethical hooligans, as you will see is the
very core of what it means to be a global citizens.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Give the meaning of the globalization for the course.
2. Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization to global issue.
3. Narrate a personal experience of globalization.
4. Narrate a short history of global market integration on the twentieth century
5. Differentiate internationalization from globalization
6. Define the state and nation
7. Define Global Governance
8. Identify the roles and functions of the United Nation
9. Differentiate between regionalization and globalization

Topic Outline:
I. The Structure of Globalization
1. What is Globalization?
2. Globalization: A working Definition

II. The Globalization of the World Economics

1. International Trading System
2. The Global Financial Crisis and the Challenges of Globalization
3. The Attribute of Today’s Global System

III. The United Nations and Contemporary Global Governance

1. What is an International Organization
2. The United Nations
3. Challenges of the United Nations

IV. World of Regions

1. Globalization and Regionalization
2. Countries Region and Globalization
3. Non – state Regionalism
4. Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism
Introduction to Globalization

Since time us immemorial so much closed has come all new the world.
Particularly human beings have encountered many changes over the last century
especially in their social relationship and social structures of these changes one can say
that globalization is a very important change. The reality and omnipresence of
globalization makes us see ourselves as part of what we refer to as the global age
(Albrow, 1996). The Philippines to know what is happening to the rest of the world
simply by browsing Google. The mass media also allows for connections among
people, communities and countries and over the globe.

Defining Globalization

A. It is usually refers to the integration of the national markets to a wider global

market signified by the increase free trade.
According to Manfred Steger the international scholar globalist, that process of
globalization, is the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world – time and across world – space.

Expansion – refers to both the creation of new social networks and the
multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political,
economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.

Intensification – refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of these

networks, not only are global connections multiplying but they are also becoming
more closely – knit and expanding their reach.
Steger definition of globalization must be differentiated with an ideology he
called it globalism. If a Globalization represents the many process that allow the
expansion and intensification of a global connections.

Globalism – is a widespread belief among powerful people that the global

integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone, since it spreads
freedom and democracy across the world.
 Globalization – is also a process that refers to a larger phenomenon that
cannot simply be reduced to the ways in which global markets have been
integrated.

 According to anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, there are different kinds of

globalization occurring on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration
that he calls ‘scapes’.

1. Ethos cape – refers to the global movement of people.

2. Medias cape – about the flow culture
3. Techno scape – refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and
software.
4. Finances cape – denotes the global circulation of money
5. Ideas cape – is the realm where political ideas move around.

B. Some more definitions of globalization & encompasses a multitude of process that

involves the economy, political system and culture. (Social structure)
 Is trans planetary process or a set of processes involving increasing liquidity
and the growing multi directional flows of people, objects , places and
information as well as the structures they encounter and create that are
barriers to or expedite those flows.

C. How can we understand the globalization?

1. The perspective of who defines globalization shapes its definition.

 The overview definition implies that globalization is many things to many
different people. According to Arjun Appadurai that globalization is a
world of things that have different regions nations or societies.

2. To paraphrase, the sociologist Cesare Poppi that globalization is the debate

and the debate is the globalization.
 The meaning of the concept is self-evident, in another is vague and
obscure as its reaches are wide and constantly shifting.

3. Globalization is a reality. It is changing as human society develops. It has

happened before and is still happening today. We should expect it to continue
to happen in the future. The future of globalization is more difficult to predict.
What we could expect in the coming years is what has what happened over
the past 50 years and that is the fluidity and complexity of a globalization as a
concept, which made more debates, discussions, and definitions than
agreements on its.
 D. By reading of this content: Answer the following questions as a part of the guide
questions how far have you understand the meaning of globalization?

1. In reality what is the meaning of globalization?

2. How would you experienced globalization or have you experienced
globalization.
3. Why it is crucial to emphasize that globalization is uneven?
4. What is the difference between globalization and globalism?
5. Can you cite some examples of events that globalization is a part of it?

Activity:
a. Go to your room and do an inventory of everything you have in your
possession. You will find out that the most essential among the thing in your
room are footwear, clothes, computer (if any) cellphone, television if possible
and many be a radio. If you are students you may also notice books,
newspapers, news narratives not to mention school supplies and equipment.

b. Organize your inventory into two types:

First: Things that are made in the Philippines.
Second: Those that are of foreign brand. List the countries of origin of
your foreign brand items.
c. Do the same thing for the kitchen and the living room. These includes the
appliances.
Analysis:

Why do you need to study the world?

At first glance the world as a concept is abstract. After all, your daily experiences are
considered as an interaction with your country. For example, when you read the news,
you read about the Philippines when you engage in an official transactions like paying
taxes, you deal with the Philippine gov’t almost of your classmates and teacher are
Filipinos. So your limit of your interactions and outlook is focus only in your own
country.
However you only need to step back a little bit to see that the world out there
is already here. For example: If you have a family or a relatives who are OFW’s visit or
send something home like, money, chocolate, clothes, shoes and others it means they
are briny part of the world with them in the Philippines some relating some stories,
shaking photos from the wonders of Rome the pictures of Pyramid of Egypt and others.
The media and the internet are also your windows to the Contemporary
World. Like for example if you watch American movie and sing a Portuguese song as
you are from these country and bring their culture to us when you dine in a McDonald
ridden in Japanese car maybe roamed a Korea mobile where eaten Australian beef.
By realizing and just living your life like these automatically think about the
Contemporary World.

Abstraction:
The structure of the lessons that follow will reflect this multidimensional
understanding of globalization. Each of the lessons will focus on a particular kind of
globalization. Every one of them will be about different networks and connections that
are expanding and intensifying in the contemporary world.
Treat each lesson not as end in itself but as window to the broader
phenomenon of globalization.

Application:

1. Discuss the relevance of FIFA world cup as a worldwide event.

2. Give the significance of travel and tourism that allows for the globalization of
many things.
 2nd Week (PRELIM – 1ST SEM)

HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION

When Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba in 2018 announced it had chosen the ancient
city of Xi’an as the site for its new regional headquarters, the symbolic value wasn’t lost
on the company: it had brought globalization to its ancient birthplace, the start of the old
Silk Road. It named its new offices aptly: Silk Road Headquarters. The city where
globalization had started more than 2,000 years ago would also have a stake in
globalization’s future.

Alibaba shouldn’t be alone in looking back. As we are entering a new, digital-driven era
of globalization – we call it Globalization 4.0 – it is worthwhile that we do the same.
When did globalization start? What were its major phases? And where is it headed
tomorrow?

This piece also caps our series on globalization. The series was written ahead of the
2019 Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, which focuses on
Globalization 4.0. In previous pieces, we looked at some winners and losers of
economic globalization, the environmental aspect of globalization, cultural
globalization and digital globalization. Now we look back at its history. So, when did
international trade start and how did it lead to globalization?
Ancient silk roads

Silk roads (1st century BC-5th century AD, and 13th-14th centuries AD)

People have been trading goods for almost as long as they’ve been around. But as of
the 1st century BC, a remarkable phenomenon occurred. For the first time in history,
luxury products from China started to appear on the other edge of the Eurasian
continent – in Rome. They got there after being hauled for thousands of miles along the
Silk Road. Trade had stopped being a local or regional affair and started to become
global.

That is not to say globalization had started in earnest. Silk was mostly a luxury good,
and so were the spices that were added to the intercontinental trade between Asia and
Europe. As a percentage of the total economy, the value of these exports was tiny, and
many middlemen were involved to get the goods to their destination. But global trade
links were established, and for those involved, it was a goldmine. From purchase price
to final sales price, the multiple went in the dozens.The Silk Road could prosper in part
because two great empires dominated much of the route. If trade was interrupted, it was
most often because of blockades by local enemies of Rome or China. If the Silk Road
eventually closed, as it did after several centuries, the fall of the empires had everything
to do with it. And when it reopened in Marco Polo’s late medieval time, it was because
the rise of a new hegemonic empire: the Mongols. It is a pattern we’ll see throughout
the history of trade: it thrives when nations protect it, it falls when they don’t.
Arabic calligraphy in Asilah medina, Morocco

Spice routes (7th-15th centuries)

The next chapter in trade happened thanks to Islamic merchants. As the new religion
spread in all directions from its Arabian heartland in the 7th century, so did trade. The
founder of Islam, the prophet Mohammed, was famously a merchant, as was his wife
Khadija. Trade was thus in the DNA of the new religion and its followers, and that
showed. By the early 9th century, Muslim traders already dominated Mediterranean and
Indian Ocean trade; afterwards, they could be found as far east as Indonesia, which
over time became a Muslim-majority country, and as far west as Moorish Spain.

The main focus of Islamic trade in those Middle Ages was spices. Unlike silk, spices
were traded mainly by sea since ancient times. But by the medieval era they had
become the true focus of international trade. Chief among them were the cloves,
nutmeg and mace from the fabled Spice Islands – the Maluku islands in Indonesia.
They were extremely expensive and in high demand, also in Europe. But as with silk,
they remained a luxury product, and trade remained relatively low volume. Globalization
still didn’t take off, but the original Belt (sea route) and Road (Silk Road) of trade
between East and West did now exist.
Age of Discovery (15th-18th centuries)

Truly global trade kicked off in the Age of Discovery. It was in this era, from the end of
the 15th century onwards, that European explorers connected East and West – and
accidentally discovered the Americas. Aided by the discoveries of the so-called
Scientific Revolution in the fields of astronomy, mechanics, physics and shipping, the
Portuguese, Spanish and later the Dutch and the English first discovered, then
subjugated, and finally integrated new lands in their economies.

The Age of Discovery rocked the world. The most famous discovery is that of America
by Columbus, which all but ended pre-Colombian civilizations. But the most
consequential exploration was the circumnavigation by Magellan: it opened the door to
the Spice Islands, cutting out Arab and Italian middlemen. While trade once again
remained small compared to total GDP, it certainly altered people’s lives. Potatoes,
tomatoes, coffee and chocolate were introduced in Europe, and the price of spices fell
steeply.

Yet economists today still don’t truly regard this era as one of true globalization. Trade
certainly started to become global, and it had even been the main reason for starting the
Age of Discovery. But the resulting global economy was still very much soloed and
lopsided. The European empires set up global supply chains, but mostly with those
colonies they owned. Moreover, their colonial model was chiefly one of exploitation,
including the shameful legacy of the slave trade. The empires thus created both a
mercantilist and a colonial economy, but not a truly globalized one.
The Industrial Revolution in Britain propelled the first wave of globalization

First wave of globalization (19th century-1914)

This started to change with the first wave of globalization, which roughly occurred over
the century ending in 1914. By the end of the 18th century, Great Britain had started to
dominate the world both geographically, through the establishment of the British
Empire, and technologically, with innovations like the steam engine, the industrial
weaving machine and more. It was the era of the First Industrial Revolution.

The British Industrial Revolution made for a fantastic twin engine of global trade. On the
one hand, steamships and trains could transport goods over thousands of miles, both
within countries and across countries. On the other hand, its industrialization allowed
Britain to make products that were in demand all over the world, like iron, textiles and
manufactured goods. With its advanced industrial technologies, the BBC recently wrote,
looking back to the era, “Britain was able to attack a huge and rapidly expanding
international market.

The resulting globalization was obvious in the numbers. For about a century, trade grew
on average 3% per year. That growth rate propelled exports from a share of 6% of
global GDP in the early 19th century, to 14% on the eve of World War I. As John
Maynard Keynes, the economist, observed: The inhabitant of London could order by
telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole Earth, in
such quantity as he might see fit, and reasonably expect their early delivery upon his
doorstep.
And, Keynes also noted, a similar situation was also true in the world of investing.
Those with the means in New York, Paris, London or Berlin could also invest in
internationally active joint stock companies. One of those, the French Companies de
Suez, constructed the Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean
and opened yet another artery of world trade. Others built railways in India, or managed
mines in African colonies. Foreign direct investment, too, was globalizing.

While Britain was the country that benefited most from this globalization, as it had the
most capital and technology, others did too, by exporting other goods. The invention of
the refrigerated cargo ship or reefer ship in the 1870s, for example, allowed for
countries like Argentina and Uruguay, to enter their golden age. They started to mass
export meat, from cattle grown on their vast lands. Other countries, too, started to
specialize their production in those fields in which they were most competitive.

But the first wave of globalization and industrialization also coincided with darker
events, too. By the end of the 19th century, the Khan Academy notes, most [globalizing
and industrialized] European nations grabbed for a piece of Africa, and by 1900 the only
independent country left on the continent was Ethiopia. In a similarly negative vein,
large countries like India, China, Mexico or Japan, which were previously powers to
reckon with, were not either not able or not allowed to adapt to the industrial and global
trends. Either the Western powers put restraints on their independent development, or
they were otherwise outcompeted because of their lack of access to capital or
technology. Finally, many workers in the industrialized nations also did not benefit from
globalization, their work commoditized by industrial machinery, or their output undercut
by foreign imports.

The world wars

It was a situation that was bound to end in a major crisis, and it did. In 1914, the
outbreak of World War I brought an end to just about everything the burgeoning high
society of the West had gotten so used to, including globalization. The ravage was
complete. Millions of soldiers died in battle, millions of civilians died as collateral
damage, war replaced trade, destruction replaced construction, and countries closed
their borders yet again.

In the years between the world wars, the financial markets, which were still connected in
a global web, caused a further breakdown of the global economy and its links. The
Great Depression in the US led to the end of the boom in South America, and a run on
the banks in many other parts of the world. Another world war followed in 1939-1945.
By the end of World War II, trade as a percentage of worlds GDP had fallen to 5% – a
level not seen in more than a hundred years.
Second and third wave of globalization

The story of globalization, however, was not over. The end of the World War II marked a
new beginning for the global economy. Under the leadership of a new hegemon, the
United States of America, and aided by the technologies of the Second Industrial
Revolution, like the car and the plane, global trade started to rise once again. At first,
this happened in two separate tracks, as the Iron Curtain divided the world into two
spheres of influence. But as of 1989, when the Iron Curtain fell, globalization became a
truly global phenomenon.

In the early decades after World War II, institutions like the European Union, and other
free trade vehicles championed by the US were responsible for much of the increase in
international trade. In the Soviet Union, there was a similar increase in trade, albeit
through centralized planning rather than the free market. The effect was profound.
Worldwide, trade once again rose to 1914 levels: in 1989, export once again counted for
14% of global GDP. It was paired with a steep rise in middle-class incomes in the West.

Then, when the wall dividing East and West fell in Germany, and the Soviet Union
collapsed, globalization became an all-conquering force. The newly created World
Trade Organization (WTO) encouraged nations all over the world to enter into free-trade
agreements, and most of them did, including many newly independent ones. In 2001,
even China, which for the better part of the 20th century had been a secluded, agrarian
economy, became a member of the WTO, and started to manufacture for the world. In
this new world, the US set the tone and led the way, but many others benefited in their
slipstream.
At the same time, a new technology from the Third Industrial Revolution, the internet,
connected people all over the world in an even more direct way. The orders Keynes
could place by phone in 1914 could now be placed over the internet. Instead of having
them delivered in a few weeks, they would arrive at one’s doorstep in a few days. What
was more, the internet also allowed for a further global integration of value chains. You
could do R&D in one country, sourcing in others, production in yet another, and
distribution all over the world.

The result has been a globalization on steroids. In the 2000s, global exports reached a
milestone, as they rose to about a quarter of global GDP. Trade, the sum of imports and
exports, consequentially grew to about half of world GDP. In some countries, like
Singapore, Belgium, or others, trade is worth much more than 100% of GDP. A majority
of global population has benefited from this: more people than ever before belong to the
global middle class, and hundreds of millions achieved that status by participating in the
global economy.

Globalization 4.0

That brings us to today, when a new wave of globalization is once again upon us. In a
world increasingly dominated by two global powers, the US and China, the new frontier
of globalization is the cyber world. The digital economy, in its infancy during the third
wave of globalization, is now becoming a force to reckon with through e-commerce,
digital services, 3D printing. It is further enabled by artificial intelligence, but threatened
by cross-border hacking and cyber-attacks.

At the same time, a negative globalization is expanding too, through the global effect of
climate change. Pollution in one part of the world leads to extreme weather events in
another. And the cutting of forests in the few “green lungs” the world has left, like the
Amazon rainforest, has a further devastating effect on not just the world’s biodiversity,
but its capacity to cope with hazardous greenhouse gas emissions.

But as this new wave of globalization is reaching our shores, many of the world’s people
are turning their backs on it. In the West particularly, many middle-class workers are fed
up with a political and economic system that resulted in economic inequality, social
instability, and – in some countries – mass immigration, even if it also led to economic
growth and cheaper products. Protectionism, trade wars and immigration stops are
once again the order of the day in many countries.

As a percentage of GDP, global exports have stalled and even started to go in reverse
slightly. As a political ideology, globalism, or the idea that one should take a global
perspective, is on the wane. And internationally, the power that propelled the world to its
highest level of globalization ever, the United States, is backing away from its role as
policeman and trade champion of the world.

It was in this world that Chinese president Xi Jinping addressed the topic globalization in
a speech in Davos in January 2017. Some blame economic globalization for the chaos
in the world, he said. It has now become the Pandora’s Box in the eyes of many. But, he
continued, we came to the conclusion that integration into the global economy is a
historical trend. It is the big ocean that you cannot escape from. He went on the propose
a more inclusive globalization, and to rally nations to join in China’s new project for
international trade, Belt and Road.

It was in this world, too, that Alibaba a few months later opened its Silk Road
headquarters in Xi’an. It was meant as the logistical backbone for the e-commerce giant
along the new Belt and Road, the Paper reported. But if the old Silk Road thrived on the
exports of luxurious silk by camel and donkey, the new Alibaba Xi’an facility would be
enabling a globalization of an entirely different kind. It would double up as a big data
college for its Alibaba Cloud services.

Technological progress, like globalization, is something you can’t run away from, it
seems. But it is ever changing. So how will Globalization 4.0 evolve? We will have to
answer that question in the coming years.
 Department
Logo
General Education

MODULES – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

PRELIM
2nd Semester, Academic 2020 - 2021
2nd WEEK
HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION

Origin and history of Globalization from the previous discussion; we need to

know what is Globalization? Definition was imposed and cleared to the reader. But now
we need to know where the Globalization started did?

Other sources of information that the Globalization started after the second World
War According to Nayan Chanda (2007) the founder and editor – in – chief of Yale
Global Online, Online magazine that the beginning of globalization from our ancestors in
Africa who walked out from the said continent in the late Ice Age and finally led to
known continents and after 50,000 years.

Read and analyze how globalization how globalization started in this article.
 However scholars of today point to these three notable changes as the origin of
globalization as follows

1. The emergence of the United States as the global power (Post world war II)
2. The emergence of multinational corporative.
3. The demise of the save it union and the end of the cold war.

So after World War II the U.S was able to outrun Germany and Japan in terms of

industry and because of this U.S started to progress in different aspects like in
diplomacies media film and many more.

In more recent pears after the tall of the Soviet Union in 1991.This event led to
the opening of the major parts of the world in the 1 st time started early in twentieth
century. May global processes – immigration tourism, media, diplomacy and MNC’s
spread throughout the world that china started the global capitalism as the major force
in terms of many aspects and even hosting of the Olympics in 2008.
 Department
Logo
General Education

MODULES – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

PRELIM
2nd Semester, Academic 2020 - 2021

3rd WEEK

The Globalization in the Philippines

Globalization has been very effective in the Philippines. There have been major
changes in the economy since 1995 when the Philippines took part in singing
agreement with World Trade Organization. There have been changes in the country
such as more labor and more companies that have emerged to help the economy. In
fact, the idea of globalization started in 1983 when the center for International Trade
Expositions and Missions (ITEM) was created with manila FAME as its flagship project
the idea of collaboration eventually became the core identity of manila Fame and prime
example of globalization as its finest

Ex: The Philippines First Foray with Globalization – ABSCBN lifestyle

Evidence shown that globalization has a positive effect on the country’s economy
growth and employment. In particular trade openness and foreign portfolio flows have
contributed to higher per capital GDP growth in the Philippines.
 International Trade

It is also known as International Trade the exchange of capital goods and

services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of
goods or services.

The Benefits or Advantages of International Trade

1. Increases Revenues
2. Decreased Revenues
3. Longer Product Life Span
4. Easter cash – flow management.
5. Better Risk Management
6. Benefiting from currency exchange
7. Access to export financing
8. Disposal of Surplus goods

Example of International

Like consumer goods such as television sets and clothing capital goods
such as machinery and raw materials and food.

Two Types of International Trade

1. Import – refers to buying goods and services from foreign sources and bringing
them back into the home country.
2. Expert – refers to selling goods and services produced in the home country to
other market (countries).
 Department
Logo
General Education

MODULES – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

PRELIM
2nd Semester, Academic 2020 - 2021
4TH WEEK

The United Nations and Contemporary Global Governance

Learning Outcomes:

1. Define global governance.

2. Identify the roles and functions of United Nations
3. Determine the challenges of the global governance in the twenty – first century

There are many sources of global governance. States sign treaties and form
organization in the process legislating public International law (International rules that
govern intern actions between states as opposed to ex. Private companies).
International Non – Government Organization through not having formal state power
can lobby individual states to behave a certain way (ex. An International crucial
protection NGO) can pressure government to pass anomal cruelty laws). Powerful
transitional corporation can likewise have themselves effects on global labor laws,
environmental legislation trade policy etc.

One lesson will not able to cover the various ways of global governance occurs.

This lesson will only examine how global governance is articulated by inter-
governmental organizations. It will focus primarily on the United Nations (UN) are the
most prominent intergovernmental organizations today.
  What is an International Organization

Refer to international intergovernmental organizations or groups that are

primarily made up of member – states.

Ex. UN, IMF, World Bank etc.

- One major fallacy about International Organizations is that they are merely
amalgamations of various state interests.
- Can thus become influential as independent as independent organizations.

International Relations Scholars

Michael IV. Barnett and Martha Finnemore listed some following powers of international
Organization

1. The power of classification:

- Can create power global standards example UN High Commission for

Refugees entering their boarders.

2. The power of fix meanings:

- Various terms like security or development

Ex. UN has started to define security as not just safety from military
violence but also safety from environmental harm.
 3. The power to diffuse norms.

- Norms are accepted codes of conduct that may not be strict law, but
nevertheless produce regularly in behavior.

Ex. World bank economist cove to be regarded as experts in development

and this costly some form of authority. They can create norms regarding the
implementation and conceptualization of development project.

 THE UNITED NATIONS

This is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international

peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international
cooperation and be a central for harmonizing the actions of nations

This is founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries

committed to maintaining international peace and security developing friendly relations
among nations and promoting social progress better living standard and human rights
currently made up of 193 member states including the Philippines.
The main organs of the UN

1. General Assembly
2. Secretary Council
3. Economic and Social Council
4. The International Court of Justice
5. UN Secretarial

The council composed of 15 members

5 permanent Members

1. Asia 3. Russian Federation 5. United States

2. France 4. United Kingdom

The current Secretary General of the U.N is Mr. Antonio Guterres who took office 2017

Carlos P. Romulo – a Filipino was elected as G.A. President from 1949 – 1950Zz

ACTIVITY 3

United Nations Peacekeepers Re-erecting their Roles, Responsible and

Challenges

Research in google that the United Nation peacekeepers are the countries that
send these peacekeepers their responsibilities and the places when they have been
involved in the last 50 years, after familiarizing yourself with UN’s peacekeeping
functions you will now ready to deal with a crisis.

Like war against each other’s want to exploit the resources of this boarder land.
 Department
Logo
General Education

MODULES – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

PRELIM
2nd Semester, Academic 2020 – 2021

5th week

A World of Regions

Learning Outcomes:

1. Differentiate between regionalization and globalization

2. Explain how regions formed.
3. Discuss the advantages and dis advantages of regionalization.
4. Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of the Asian Regions.

 Introduction Highlight

The process of globalization and regionalization reemerged during the1980’s and

heightened after the end of the cold war in the 1990’s. At first, it seems that there two
processes are contradicting the very nature of globalization by definitions global while
regionalization is naturally regional.

The regionalization of the world and economics activities undermines the

potential benefit coming out from a liberalized global economy. This is because regional
organizations prefer regional partners over the north. Regional organizations respond to
the states attempt to reduce the received negative effects of globalization therefore
regionalization is a sort of counter-globalization.

A. Region – a group of countries located in the some geographically specified area

or amalgamations of two regions of more than two regions, organized to regulate
and oversee flows and policy choices.
Regionalization/Regionalism – refers to the regional concentration of economic flows.

- Is a political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and

coordination among countries?

B. Countries - form regional associations for several reasons; one is military

defense likely worldwide forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
formed several European Countries plus U.S to protect Europe against the threat
of Soviet Union creating regional alliance the Warsaw Pact consisting of
eastern European countries under Soviet nomination. The Soviet Union Imploded
by NATO remains in bloc.

 Countries form regional organizations to fool their resources get better

returns for exploits as well as expand their leverage against trading
partners. Like the organizations after Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC). Established in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and
Venezuela to regulate the production and sale of oil.

 Countries respond economically and politically to globalization in

various ways. Some are large enough and have a lot of resources to
dictate how they participate in the process of global integration.

 Other countries form regional blocs to protect their independence from

the pressure of Superpower politics. The president of Egypt, Ghana,
India, Indonesia and Yugoslavia created the Non – Aligned Movement
(NAM) 1960 to pursue world peace and international cooperation
human rights national sovereignty, racial and national equality, non –
intervention, and peaceful conflict resolution.

C. Non – State Regionalism

Organizations representing this new regionalism likewise rely on the power of

individual Non - Governmental Organizations (NGO) and associations to link up with
one another in pursuit of particular goals.

New – Regionalism is identified with reformist who shares the same values,
norms, institution, and systems that exist outside of the traditional established
mainstream institutions and system.
ABSTRACTION:

The Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism

Today, regionalism faces multiple challenges, the most serious of which is the
resurgence of militant nationalism and population. The refusal to dismantle NATO after
the collapse of the Soviet Union for example has become the bases of the Anti – NATO
rhetoric of Vladimir Putin in Russia now evens the relationship of U.S the alliance core
member with NATO has become problematic after Donald Trump demonized the
organizations as simply leading of America military power without going anything in
return.

Likewise the official regional association now covers vase swaths of the world.
The population of the countries that joined the Asia Pacific Economic Council (APEC)
alone comprised 37% of the world’s population in 2007. These countries are also part of
the smaller organization that include the association of Southeast Asian Nations the
Shanghai Cooperation Organization the North American Free Trade Agreement, the
Caribbean and Pacific Group of States and the Union of South American Nations. Even
islowist North Korea is part of the Regional Forum, which discusses security issues in
the region.

ACTIVITY 4

From Kingdoms to Empires, to Colonies and to Republic: Make a research and

organize yourselves based on these following broad regional divisions.

North America South America

China Japan

Korea South Asia

Middle East South East Asia

Learning Resources:

 The Contemporary World

By: Lisandro E. Claudio
Patrico N. Abinales

 World Dictionary
Search for a word

 Wikipedia

https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization

https://www.educba.com/globalization-example
 Prepared by: Reviewed by:

CATALINA B. ESCOBIDO MARILYN CABANEZ

Instructor Social Studies Coordinator

Approved By:

Dr. LEAH P. DIGO

Vice President for Academic Affairs