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CH 5 Coal and Petroleum

This document contains notes from a science class on coal and petroleum. It defines exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources, with examples of each. It describes how coal was formed from ancient forests over millions of years. It explains that fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are exhaustible since they take millions of years to form and our usage will eventually deplete the limited supplies. The notes also describe the characteristics and uses of coke and coal tar, which are products derived from coal. Finally, it explains how petroleum was formed from dead organisms in ancient seas and trapped between rock layers, and defines the refining process that separates petroleum into fractions.

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YASHVI MODI
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671 views2 pages

CH 5 Coal and Petroleum

This document contains notes from a science class on coal and petroleum. It defines exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources, with examples of each. It describes how coal was formed from ancient forests over millions of years. It explains that fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are exhaustible since they take millions of years to form and our usage will eventually deplete the limited supplies. The notes also describe the characteristics and uses of coke and coal tar, which are products derived from coal. Finally, it explains how petroleum was formed from dead organisms in ancient seas and trapped between rock layers, and defines the refining process that separates petroleum into fractions.

Uploaded by

YASHVI MODI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UDGAM SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

(2019 – 2020)
Subject : Science Class : VIII L - 5 : Coal and Petroleum Notes

Q1. What is meant by inexhaustible natural resources? Give examples.


A1. The natural resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be
exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible natural resources.
- Eg- sunlight, air and water.

Q2. What is meant by exhaustible natural resources? Give examples.


A2. The natural resources which are present in limited quantity in nature and are likely to be
exhausted by human activities are called exhaustible natural resources.
- Eg- forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. .

Q3. How was coal formed?


A3. About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying wetland areas.
- Due to natural processes, like flooding these forest got buried under soil.
- As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed.
- The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper.
- Under high temperature and pressure, dead plants got slowly converted into coal.

Q4. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.


A4. Fossil fuels require millions of years to form from the dead remains of plants and animals
get buried deep inside the earth.
- Amount of this source in nature is limited.
- Thus the rate at which fossil fuels are used will lead to their exhaustion.

Q5. Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.


A5. i. Characteristics :
a) Coke is a tough, porous and black substance.
b) It is an almost pure form of carbon.
ii. Uses:
a) Coke is used in the manufacture of steel.
b) It is used in the extraction of many metals.
c) It is used as a fuel.

Q6. Describe the characteristics and uses of coal tar.


A6. i. Characteristics :
a) Coal tar is a black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell.
b) It is a mixture of about 200 carbon compounds.
ii. Uses:
a) The products of coal tar are used to make synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes,
plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc.
b) It is used to make naphthalene balls.

Page 1 of 2
Class – VIII / Subject – Science / L – 5 / Notes /2019 – 2020
rajani@udgamschool.com / shaweta.bhatia@udgamschool.com
neeti@udgamschool.com /naina.jadav@udgamschool.com
Q7. How was petroleum formed?
A7. Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea.
- As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with
layers of sand and clay.
- Over millions of years, due to high pressure, high temperature and absence of air dead
organisms were slowly converted into petroleum and natural gas.
- These products get trapped between two layers of rocks.
- Natural gas always collects above petroleum under high pressure.

Q8. What do you understand by ‘Refining of petroleum’?


A8. The process of separating the various constituents or fractions of petroleum is known as
refining.

Q9. Draw a neat labeled diagram showing deposits of petroleum and natural gas.

Page 2 of 2
Class – VIII / Subject – Science / L – 5 / Notes /2019 – 2020
rajani@udgamschool.com / shaweta.bhatia@udgamschool.com
neeti@udgamschool.com /naina.jadav@udgamschool.com

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