[O no key signatures have been used here. Look at the accidentals and work out the keys.

Beethoven

The key is F maior

Alb6niz

The key is

Elgar

--?-

The key is

Beethoven

The key is

Haydn

etc.

The key is

27

Ulu.!
 An interval is the distance between two notes.
To find an interval count up from the bottom note like this

This interval is a 5th

23 4 o
There are only two intervals that are not usually known by a number
- unison (where both notes sound the same):

These notes are in unison.

or

- an octave (an 8th). This is the distance between any note and the next note with
the same letter name:

This is an interval of
an octave.
1234562@

\ II Name the following intervals by counting up the notes.

5th
1 2 3 4@
I nterval

lnterval

lnterval:

lnterval:

28

I
 EM Here are the types of intervals that you will need to know for Grade 1:

€re> c €> €>

To make an interval of unison, a 3rd or a 5th, the notes always have to be

For example:

or

Unison 3rd 5th Unison 3rd 5th

2nds, 4ths and octaves are different; it is always necessary to use a line and
a space.

Remember For example:

Count up
or
Jrom the
bottom note.
2nd Atn Octave 2nd 4th Octave

\ El Name the following intervals by counting up the notes.

Ii

lnterval: 2nd lnterval:

lnterval: lnterval:

€>

lnterval: lnterval:

lnterva I: lnterval:

29

I lJll
 The circle of 5ths is a map of the keys used in music.
lt helps you find out how
highlighted keys are
many sharps or flats there are in any key signature. The
the only keys that you will need to know for Grade 1'
be very useful as you move
Take time to understand how it works because it will
up the grades.

major

# Bb-
major
down
a 5th
up
a5th,
major
W
up
down

F
a 5th
a 5th

#
n-
Eb
major i
A
major
up
down
a 5th
a 5th

#
E
Ab

W major
down
a 5th Db
malor
lffi o/r+
B
up major
a 5th
up
a5th
major
a-

major
Did gou
know?
W *W ffi
a--

#
a
The remoinder
oJthe circle
works in the
some wou.
As gou go key signature just
start at c major. To find the major key with one sharp in its
through the C) and the answer is there
move round one notch to the right (or up a 5th from
grodes gou
G major.
will leorn just move round one notch
more oJ the To find a major key with one flat in its key signature
keys oround to the left (or down a 5th from C). The answer is F major'
the circle.

30

t
 Arpeqqios

Eru Here is the tonic triad in the key of F major

-B-

An arpeggio is made by'breaking up'a chord like this and playing it as a tune
Here is the type of arpeggio that you need to know for Grade 1 - it is a
one-octave arpeggio (shown here in the key of F major).

l 2 5 ., 5 3 l

,l
3 5 8 5 3 1

\ I Using semibreves, write the following tonic triads and one-octave arpeggios (going up
then down), using the correct key signature each time.

Tonic triad in the key of G major One-octave arpeggio in the key of G major

Tonic triad in the key of F major One-octave arpeggio in the key of F major

Tonic triad in the key of C major One-octave arpeggio in the key of C major

Tonic triad in the key of G major One-octave arpeggio in the key of G major
31

I
 ffi& Uslng semibreves, write the following tonic triads and one-octave arpeggios
(going
down then up), using the correct key signature each time'

Tonic triad in the key of G major One-octave arpeggio in the key of G major

Tonic triad in the key of F major One-octave arpeggio in the key of F major

Tonic triad in the key of C major One-octave arpeggio in the key of C major

Tonic triad in the key of G major One-octave arpeggio in the key of G major

Hondg tip! E put a bracket (l-1 or I l) to show any complete one-octave arpeggios hidden in
Look Jor the music. Then name the arPeggio.
orpeggios
going up
or down. --4

C o r aroeoolo a oln ouD

etc

etc.

--?-

32
 -I

are
one crotchet beat they

m When a composer
uiualtY grouPed
writes
together
like this is calted beaming:
two
with
q uavers to be played in
iin..irr.o a beam' Joining up
il;, quavers

Did You or
know?
Grouping notes in two next-door crotchet
a composer writes four quavers to be played
ond beoming when together' for example:
otu"o
f;;i;;t;;otes to ot
quovers mokes beats, it is normal
music eosg
to reod.
T-
T- or T] -

Tl- or
-l .l , or
tl -

the bars'
with correctly beamed quavers to complete
\ tr! rittthe coloured boxes

Hondg tiP!
Composers
sometimes
breok the
olJiciol rules
(gou will see
exomPles oJ
this in the
.s:vir:sld{}
music gou
leorn), but
Uou must
the
Jollow
rules Jor
uour exoms

33

.I
 Beaming guavers inft
ln aftbar, imagine a hidden barrier between beats 1 & 2 and 3 & 4. Never
cross the
barrier by beaming beats 2 and 3 together.

not -l

\ El ritt in the coloured boxes with correctly beamed quavers to complete the
bars.

ll -

34

I
 Beaming a full bar of quavers in fl
When a composer writes six quavers to be played in a fl bar they are normally
beamed together.

-l

\ EI fitt in the coloured boxes with correctly beamed quavers to complete the bars.

3 tl 3 il
4 tl 4 l

3 tl
4 tl

35