Mathematics

ALLEN
Fractions

"T he f irs t on e is an A ga t,
wh ic h is a b rand n am e of
Zlatoust. It's v ery odd in the
sense that it divides minutes
in 1 00 f ra c t ion s , n ot 6 0. I
ha ve n o ide a w h at t he
ap plic ati on mi gh t ha ve
been."

6.1 Fraction as a part of a whole

1
In fig. 1, each fruit is represented by part of the whole. The part that
15
is considered is called the numerator. The number of parts into which the
whole is divided is called the denominator.

THE
SPOT P
LIGHT
Fractions were used as early as
2800 BC in the ancient Indus valley
civilization. Amazingly, the bricks that
Fig. 1
were used to build the great bath
A fraction is a number representing a part of a whole. It is written as were in perfect 4:2:1 ratio.
a
where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. We can also sayy
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

b
a
that = a ÷ b.
b
9 4 15
E.g., , , etc.
17 16 144
A fraction is a number that expresses part of a group. Fractions are written
in the form a/b, where a and b are whole numbers and b ¹ 0.The number
a is called the numerator and the number b is called the denominator.

1 3 34
E.g. , , etc.
2 99 78
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ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
6.2 Types of fractions
Proper fractions
Fractions having numerator less than the denominator are called proper
fractions.

3 6 67
E.g. , , etc.
45 68 987

Improper fractions
Fractions having numerator greater than the denominator are called
improper fractions.

46 3664
E.g. , etc.
9 200
Mixed fractions
Numbers having a whole number part and a fractional part are called
b
mixed fractions. We denote a fraction in the form of a .
c
1 31
E.g. 4 ,19 etc.
3 60
Decimal fractions
THE
SPOT P Fractions having denominator as 10,100 or 1000 or any other higher
power of 10 are called decimal fractions.
LIGHT 6 765 6454
E.g. , , etc.
Every mixed number can be written 100 1000 10000
as an improper fraction and every
improper fraction can be written as Vulgar fractions
a mixed number. Fractions having denominator as whole number other than any power of
10 are called vulgar fractions.

5 546 376
E.g. , , etc.
31 8700 9000
Unit fractions

1 1 1
The fractions having 1 as numerator are called unit fractions. E.g. , , etc.
2 3 6
Simple fractions
Fractions having both numerator and denominator as whole numbers are
called simple fractions.
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7 45 98 77
E.g. , , , etc.
98 876 90 1000
Complex fractions
Fractions having either or both the numerator and denominator as fraction
or mixed number are called complex fractions.
2 1
1
2 5, 3
,
E.g. 1 6 1 etc.
3
3 7 5

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Equivalent fractions
Fractions representing the same value are called equivalent fractions. A
2 4 6 8
few equivalent fraction for are , , etc.
3 6 9 12
Like and unlike fractions
Fractions having the same denominator are called like fractions, whereas
fractions having different denominator are called unlike fractions.
3 66 45
E.g. , , etc. are like fractions.
77 77 77
7 8 4
E.g. , , etc. are unlike fractions.
6 5 7

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.1

In the following questions name the type of fractions
7 3 27
(i) (ii) 2 and (iii)
9 4 5
Explanation
7 THE
(i)
9
is a proper fraction because denominator is greater than numerator..
SPOT P
(ii) 2 and
3
is a mixed fraction because it have a whole number part LIGHT
4 A fraction does not alter its valve if
and a fractional part.
you multiply or divide both numerator
27 and denominator by the by the same
(iii) is a improper fraction because denominator is less than numerator.. non-zero number.
5

Converting unlike fractions to like fractions

Method : Let some unlike fractions be given :
Step 1. Find the L.C.M. of the denominators of all the given fractions.
Step 2. Convert each given fraction into an equivalent fraction having the
above L.C.M. as its denominator.
Thus, given fractions will be converted into like fractions.

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.2

2 5 7 11
Convert the fractions , , , into like fractions.
3 6 9 12
Explanation
L.C.M. of 3, 6, 9, 12 = (3 × 2 × 3 × 2) = 36.
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Now, we shall convert each of the given fractions into the one having 36
as denominator.

2 2 ´ 12 24 5 5 ´ 6 30 3 3,6,9,12
\ = = ; = = ; 2 1,2,3,4
3 3 ´ 12 36 6 6 ´ 6 36
1,1,3,2
7 7 ´ 4 28 11 11 ´ 3 33
= = ; = =
9 9 ´ 4 36 12 12 ´ 3 36

24 30 28 33
Hence, the required like fractions are , , and .
36 36 36 36

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To convert a mixed fraction into an improper fraction
Multiply the whole number with the denominator of the fraction and to this
product add the number of the fraction. Its denominator is the same as the
denominator of the fractional part.
A mixed fraction = A whole number + A fraction

9 7 ´ 11 + 9 77 + 9 86
Eg. 7 = = =
11 11 11 11
To convert an improper fraction into a mixed fraction
97
Consider the improper fraction . On dividing 97 by 6, the quotient = 16
6
and remainder = 1. Here the quotient becomes the natural number part
and the remainder upon the divisor the fractional part.

97 1 r e m ainder
\ = 16 (quotient )
6 6 divisor
16
6 97
-6
37
-36
1

CHECK YOUR CONCEPTS 6.1

1. Classify as proper fraction, improper fractions and mixed numbers.

36 9 48
(i) (ii) 4 (iii)
7 11 97

12
2. Write 11 into an improper fraction
6
3. Convert of unlike fraction into that of like fraction

1 1 5 4
, , ,
3 2 6 5

5 4 1
4. Arrange the following sets in ascending order , ,
6 9 4
6.3 General method of comparing two fractions
Method of cross multiplication

a c
Let and be the two given fractions.
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b d

a c
Cross multiply, as shown : b
d
Find cross products ad and bc
a c
(i) If ad > bc then >
b d
a c
(ii) If ad < bc then <
b d
a c
(iii) If ad = bc then =
b d

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Method of converting the given fractions into like fractions
Change each one of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction with the
denominator equal to the LCM of the denominators of the given fractions.
Now, the new fractions are like fraction, which may be compared.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.1

2 1 5 7
Arrange the fractions , , and
nd in ascending order..
3 6 9 12
Solution
2 1 5 7 3 3, 6 9, 12
The given fractions are , , and .
3 6 9 12 2 1, 2, 3, 4
2 1, 1, 3, 2
LCM of 3, 6, 9, 12 = (3 × 2 × 3 × 2) = 36. 3 1,1,3,1
So, we convert each one of the given fractions 1,1,1,1

into an equivalent fraction with denominator 36.

2 2 ´ 12 24 1 1 ´ 6 6
Now, = = ; = = ;
3 3 ´ 12 36 6 6 ´ 6 36
5 5 ´ 4 20 7 7 ´ 3 21
= = and = = .
9 9 ´ 4 36 12 12 ´ 3 36
6 20 21 24 THE
Clearly,

1 5
36
7
<
36
2
<
36
<
36
.
SPOT P
\ < < < . LIGHT
6 9 12 3
Two fractions having different
1 5 7 2 numerators and denominators can be
Hence, the given fractions in ascending order are , , , .
6 9 12 3 compared by making the
denominators same.
6.4 Expressing one quantity as a fraction of the other
First quantity
Required fraction =
Second quantity
An important note : Both the quantity are taken in the same units.

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.3

Express :
(i) 80 p as a fraction of `5.
(ii) 8 hours as a fraction of 2 days.
(iii) 450 g as a fraction of 1 kg.
Explanation
(i) First quantity = 80 p, Second quantity = (5 × 100) p = 500 p.
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

80 4
\ Required fraction = = .
500 25
(ii) First quantity = 8 hours, Second quantity = (2 × 24) hrs =48 hrs.

8 1
\ Required fraction = =
48 6
(iii) First quantity = 450 g, Second quantity = 1 kg = (1 × 1000) g = 1000 g

450 9
\ Required fraction = = .
1000 20

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6.5 Operation on fractions
1. Addition of fractions
Sum of their numerator
(i) Sum of like fractions =
Common denominator
(ii) If the fractions are unlike fractions then change the given fractions into
equivalent like fractions and then add.

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.4

Find the sum of

3 1 5 5 7 11 4 3 1
(i) + + (ii) + + (iii) 2 + 1 + 3
8 8 8 6 8 12 5 10 15
Explanation
3 1 5 3 +1+ 5 9
(i) + + = =
8 8 8 8 8
(ii) We have
LCM of 6, 8, 12 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 2 = 24
5 7 11 20 + 21 + 22 ì 24 ¸ 6 = 4, 4 ´ 5 = 20 ü
\ + + = ï ï
6 8 12 24 í 24 ¸ 8 = 3, 3 ´ 7 = 21 ý
THE ïî24 ¸ 12 = 2, 2 ´ 11 = 22 ïþ
SPOT P 63 21
= =2
5
LIGHT =
24 8 8
The corresponding fractional (iii) We have
1 1 2 5 ì 30 ¸ 5 = 6, 6 ´ 14 = 84 ü
numbers for , , , are one 4 3 1 ï30 ¸ 10 = 3, 3 ´ 13 = 39 ï
2 4 3 8 2 + 1 + 3
5 10 15 íand ý
half, one quarter, two-thirds, three- ï ï
fifths and five-eights respectively. 14 13 46 î30 ¸ 15 = 2, 2 ´ 46 = 92 þ
= + +
5 10 15
LCM of 5, 10, 15 = (5 × 2 × 3) = 30
84 + 39 + 92 215 43 1
= = = = 7
30 30 6 6

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.2

What is the value of
1 2 3 4 5 6
999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 when simplified?
7 7 7 7 7 7
Solution
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

1 2 3 4 5 6
999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999
7 7 7 7 7 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
= 999 + + 999 + + 999 + + 999 + + 999 + + 999 +
7 7 7 7 7 7

æ1 2 3 4 5 6ö
= 999 × 6 + ç 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 ÷
è ø

21
= 5994 + = 5994 + 3 = 5997.
7

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Properties of addition of fractions
(i) Addition of fractions is commutative :
a c c a
We have : + = + .
b d d b
For example : We have,
4 5 16 + 15 31
+ = = .
9 12 36 36
5 4 15 + 16 31
And, + = =
12 9 36 36
4 5 5 4
Hence, + = +
9 12 12 9
(ii) Addition of fractions is associative :
We have :
a æc eö æa cö e é a c eù
+ç + ÷=ç + ÷ + . ê For all fractions , and ú
b èd f ø èb dø f ë b d fû
For example : We have
1 æ1 + 1ö 1 æ 4 + 3 ö 1 7 6 + 7 13
+ç ÷ = +ç ÷ = + + =
2 è3 4ø 2 è 12 ø 2 12 12 12
æ 1 1 ö 1 æ 3 + 2 ö 1 5 1 10 + 3 13
And, ç + ÷ + = ç ÷ + = + = =
è 2 3 ø 4 è 6 ø 4 6 4 12 12

1 æ1 + 1ö æ1 + 1ö 1
\ +ç ÷ =ç ÷ + . THE
2.
2 è3 4ø è2 3ø 4
Subtraction of fractions
SPOT P
(difference of their numerator)
LIGHT
(i) Subtraction of like fractions = To convert unlike fractions to like
(common denominator)
fractions we find the LCM of the
(ii) If the fractions are unlike fractions then change the given fractions into denominators of the given fractions
equivalent like fractions and then subtract and convert each fraction into an
equivalent like fraction with the LCM
BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.5 as the denominator.

11 19 5 7
(i) Subtract - (ii) Subtract from
12 12 12 8
1 1 1
(iii) Simplify 5 – 3 + 3 + 4
6 4 3
Solution

11 19 11 - 19 -8 -2
(i) - = = =
12 12 12 12 3
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(ii) LCM of 8 and 12 = (4 × 2 × 3) = 24

7 7 ´ 3 21 5 5 ´ 2 10
Now, = = and = =
8 8 ´ 3 24 12 12 ´ 2 24
7 5 21 10 21 - 10 11
\ - = - = =
8 12 24 24 24 24
(iii) We have
1 1 1 31 13 10 4
5 – 3 + 3 +4= – + +
6 4 3 6 4 3 1
62 - 39 + 40 + 48 150 - 39 111 37 1
= = = = = 9
12 12 12 4 4
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ICSE : Class VII
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NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.3
æ1 1ö 1 1
To a number, ç - ÷ is added. From the sum so obtained of is
è3 4ø 3 4

æ1 1ö
subtracted and the remainder is ç 3 + 4 ÷ . Find the number..
è ø
Solution
Let the number be x, then

é æ 1 1 öù 1 1 æ1 1ö
ê x + ç 3 - 4 ÷ ú - 3 of = ç + ÷
ë è øû 4 è3 4ø

æ4-3ö 1 4 + 3
Þx+ ç ÷ - =
è 12 ø 12 12

1 1 7
Þx+ – =
12 12 12
7
Þx= .
12

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.4

5 th 1
If a man spends part of money and then earns part of the remaining
6 2
THE money, what part of his money is with him now?
SPOT P Solution
Let the money with the man at first be Re. 1
LIGHT
Equivalent fraction can be found by 5 5
\ Money spent = of Re. 1 = Re
multiplying or dividing the numerator 6 6
and denominator of a fraction by the
same non-zero number. 5 1
Remaining money = 1 – = Re
6 6
1 1 1
Money earned = of Re = Re
2 6 12
1 1 3 1
\ Total money with him now = Re + Re = Ree = Re
6 12 12 4
1 th
\ part of the money is with him now.
4
3. Multiplication of fractions
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

a c
If and are two fractions, then
b d

a c a´c
´ =
b d b´ d
When we multiply two rational numbers, we multiply the numerator with
the numerator and the denominator with the denominator.

Pr oduct of the numerators

\ Product of two rational numbers =
Pr oduct of the deno min ators

7 9 7 ´ 9 63
Eg. ´ = =
8 5 8 ´ 5 40
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 Mathematics
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BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.6
7 1 2 8 9 1
Simplify : (i) × × (ii) × ×
9 8 4 9 2 7
Explanation
7 1 2 7´ 1 ´1 7
(i) × × = =
9 8 4 9´8´2 144
8 9 1 8 ´1 ´1 4
(ii) × × = =
9 2 7 1´ 2 ´7 7
Multiplication of a fraction by a whole number

1
Let us find out 2 × . This problem can be represented pictorically as
3

1 (Each shaded part

2× = represents 1 part
3
3
of the circle)
1 1
3 3

(Taken together, they show

= 2 part of the circle)
3

1 1 1 2
\ 2´ = + = ( Q Multiplication is repeated addition)
3 3 3 3
Now what multiplication sentence does this picture represent ?
THE
= 1
3× = 3 SPOT P
4 4
LIGHT
Another term used for reciprocal is
multiplicative inverse.
1 4 ´1 4 2 5 ´ 2 10 7 2 ´ 7 14
Thus, 4 ´ = = , 5´ = = , 2´ = =
5 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 5

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.5

2 4
Multiply : (i) ´ 11 (ii) ´ 15
3 9
Solution
2 2 ´ 11 22 1
(i) ´ 11 = = =7
3 3 3 3
5
4 4 × 15 = 20 = 6 2
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

(ii) ´ 15 =
9 93 3 3
Multiplication of a fraction by a fraction
(i) To multiply two or more fractions convert the mixed fractions (if any) to
improper fractions.
(ii) The numerator of the required fraction is the product of the numerators
of the given fractions and the denominator of the required fraction is
the product of the denominators of the given fractions.
(iii) Reduce the answer to the lowest terms or while multiplying cancel the
common factors (if any) from the numerators and denominators of the
given fractions and then proceed as in (ii) above.
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ICSE : Class VII
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NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.6
4 æ1 5ö 4 1 3 3
Simplify : (i) ´ ç + ÷ (ii) 1 ´ 1 - ´
15 è 4 6 ø 5 4 4 5
Solution
4 æ1 5ö 4 æ 3´1 + 5 ´ 2 ö
(i) ´ç + ÷ = ´ç ÷
15 è 4 6 ø 15 è 12 ø
1
4 æ 3 + 10 ö 4 13 13
= ´ç ÷ = ´ = .
15 è 12 ø 15 12 3 45
1
4 1 3 3 9 5 3 3 9 9 9 ´ 5 - 9 ´1
(ii) 1 ´ 1 - ´ = ´ - ´ = - =
5 4 4 5 51 4 4 5 4 20 20
45 - 9 36 9 4
= = = =1 .
20 20 5 5
Operating "of" : 'of' works like multiplication.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.7

1 3 1 12 7
Evaluate : (i) of 36 (ii) of 30 (iii) of (iv) of Rs 56
9 5 4 15 8
Solution
1 1 4
(i) of 36 = ´ 36 = 4
THE 9 91
SPOT P (ii)
3
of 30 =
3 6
´ 30 = 18
LIGHT 5 51
A dyadic fraction is a vulgar fraction 1
3
in which the denominator is a power 1 12 3 12 3
(iii) of = ´ =
of two, e.g. 1/8. 4 15 41 15 5 5
7 7 7
(iv) of Rs 56 = ´ Rs 56 = Rs 49
8 81
Properties of multiplication of fractions
(i) Multiplication of fractions is commutative :
a c æa cö æc aö
For any fractions and , we have ç ´ ÷ = ç ´ ÷
b d èb dø èd bø

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.7

3 5
Consider the fractions and .
4 6
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

Explanation
1
æ3 5ö 3 ´5 3 ´5 5
We have : ç ´ ÷ = = =
è 4 6 ø 4´ 6 4´ 6 8
2
1
æ 5 3 ö 5´ 3 5
And ç ´ ÷ = =
è 6 4 ø 6 ´4 8
2
æ3 5ö æ5 3ö
\ ç ´ ÷=ç ´ ÷
è4 6ø è6 4ø

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(ii) Multiplication of fractions is associative :

a c e æa cö e a æ c eö
For any fractions, , and , we have ç ´ ÷ × = × ç ´ ÷
b d f èb dø f b èd f ø

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.8

3 4 2
Consider the fraction , and .
5 7 3
Explanation
We have :

4
æ3 4ö 2 (3 ´ 4) 2 12 2 12 ´ 2 8
´
ç5 7÷ × = × = × = =
è ø 3 (5 ´ 7) 3 35 3 35 ´ 3 35
1

3 æ4 2ö 3 (4 ´ 2) 3 8 3 ´ 8 8
And, × ç ´ ÷= × = × = =
5 è7 3ø 5 (7 ´ 3) 5 12 5 ´ 21 35
7
THE
æ3 4ö 2 3 æ4 2ö
è
´
ç5 7÷ × = ×
ø 3 5 è
´
ç7 3÷.
ø SPOT P
Use of 'of' LIGHT
Divergent series, where sum is not a
a c c a a c constant. Convergent series, the sum
We define : of = × = × . converges to a constant.
b d d b b d
[By commutative law of multiplication]

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.9

Simplify :

1 8 2 3
(i) of (ii) of `40 (iii) of 36 kg
4 9 5 4

Explanation
We have :

2
1 8 8 1 8 ´1 2
(i) of = × = = .
4 9 9 4 9´ 4 9
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

æ 8 ö
2 ç 2÷
(ii) of `40 = ç 40 ´ ÷ = `16
5 ç 5÷
ç ÷
1ø
è

æ ö
ç 9 ÷
3 3
(iii) of 36 kg = ç 36 ´ ÷ kg = 27 kg
4 ç 4÷
ç 1ø÷
è

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ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
Reciprocal of a fraction
A rational number y is called the reciprocal of a rational number x,
if x × y = y × x = 1
a b
(i) Reciprocal of any fraction =
b a
p
(ii) The reciprocal of a non-zero rational number , also denoted by
q
-1 -1
æpö q æpö q
ç ÷ is , i.e. ç ÷
p
=
p
èqø èqø

(iii) 1 and –1 are the only rational numbers, which are their own reciprocals.
No other rational number is 'its' own reciprocals.
(iv) Since, there is no rational number which when multiplied with 0, gives
1, So zero has no reciprocal.

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.10

Find the reciprocal of
1 9
(i) –8 (ii) - (iii)
7 8
Explanation
(i) Supose x is the reciprocal of –8 then x × –8 = 1
1
x =
-8
THE
SPOT P (ii) Reciprocal of
-1
7
= –7
LIGHT 9 8
Does 0 have a reciprocal ?
(iii) Reciprocal of =
8 9
4. Division of rational numbers
To divide a rational number x by another (non-zero) rational number y,
multiply x by the reciprocal of y.
1 x
x ÷ y = x × (reciprocal of y) = x × = x÷ y=
y y

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.11

3 2 4 -9
Solve (i) ¸ (ii) ¸
4 5 5 10
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

Explanation

3 2 3 2
(i) ¸ = × (reciprocal of )
4 5 4 5

3 5 15
= × =
4 2 8

4 -9 4 10 8
(ii) ÷ = × = -
5 10 5 -9 9

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Division of two fractions
a c æcö æaö æcö
If and are two fractions, where ç ÷ ¹ 0, then ç ÷ ¸ ç ÷
b d èdø èbø èdø
æaö ædö
= ç ÷ ´ ç ÷ i.e. the dividened is multiplied by the reciprocal of divisors.
èbø ècø

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.12

2 1 3 4 1 3
Work out : (i) ¸ (ii) 2 ¸ (iii) 1 ¸ 1
5 2 4 5 2 5
Explanation
2 1 2 2 4
(i) ¸ = ´ =
5 2 5 1 5
3 4 11 5 55
(ii) 2 ¸ = ´ =
4 5 4 4 16
1 3 3 8 3 5 15
(iii) 1 ¸ 1 = ¸ = ´ =
2 5 2 5 2 8 16

6.6 Simplification
BODMAS rule
The sequence of operations followed while simplifying a given expression
is BODMAS, i.e.
(i) Bracket (ii) Of (iii) Division
(iv) Multiplication (v) Addition (vi) Subtraction
Brackets follow the sequence ' ', ( ), { }, [ ], i.e. from innermost to
outermost.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.8

3 7 49 æ 2 1 ö 14
Solve ; (i) ´ ¸ (ii) ç 3 - 3 ÷ ¸
4 18 27 è 3 5 ø 15
Solution
3 7 49 3 7 27 9
(i) ´ ¸ = ´ ´ =
4 18 27 4 18 49 56

æ 2 1 ö 14
(ii) ç 3 3 - 3 5 ÷ ¸ 15
è ø

æ 11 16 ö 14
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

= ç - ÷ ¸
è 3 5 ø 15

æ 55 - 48 ö 14
= ç ÷ ¸
è 15 ø 15

7 15
= ´
15 14
1
=
2

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ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
CHECK YOUR ANSWERS 6.1
1. (i) Improper fraction
(ii) Mixed number
(iii) Proper fraction
2. 13

10 15 25 24
3. , , ,
30 30 30 30

1 4 5
4. , ,
4 9 6

CHECK YOUR CONCEPTS 6.2

1. Solve :
5 3 5 7 3 9 1 4 10 5
(i) of 54 (ii) + + (iii) + – (iv) × ÷
7 4 6 8 9 2 7 9 5 7

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.13

1 1 1
¸ ´
3 3 3 1
Find the value of - ?
1 1 1 9
¸ of
3 3 3
Explanation
(Using BODMAS)

1 1 1 1 3 1 1
¸ ´ ´ ´ 1´ 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 - 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
= - = - = - = - = 0.
1 1 1 9 1 1 9 1 9 9 3´3 9 9 9
¸ of ¸ ´
3 3 3 3 9 3 1

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.9

æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1ö æ 1ö
What is the product ç 1 - 2 ÷ ç 1 - 3 ÷ ç1 - 4 ÷ ...... ç 1 - n ÷ equal to, when
è øè øè ø è ø
simplified?
Solution
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1ö æ 1ö 1 2 3 n - 2 n - 1
ç 1 - ÷ ç 1 - ÷ ç 1 - ÷ ...... ç 1 - ÷ = ´ ´ ´ ....... ´ ´ =
è 2 øè 3 øè 4ø è nø 2 3 4 n -1 n
1
n
NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.10
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

1 1
Anandini complete of her project in 3 days. How long would she
6 2
take to complete the whole project?
Solution
1 1 7
of the project ¾® 3 days = days
6 2 2
7 1 7
\ The whole project, 1 ¾® ¸ = ´ 6
2 6 2
= 21 days

96
 Mathematics
ALLEN
CHECK YOUR ANSWERS 6.2
270 59 197 56
1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
7 24 42 45

CHECK YOUR CONCEPTS 6.3

2 3
1. Find the value of ´
1 5 3 1
1+ of ¸ 1
1 6 2 4
1-
2

Simplification of numerical expressions

To simplify numerical expressions the operations have to be performed
according to the rule of BODMAS, i.e. in the order brackets, of, division,
multiplication, addition, and subtraction.

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.14

Simplify :
1 æ4 5ö 1
(i) - ç of ÷ +
2 è5 6ø 4

æ 2 4ö 1
(ii) ç 4 ´ 5 ÷ ¸ 3
è 3 7ø 4
THE
Explanation
1 æ4 5ö 1
SPOT P
(i) - ç of ÷ +
2 è5 6ø 4
LIGHT
A fraction may also contain radicals
2 1
1 4 5 1 in the numerators and /or the
= - ´ + denominator. If the denominator
2 51 63 4 contains radicals it can be helpful to
1 2 1 6-8+3 rationalize it.
= - + =
2 3 4 12
9-8 1
= = .
12 12
æ 2 4ö 1
(ii) ç 4 ´ 5 ÷ ¸ 3
è 3 7ø 4
æ 14 2
39 ö 13
13
=ç ´ ÷¸
ç 31 7 ÷ 4
è 1 ø

13 2 4
= 26 ¸ = 26 ´ =8.
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

4 13 1

6.7 Use of brackets

3
Handling brackets
The brackets are handled or removed 1
in the order
(i) _; bar or vinculum
(ii) ( ); parenthesis 2
(iii) { }; curly brackets
(iv) [ ]; square brackets 4
Innermost to outermost

97
ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.15
Simplify :
3 ìï 7 æ 3 1 1 ö üï
(i) of í + ç ¸ - ÷ ý
19 ïî 9 çè 4 2 3 ÷ø ïþ

æ 1 1ö 1 æ 1 1ö
(ii) ç 5 - 2 ÷ + of ç 5 ¸ 2 ÷
è 4 3ø 3 è 2 5ø

Explanation

3 ìï 7 æ 3 1 1 ö üï
(i) of í + çç ¸ - ÷÷ ý
19 ïî 9 è 4 2 3 ø ïþ

3 ì 7 æ 3 3 - 2 öü Re move
= of í + ç ¸ ÷ ý
19 î9 è 4 6 øþ '____'

3 ì 7 æ 3 1 öü
= of í + ç ¸ ÷ ý
19 î 9 è 4 6 øþ

3 ì
ï7 3 ü
6 ï
3

= of í + ´ ý Re move ( )
19 ïî 9 4 2
1 ïþ
3 7´ 2 + 9 ´ 9
= of Re move { }
19 18
3 14 + 81
= of
19 18
1 5
3 95 3 95 5
= of = ´ =
19 18 19 1 18 6 6

æ 1 1ö 1 æ 1 1ö
(ii) ç 5 - 2 ÷ + of ç 5 ¸ 2 ÷
è 4 3ø 3 è 2 5ø

æ 21 7 ö 1 æ 11 11 ö
=ç - ÷+ ç ¸ ÷
è 4 3ø 3è 2 5 ø
Perform operations in the two brackets separately
1
21 ´ 3 - 7 ´ 4 1 11 5
= + ´ ´
12 3 2 11 1

63 - 28 5 35 5
= + = +
12 6 12 6
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

15
35 + 5 ´ 2 45 15 3
= = = = 3 .
12 12 4 4 4

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS 6.3

1. 2

CHECK YOUR CONCEPTS 6.4

3 ìï 7 æ 2 1 1 öüï
1. 2
Simplify : 4 ¸ í + ç 1 of - ÷ ý
ç ÷
ïî15 è 3 4 5 øïþ

98
 Mathematics
ALLEN
6.8 Word problems based on fractions

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.11

2
A man spends of his money and has Rs 90 left. How much did he have
5
initially.
Solution
Let the total amount he has be Re 1.
2
Money spent by him = of Re 1
5
æ2 ö 2
= Re ç ´ 1 ÷ = Re
è5 ø 5
\ Money left with him
æ 2ö 3
= Re ç 1 - ÷ = Re
è 5ø 5
But, it is given that he has Rs 90 left.

\ 3 of the whole amount = Rs 90

5
æ 5ö
\ Whole amount = Rs ç 90 ´ ÷ = Rs 150
è 3ø
Therefore, he had initially Rs 150 with him.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.12

5 6
A carpenter cuts off from a plank of its length and then of what
12 7
1
remains. If the remaining piece is 2 m long, find the original length of
2
the plank.
Solution
Whole is assumed as 1.
\ Let us take the total length of the plank as 1m.

5
portion of the plank cut off = m
12
\ The portion of the plank left

5 12 - 5 7
= 1- = = m
12 12 12
\ The portion of the plank cut next
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

6 7 6 7 1
= of m= ´ m= m
7 12 7 12 2
The remaining portion of the plank
æ 5 1ö 5 1 12 - 5 - 6 12 - 11 1
= 1- ç + ÷ =1- - = = = m
è 12 2 ø 12 2 12 12 12

1 1 5
Given, of the length of the plank = 2 m = m.
12 2 2
5 12
\ Length of the plank = ´ = 30 m .
2 1
99
ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.13
1
A man buys a box of fruits containing 286 fruits. Out of these of the
2
4
fruits are apples and the rest pears. of the pears are rotten. He sells
13
1
the good pears at Rs 4 each. How much money does he receive on
11
selling the good pears?
Solution

Whole is always 1.

1
Q Apples are of the total.
2

æ 1ö 1 1 1
\ pears = ç 1 - ÷ = of the total, i.e., of 286 = × 286 = 143.
è 2 ø 2 2 2

4 4 11
Number of rotten pears = of 143 = ´ 143 = 4 ´ 11 = 44
13 13 1
\ Good pears = 143 – 44 = 99

1
\ Amount of money received on selling good pears at Rs. 4 each
11

æ 1 ö æ 45 9ö
= Rs ç 4 ´ 99 ÷ = Rs ç ´ 99 ÷
è 11 ø è 11 1 ø
= Rs (45 × 9) = Rs 405.

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS 6.4

1. 5

CHECK YOUR CONCEPTS 6.5

1. Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one
person withdraws from the arrangement and others share equally the entire
cost of the car, then by how much is the share of each of the remaining
persons is increased in terms of original share ?

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS 6.5

1
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

1. of the original share of each person.

7
3
2. hours
8

100
 Mathematics
ALLEN
EXERCISE # 1
Multiple choice questions 9. The simplified value of
1 2 æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1ö æ 1 öæ 1 ö
1. Express 2 as a fraction of 7 . ç 1 - 3 ÷ ç 1 - 4 ÷ ç 1 - 5 ÷ ... ç 1 - 99 ÷ ç 1 - 100 ÷ is
5 9 è øè øè ø è øè ø
99 143 67 143 2 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)
325 9 200 18 99 25 50 100
æ 999 ö 10. The value of the expression
2. ç 999 ´ 7 ÷ is equal to
è 1000 ø 1ù é 3ù é 5ù é 997 ù
é
ê 2 - ú ê 2 - ú ê 2 - ú .... ê 2 - ú
7 7 ë 3û ë 5û ë 7û ë 999 û
(1) 6993 (2) 7000 is equal to
1000 1000
7 993 1001 1 1
(3) 6633 (4) 6999 (1) (2) (3) 0 (4)
1000 1000 3 999 3
3. If the numerator and denominator of a proper
1 1 1
fraction are increased by the same quantity, then 1+ +
2 4æ2 3 ö 2 3
the resulting fraction is 11. Simplify : ¸ ç + ÷ of
1 7 è 5 10 ø 1 1
1- -
(1) always greater than the original fraction. 2 2 3
(2) always less than the original fraction.
2 1 3 3
(3) always equal to the original fraction. (1) (2) 37 (3) (4) 18
3 2 2 8
(4) None of the above.
1 é 1 ì 3 1 æ 5 2 ö üù 61
995 12. If 5 - ê1 + í2 ¸ 5 ¸ x - ç - ÷ ýú = 2 ,
4. The value of 999 ´ 999 is 6 ë 5 î 4 2 è 6 3 ø þû 120
999
then the value of x is
(1) 990809 (2) 998996
4 3 4 3
(3) 999824 (4) 998999 (1) (2) (3) (4)
13 13 11 11
1 1 1
5. What is the value of of of of 56052 ? 1 1 1
9 6 3 ¸ of
2 + 2´2 2 2 2
(1) 356 (2) 336 13. Simplify : ¸ .
2 ¸2´2 1 1 1
+ of
(3) 376 (4) 346 2 2 2
2 4 3
6. 870 × 5 + 4 ÷ 1 = x. What is the value of 1 1
3 5 5 (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 1
3 8
x?
2 7
(1) 4933 (2) 4930 14. A student instead of finding the value of of that
3 8
7
3 number found the value of of that number. If
(3) 4932 (4) 4935 18
5
his answer differed from the actual one by 770,
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

1 2 3 1 find the number.

7. How much more is of than of ?
2 3 4 3 (1) 1584 (2) 2520 (3) 1728 (4) 1656
1 1 1 7 15. A man leaves his estate to his wife and two sons. If
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 3 12 12 2
the wife receives of the estate and each son
5 3
8. What is the value of ? 1
3 receives of the remainder, find the value of thee
3+ 2
2 entire estate in rupees, if each son receives Rs
1-
3 40000 as his share.
5 5 3 (1) 120000 (2) 200000
(1) 5 (2) (3) (4)
3 12 5 (3) 160000 (4) 240000

101
ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
16. If one-eighth of a pencil is black, half of the 25. One can of juice contains 330 millilitres of juice.
1 How many litres of juice is there in a pack of dozen
remaining is yellow and the remaining 3 cm is cans?
2
blue, then what is the total length of the pencil ? (1) 396 litres (2) 39.6 litres
(3) 3.96 litres (4) 0.396 litres
(1) 6 cm (2) 7 cm (3) 8 cm (4) 11 cm
1 2 3 1
25 26. How much more is of than of ?
2 3 4 3
17. Two-third of a number and of its reciprocal
216 1 1 1 7
(1) (2) (3) (4)
are equal. What is the number ? 4 3 12 12
1
25 5 144 12 27. A rectangular sheet of paper is 12 cm long and
(1) (2) (3) (4) 2
144 12 25 5
2
10 cm wide. Find its perimeter..
3 3
18. The highest score in an innings was of the total
11 1 1
3 (1) 46 cm (2) 12 cm
and the next highest was of the remainder. If 3 2
11 2
the scores differed by 9, the total score was (3) 10 cm (4) None of these
3
(1) 110 (2) 121 (3) 132 (4) 143
1 1
5 3 28. Sareena studies 4 hours in the morning and 2
2 3
19. If 11 is subtracted from 15 and the difference
21 4 hours in the evening. Find total time spent by
is multiplied by 504, what will be the number ? Sareena for studies.
(1) 2024 (2) 2104 5 6 6 9
(1) 6 h (2) 5 h (3) 6 h (4) 8 h
(3) 2274 (4) 2014 6 7 7 7
20. If one-third of one fourth of a number is 15, then
how much is three-tenth of that number ? 1 1
29. Anuja bought 7 kg apples and 4 kg pears.
3 2
(1) 35 (2) 36 (3) 45 (4) 54
Find the total weight of fruits bought by her.
3 1 8 4 2 5 5
21. If all the fractions , , , , , and are 5 5
5 8 11 9 7 7 12 (1) 12 kg (2) 3 kg
6 6
arranged in descending order of their values, which
5 5
one will be the third? (3) 11 kg (4) 7 kg
6 6
1 3 5 8
(1) (2) (3) (4) 30. Rashmi spends 1/5 of her income on rent and 2/5
8 5 12 11
on her food. Find the fraction of her income spent
1 é 1 1 ì 1 1 1 æ 1 1 ö üù on rent and food.
22. Simplify : 4 + ê 2 ´ 2 ¸ í 2 ´ 2 ¸ 2 + ç 2 ¸ 2 ÷ ý ú
ë î è ø þû (1) 1/2 (2) 4/5 (3) 5/7 (4) 9/11
5 1 1 5 31. Rahim spends 2/5 of his leisure time in playing
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 3 9 12 and 1/5 on reading story books and rest by watching
3æ 1 öæ 2 öæ 2 öæ 6 öæ 12 ö T.V. Find fraction of his time spent in watching T.V.
23. ç 1 + ÷ç 1 + ÷ ç 1 - ÷ç 1 + ÷ç 1 - ÷ is equal
4è 3 øè 3 øè 5 øè 7 øè 13 ø
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

(1) 4/5 (2) 7/5

to
(3) 2/5 (4) None of these
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) 32. Rishabh wants to frame a picture. The picture is
5 6 7 9
24. The product of the ten fractions 3
4 cm wide. To fit the picture in the frame, it
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ is
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1
1 362880 should not be more than 4 cm wide. How much
(1) (2) 2
10 3628800 the picture should be trimmed ?
9 (1) 1/10 (2) 3/10 (3) 7/10 (4) 9/10
(3) 0 (4)
10

102
 Mathematics
ALLEN
1 1 3
33. Three packets of milk contain 4 litres, 5 litres 39. A bus covers a distance of 60 km in an hour..
2 4 4
3 2
and 3 litres of milk respectively. These packets Find the distance covered by bus in 2 hours.
4 3
emptied in a can. Now how much milk is there in (1) 162 km (2) 144 km
the can ?
(3) 150 km (4) None of these
2 2
(1) 13 litres (2) 14 litres 1
4 4 40. Length of a rectangular field is 5 m and breadth
4
3 1
(3) 15 litres (4) None of these is 1 m. Find the area of the rectangular field.
4 7
34. Saili planted 4 saplings in row in her garden. The (1) 4 m 2 (2) 3 m 2 (3) 6 m 2 (4) 7 m 2
distance between two sapling is 3/4 m. find the True or false
distance between the first and the last sapling.
13 5
1 1 1 1 1. , are a pair of equivalent fractions.
(1) 7 m (2) 5 m (3) 2 m (4) 9 m 39 15
4 4 4 4
35. Distance covered by a motorcycle in 1 litre of petrol 12
2. is a proper fraction.
5
1
is 45 km. Find the distance covered in 3 litres of
9 3 3
petrol. 3. is greater than .
12 17
(1) 160 km (2) 140 km
(3) 150 km (4) None of these 4. Fractions having the same value are called like
36. Cost of 1 litre of mother dairy full cream milk is fractions.
1 1 13
Rs. 21 . Find the cost of 11 litres of milk. 5. is a number between 2 and 3.
2 2 4
1 1 Fill in the blanks
(1) Rs. 256 (2) Rs. 247
4 4 1. Two or more fractions representing the same part
1 1 of a whole are called __________ fractions.
(3) Rs. 213 (4) Rs. 215
4 4 2. In an improper fraction, the denominator is
37. 2/5 of the students of a class of 50 students like _________ than or ________ the numerator.
mangoes, whereas 1/5 of them like apples and 3. A fraction is said to be in its _________ if the HCF
rest like banana. Find the fraction of the total of the numerator and denominator is 1.
number of students like bananas.
a c
(1) 4/5 (2) 2/5 (3) 7/5 (4) 3/5 4. A fraction is greater than if the cross products
b d
38. Nitin bought 200 packets of sweets. He gave 1/4 ________.
of them to his friend Rahul. Find the number of
packets left with him. 5. The least common denominator of unlike fractions
(1) 160 (2) 180 (3) 150 (4) 170 is the ________ of their denominators.

EXERCISE # 1 ANSWER KEY

node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

Multiple choice questions

Qu e. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
An s . 1 4 1 2 4 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 2 3 4
Qu e. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
An s . 2 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 3

True or false
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False
Fill in the blanks
1. equivalent 2. greater, equal to 3. simplest or lowest form 4. ad > bc 5. LCM

103
ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
EXERCISE # 2
Very short answer type questions 7. Evaluate and then write the reciprocal of the answer
1. Find the missing numbers that make the fractions
3 4 1 5
equivalent. (i) + (ii) 1 + 2
10 5 2 8

5 6 1
(i) = (ii) 48 = 4 12 3 1
12 84 (iii) ´ (iv) 3 - 1
9 10 4 4

21 105 8. Divide :
= 4
(iii) 85 (iv) =
15 90 8 5 3 2
(i) ¸ (ii) 4 ¸
12 18 5 3
2. Reduce the following fractions to the simplest form.

10 16 35 84 48 1 1 2 7
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (iii) 5 ¸ 1 (iv) 8 ¸ 5
15 28 63 98 57 4 8 3 9

9. Check which of the following pairs are equivalent

3. Classify as proper fractions, improper fractions and
fractions.
mixed numbers.
3 24 7 63
4 11 43 2 (i) and (ii) and
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 5 40 12 84
9 8 7 15
8 12 8 16
(iii) and (iv) and
4 14 2 5 12 21 15 30
(v) 7 (vi) (vii) 10 (viii)
5 14 11 3
4 16 60 20
4. Solve the following. (v) and (vi) and
5 25 84 28

1 1 2 4 8 2 1 0 . Write each improper fraction as a mixed number.

(i) + (ii) + (iii) +
3 3 7 7 15 15
29 63 89
(i) (ii) (iii)
4 10 7
5 17 1 0
(iv) + (v) +
22 22 4 4 101 209
(iv) (v)
9 12
5. Solve the following.
1 1 . Write each mixed number as an improper fraction.
3 2 7 4 8 5
(i) - (ii) - (iii) - 3 4 11
5 5 9 9 17 17 (i) 7 (ii) 6 (iii) 11
4 9 13

26 12 3
- (v) 1 - 14 7
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

(iv)
35 35 4 (iv) 9 (v) 12
17 8
6. Multiply : 1 2 . Convert each of the following sets of unlike fractions
into that of like fractions.
3 5 4 3
(i) ´ (ii) ´
4 9 5 8 1 1 5 4 2 3 5 7 11
(i) , , , (ii) , , , ,
3 2 6 5 3 4 6 8 12

9 1 1 5 1 1 7 5 11
(iii) 6 ´1 (iv) 6 ´ 5
10 23 7 6 (iii) , , , ,
3 6 9 12 18

104
 Mathematics
ALLEN
1 3 . Show the following sets of fractions on the number 21. Find the product of :
line.
1 7 18 1 4 7
2 0 4 6 13 2 (i) ´ ´ (ii) 2 ´ 2 ´
2 12 35 7 9 22
(i) , , , , , 4
5 5 5 5 5 5
2 1 6 1
1 5 1 13 9 (iii) 9 ´ 1 ´ ´7
(ii) , , 2 , , 3 29 15 5
3 3 3 3 3 22. Simplify :
1 4 . Arrange the following sets of fractions in ascending
order. æ 3 1ö 3 1 1 1 1
(i) ç 2 - 1 ÷ ´ (ii) 3 ´ 2 - 1 ´
è 4 3ø 4 4 3 4 5
4 10 9 7 5 4 1
(i) , , , (ii) , , 23. Find :
13 13 13 13 6 9 4
5 3 7 11 3 7 9 3 13 11 1 1 1 1
(i) 1 ´2 ¸ 3 (ii) 1 ´ 2 ¸ 1
(iii) , , , (iv) , , , 27 12 9 8 4 14
6 8 16 24 5 15 20 10
1 5 . Arrange the following sets of fractions in descending 1 1 1
(iii) 1 ¸ 2 ´ 4
order. 8 4 3
7 11 1 13 3 1 5 3 1 1 2 7 1
(i) , , , (ii) , , 24. Simplify : + ´2 - ´ ¸1
15 15 15 15 4 6 8 4 2 2 3 8 4
4 11 1 2 3 7 5 11 1 2 3
(iii) , , , (iv) , , , 25. Evaluate : 108 ÷ 36 of + ´3
15 21 7 3 4 8 12 24 3 5 4
Short answer type questions Long answer type Questions
1 6 . Find
2 6 . Mrs. Verma split a bag of chocolates amongst four
1 1
(i) of 14 (ii) of 400 7 7 7
7 8 children. Payal got , Shubh got , Raj got
1 1 15 8 20
(iii) of 30 hours (iv) of 49 minutes
6 7 7
1 1 and Lara got . Arrange the names of the children
(v) of 168 m (vi) of 1000 ml 10
8 20
in the order from least to greatest number of
1 7 . Fill in the missing fraction chocolates.
3 7 2
(i) + =1 (ii) - = 2 7 . Four children order their own small pizza of the same
5 10 10
3 12 7 1 1 3 7
(iii) + = (iv) - - = size. Maria eats of her pizza, Rahul eats of
13 13 12 12 12 4 12
1 8 . Simplify. 3
his pizza, Ronnie eats of his pizza and Vinni eats
3 8 16 æ1 3ö 1 5
(i) + + (ii) ç + ÷ -
10 9 15 è6 8ø 4
5
of her pizza. Who eats the most amount of pizza?
3 æ1 5 ö 6
(iii) - ç + ÷
5 è 6 18 ø
2 8 . Simplify.
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

1 9 . Solve: Express your answer in the simplest form.

1 4 7 3 3 3
(i) 6 - 2 + 1 (ii) 6 - 2 -1
1 5 3 7 3 5 15 10 4 5
(i) 3 + 7 (ii) 4 + 2
2 8 5 10 1 1 11
(iii) 5 + 2 - 5
2 1 7 7 21 3 6 3 12
(iii) 7 + 1 + 4 (iv) 3 +9 +1
3 4 12 10 100 20 2 9 . Radha has 4 routes that she can take to go from
2 0 . Solve the following. home to school.

3 2 11 10 Route A Route B Route C Route D

(i) 5 - 2 (ii) 101 - 99
7 7 31 31 1 1 3 1
1 km 1 km 1 km 1 km
5 5 15 3 4 2 8 8
(iii) 23 - 16 (iv) 12 -7 Arrange the routes in ascending order.
8 6 16 4
105
ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
2 43. A sum of money is divided among three people
3 0 . Naina bought a plant that was 4 cm tall. In the
3 so that the first gets one third of it and the second
7 one-third of the remainder. What fraction of the
first week, it grew 1 cm and the next week it grew
8 first boy's share is the third boy's share?
1
3 cm. Now how tall is Naina's plant? 7
2 44. A magzine has 60 pages of which are for
3 1 . The diagram below shows a circle which is divided 12
4
5 advertising; have only photographs on them
into 16 equal parts. Unshade of the whole circle. 15
8
and the rest are for articles and stories. How many
pages have articles and stories on them?
45. A cricketer made 253 runs in the current IPL
2
season. This is th more than what he made in
9
the previous IPL last year. Howmany runs did he
3 2 . In a family with 11 children, there are 4 boys and 7
make last year.
girls. What fraction of the children are girls ?
3 3 . A work shift for an employee at Mc Donald's consists é æ 1 öù é æ5 3 1 öù
46. Simplify : ê2 ¸ ç 1 + 1 ¸ ÷ú ´ ê3 ¸ ç of ¸ 1 ÷ ú
ë è 2 øû ë è6 2 4 øû
of 8 hours. What fraction of the employee's work
shift is represented by 6 hours? 47. A grocer mixes 20.25 kg of green tea with 35.10
kg of ordinary tea and repacks all tea in 45 packets
3 4 . There are 35 students in a biology class. If 10
of equal weight. How much does each packet of
students made grade A in the first test, what fraction tea weigh?
of the students made grade A?
1
3 5 . Four out of 10 marbles are red. What fraction of 4 8 . One recipe of tangy tomato soup calls for tsp of
2
marbles are not red?
pepper. How could you measure the pepper if you
3 6 . There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. What fraction
of a meter is 20 centimeters? 1
had tsp measuring spoon? What if you had only a
æ2 7ö 3 1 æ5 1 ö 4
3 7 . (i) ç ¸ ÷ (ii) ç ¸ ÷
è7 2ø 4 2 è 6 12 ø
1
3 8 . An estimate for an adult's waist measurement is found tsp measuring spoon?
8
1 4 9 . Rohan had 36 pens. He gave 15 of them to Mike
by dividing the neck size (in inches) by . Revanth's
2 and 11 of them to Karan. What fraction of his original
neck measures 18 inches. Estimate his waist 36 pens does Rohan have left ? Write two equivalent
measurement. fractions for that amount?
39. Gauri spends 0.75 of her salary every month. If
she earns Rs 12000 per month, in how many 1 1 5 2
5 0 . Show , , and 1 on the same number line.
months will she save Rs 39000? 3 2 6 3
40. How many jars each holding 1.75 kg of jam can High order thinking skills (HOTS)
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

be filled from a vessel containing 100 kg of jam,

and how much remains ? 5 1 . Put the following expressions in order, smallest to

3 largest.
41. A tank is full of water. 50 litres more are required
5
to fill it up. How many litres can the tank hold? 2 1 7
(i) of 27, of 36, of 20, 48 ÷ 3
3 4 10
1
42. Mr. Joshi bequeathed of his money to his son,
3
1 2 1 4
to his daughter and the remaining to his wife (ii) of 63, 70 ÷ 7, of 54, of 35
5 9 6 7
who got Rs 42,000. What was the total amount?

106
 Mathematics
ALLEN
5 2 . In a survey, 80 students were asked to vote for their 56. A multiplying number machine changes one fraction
favourite subject from English, Science and Maths. 1
into another fraction by using a rule. If changed
1 1 2
voted for English, voted for Science and the 1 1 1 2 2
5 4 into ; into and into . Into what
rest voted for Maths. How many more votes did Maths 10 7 35 3 15
5
receive than English? fraction will the machine change ?
3
1 1
5 3 . A wheel barrow can hold 26 kg. Four rocks that 57. Your water bottle contains 5 litres of water. You
4 4
1 1 3 1 3
weigh 6 kg, 8 kg, 4 kg and 7 kg are to be drink 1 litres every hour. Do you have enough
8 2 4 2 7
loaded into the wheel barrow. Can the wheel barrow water to last for 4 hours?
hold all the four rocks? 58. What is the least fraction that must be added to
æ 1 1ö 1
1
ç 3 ¸ 1 ÷ ¸ 1 to make the result an integer?
5 4 . Find the missing numerator. è 2ø 9

x 2 1 1
15 + 18 = 34 59. Mrs. Gupta bought 45 metres of fabric. She used
6 3 2 4
1
5 5 . Write an expression with greatest value in the form 38 metres to make 12 curtains and half of the
3
b n y remaining to make four cushion covers ? How much
a + m + x , using the digits 1 to 9. The digits
c p z fabric in metres was used to make a cushion covers?
have to be used only once and the fractional parts have
60. After the 7th grade final exams, karan gave away
to be proper fractions. Also find the value of the 5 2
expression. of his books and sold of the remaining. If
6 5
he had 120 books, how many did he sell?

EXERCISE # 2 ANSWER KEY

Very short answer type questions

2 4 5 6 16
1 . (i) 35 (ii) 8 (iii) 17 (iv) 24 2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
3 7 9 7 19
3 . (i), (iv) are proper fractions. (ii), (iii), (vi) and (viii) are improper fractions. (v), (vii) are mixed numbers.

2 6 2 1 1 1 3 2 1
4 . (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 1 (v) 5. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
3 7 3 4 5 3 17 5 4

5 3 1 5 10 8 7 2
6 . (i) (ii) (iii) 7 (iv) 35 7. (i) (ii) (iii) 1 (iv)
12 10 5 6 11 33 8 5
2 9 2 1
8 . (i) 2 (ii) 6 (iii) 4 (iv) 1 9. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) No (iv) Yes (v) No (vi) Yes
5 10 3 2
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

1 3 5 2 5 31 58 154 167 103

1 0 . (i) 7 (ii) 6 (iii) 12 (iv) 11 (v) 17 11. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
4 10 7 9 12 4 9 13 17 8

10 15 25 24 16 18 20 21 22 12 6 28 15 22
1 2 . (i) , , , (ii) , , , , (iii) , , , ,
30 30 30 30 24 24 24 24 24 36 36 36 36 36

0 2 4 6 13 2 1 5 1 9 13
4 2
5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3
1 3 . (i) (ii)
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

107
ICSE : Class VII
ALLEN
4 7 9 10 1 4 5 3 7 11 5 3 9 7 3
14. (i) , , , (ii) , , (iii) , , , (iv) , , ,
13 13 13 13 4 9 6 8 16 24 6 10 20 15 5

13 11 7 1 3 5 1 2 11 4 1 7 3 11 5
15. (i) , , , (ii) , , (iii) , , , (iv) , , ,
15 15 15 15 4 8 6 3 21 15 7 8 4 24 1 2
Short answer type questions
1 6 . (i) 2 (ii) 50 (iii) 5 hours (iv) 7 minutes (v) 21 m (vi) 50 ml

2 5 9 5 23 7 7
1 7 . (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 18. (i) 2 (ii) (iii)
5 10 13 12 90 24 45

1 3 1 3 1 1 19 3
19. (i) 11 (ii) 7 (iii) 13 (iv) 14 20. (i) 3 (ii) 2 (iii) 6 (iv) 5
8 10 2 50 7 31 24 16

3 2 4 1 1 29 3 1 8 1
21. (i) (ii) 1 (iii) 28 22. (i) 1 (ii) 7 23. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 2 24. 1 25. 10
20 3 5 16 3 80 16 6 15 2

Long answer type questions

19 7
2 6 . Raj, Payal, Lara, Shubh 27 . Vinni 28. (i) 5 (ii) 1 (iii) 1
20 12

1 7 3
2 9 . Route D, Route A, Route C, Route B 30. 10 cm 32. 33.
24 11 4

2 3 1 3
34. 35. 36. 37. (i) (ii) 5 38. 36 inches
7 5 5 49

4
39. 13 months 40. 57 jars ; 0.25 kg 41. 125 litres 42. Rs. 90000 43. 44. 9 pages
3
45. 207 runs 46. 2 47. 1.23 kg

1 1 2 1 1 4
4 8 . Take two of tsp of pepper as = , Take four of tsp of pepper as =
4 2 4 8 2 8

1 5 2 10
1 =
3 6 3 6
5 20 25
49. , and 50.
18 72 90
0 1 2

High order thinking skills (HOTS)

1 7 2 1 2 4
5 1 . (i) of 36, of 20, 48 ÷ 3, of 27 (ii) of 54, 70 ÷ 7, of 63, of 35
4 10 3 6 9 7
node05\B0AI-B0\CBSE\7th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\6_Fractions.p65

52. 28 votes

7 1
5 3 . No. the total weight of the rocks is 26 kg. It is more than 26 kg, the weight than it can hold.
8 4

5 3 1 1
54. x = 5 55. 9 + 8 + 7 ; 26
6 4 2 12

1 1 1 83
56. (Rule : multiply by ) 5 7. No 58. 59. metres 60. 8
3 5 5 96

108