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Lesson 2. Types of Feedback

control system

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31 views24 pages

Lesson 2. Types of Feedback

control system

Uploaded by

Loretta Cruz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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LESSON 2

TYPES OF FEEDBACK
LESSONS COVERED

2.1 Simple forms of feedback


2.2 Block Simplification
2.3 Output feedback
INTRODUCTION

Now that you know about designing and understanding block diagrams,
we will now put them to practice using formulas and equations (yes, you read
that right: an equation). Do not worry, just remember and understand their
purpose and you will be all fine.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this chapter, you will be able to:


To be able to create equations form block diagrams.
To be able to understand transfer functions.
To be able to apply the lesson in practice
2.1 Simple Forms of Feedback
INPUT OUTPUT

SUMMING POINT TAKE OFF POINT

INPUT (R) – the information or activity to be processed.

OUTPUT (C) – the outcome, goal, or finish product.

PROCESS (G) – change in input due to the combination of input and

feedback.

FEEDBACK (H) – initiates when the process does not become the output.

SUMMING POINT – information or activity that needs to refine/change.

TAKE OFF POINT – outcome that is distributed.


What is feedback

If either the output or some part of the output is returned to the


input side and utilized as part of the system input, then it is known
as feedback. Feedback plays an important role in order to improve
the performance of the control systems. In this chapter, let us discuss
the types of feedback & effects of feedback.

2 types of feedback

• Positive feedback
•Negative feedback
Block

The transfer function of a component is represented by a block. Block has a single input and single output.
The following figure shows a block having input X(s), output Y(s), and the transfer function G(s).

Transfer Function:
⇒Y(s)=G(s)X(s)

The output of the block is obtained by multiplying the transfer function of the block with
input.
Summing Point

The summing point is represented with a circle having a cross (X) inside it. It has two or more inputs and
a single output. It produces the algebraic sum of the inputs. It also performs the summation or subtraction
or combination of summation and subtraction of the inputs based on the polarity of the inputs. Let us see
these three operations one by one.

The following figure shows the summing point with two inputs (A, B) and one output (Y). Here, the inputs A
and B have a positive sign. So, the summing point produces the output,Y as the sum of A and B.
The following figure shows the summing point with two inputs (A, B) and one output (Y). Here, the inputs A
and B are having opposite signs, i.e., A is having a positive sign and B is having a negative sign. So, the summing
point produces the output Y as the difference of A and B.

The following figure shows the summing point with three inputs (A, B, C) and one output (Y). Here, the inputs
A and B are having positive signs and C is having a negative sign. So, the summing point produces the output Y
as
2.2 Block Simplification

This is important so that you can convert a complex block diagram into a single
block. Just like solving a long equation. Just remember the following cases.

Simplified to

When blocks are in series, you multiply them.


Simplified to

When blocks are in parallel, you either add or subtract depending on the condition
of the summation point.

Simplified to

Simplifying feedbacks are a bit tricky. To simply understand, place the element
block as the numerator and 1+ (numerator)(feedback).
Shifting Blocks

Sometimes, there are instances that it will be impossible to simplify because the
placement of blocks hinders it. To solve this problem, you need to shift and convert the
blocks.

Converted to

When you move the take-off point from left to right, you must add a block
containing the reciprocal of the block it passed.
Converted to
Converted to

When shifting the take-off point from right to left, you must add a block containing the
block it passed.
Basic rules with block diagram transformation
2.3 Output feedback

1.
2.3 Output feedback

2.
THANK YOU!!

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