8

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Home Economics - Dressmaking
Quarter 0 - Module 4
Hazards and Risks

CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
TLE – Grade 8 Dressmaking
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 0 - Module 4 Hazards and Risks
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Judalyn D. Guerta

Editor: Geraldine F. Vergas
Reviewers: Elizabeth Bautista, Ruby C. Lumen, Ma. Ligaya C. Azarcon, Lorna L. Estal,
Virginia Mahinay
Layout Artist: Eljun A. Calimpusan, Peter A. Alavanza
Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas, Isidro M. Biol, Maripaz F. Magno,
Josephine Chonnie M. Obseňaries, Minerva T. Albis, Imee R. Vicariato,
Genevieve S. Verceles, Corazon F. Adrales

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Caraga Region

Office Address: Teacher Development Center

J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600
Tel. No./Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969
E-mail Address: caraga@deped.gov.ph

ii
 8
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Home Economics - Dressmaking
Quarter 0 - Module 4
Hazards and Risks
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

ii
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 Lesson

1 Workplace Hazards and Risks

Health and safety should always remain a priority in delivering care to our
patients. Hazards and risks must be identified to enforce safety procedures and
protocols. This will ensure effective delivery of care and promote well- being of its
workers.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the question. Write your answer
in your activity notebook.

1. It is the source of potential damage or adverse health effects on something or

someone under certain conditions.
A. hazards
B. psychological
C. risks
D. chemical

2. It is a probability that a person will be harmed if exposed to a hazard.

A. risk
B. psychological
C. ergonomics
D. none of these

3. What substance can cause harm primarily to people?

A. substance
B. hazard
C. chemical
D. psychological

4. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard.

A. risk
B. ergonomics
C. psychological
D. chemical

1
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
5. Which is an example of a hazard?
A. wet floor
B. flower
C. cake
D. baby

6. Which is an example of a risk?

A. trips
B. electricals
C. scissors
D. knife

7. What is a risk assessment?

A. The process of identifying hazards
B. The process of analyzing or evaluating the risk associated with hazard
C. Method of determining appropriate ways to eliminate or control the
hazard
D. all of these

8. Adverse health effects include:

A. bodily injury
B. disease
C. effects on developing fetus
D. all of these

9. It is the structures of cells that can lead to illness or health problems.

A. adverse health effects
B. hazard
C. risk
D. ergonomics

10. This type of hazard is caused by poor workplace design, awkward body
postures, and repetitive movements.
A. psychological
B. ergonomics
C. chemical
D. biological

11. It refers to substances that threaten your physical safety.

A. chemical
B. ergonomics
C. biological
D. physical

2
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
12. It is a plan devised for an exceptional risk that would have catastrophic
consequences.
A. project plan
B. house plan
C. contingency plan
D. evacuation plan

13. Which is an example of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A. gloves
B. respirators
C. earmuffs
D. all of these

14. The protective equipment used to protect the dress is referred to as

A. respirators
B. safety clothing
C. earmuffs
D. headbands

15. How to avoid injury in a sewing machine?

A. examine the sewing machine
B. evaluate the ergonomics
C. clear your surroundings
D. all of these

3
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 Lesson

4 Hazards and Risks

This Lesson in Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is an exploratory

and introductory course which focuses on the risks and hazards in the workplace.
After using this module, you will be able to follow proper health and safety
protocols to avoid the adverse effect of hazards and risks.

What’s In

In our previous discussion, we’ve learned the significance of maintaining a

functional sewing machine as a potent tool in any sewing activity. To assess your
learning, you have to answer the activity below. Give your honest response as
much as possible so we can determine your skills about the proper care of the
sewing machine.

Activity 1
Directions: Answer each question honestly based on what you’ve learned. Use your
activity notebook to write the answers.

1. What do you think is the reason why we need to clean and keep the
sewing machine lubricated at all times?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the parts of the machine that needs to be cleaned and
lubricated?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is it important to know the remedies for every machine trouble

you’ve encountered?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 What’s New

Hazard is any source of potential harm, damage, or adverse health effects on

something or someone under certain conditions at work. It may consist of the steps
on how to protect workers from exposure to a substance or any health hazard. To
test your skills about the lesson, let us answer the activities below:

Activity 1
A. Directions: Examine your environment then give examples of possible
hazards and risks that may cause injury to a person.
_____________________ _______________________ _______________________
_____________________ _______________________ _______________________
_____________________ _______________________ _______________________

B. Directions: Tell whether the following is a Hazard or Risk. Write your answer
in your activity notebook.

__________1. Electricals ________6. Pricks

__________2. Trips ________7. Seam Ripper

__________3. Spillage of wet substance ________8. Cutting cloth

__________4. Falls ________9. Cloth dust

__________5. Scissors ________10. Fire

What is It

LO1. Identify and Evaluate Hazards and Risks

LO1.2 Explain Workplace Hazards and Risks

Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational Health and Safety is the campaign and maintenance of the

health of workers in every occupation. It deals about keeping the workplace/ area
clean and keeping the workers safe from any hazardous circumstances. As an
effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members of the community who are
affected by the workplace environment.

5
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
Hazards and Risks

What is a Hazard?

Hazard is defined as source of potential damage, cause accident or danger to

something or someone. A hazard can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals
as health effects or organizations as property or equipment losses).

What are the examples of Hazard?

Examples of Hazard that can cause harm or adverse health effect to a person
under certain conditions. See Table 1.

Table 1
Examples of Hazards and Their Effects
Workplace Hazard Example of Hazard Example of Harm Caused
Thing Knife Cut
Substance Benzene Leukemia
Material Asbestos Mesothelioma
Source of Energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips fall
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice Hard rock mining Silicosis

As shown in Table 1, workplace hazards also include practices or conditions

that release uncontrolled energy like:

• an object that could fall from a height ( potential or gravitational energy)

• a runaway chemical reaction (chemical energy)
• the release of compressed gas or steam (pressure: high temperature)
• entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy), or
• contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy)

What is Risk?

Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience

an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with
property or equipment loss.

What is Risk Assessment?

Risk Assessment is the process where you:

o identify hazards;
o analyze or evaluate the risk associated with the hazard; and
o determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.
Factors that influence the degree of risk:
- how much a person exposed to a hazardous thing or condition
- how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact)
- how severe are the effects under the conditions of exposu

6
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
LO1.2 Identify Hazards and Risks in the Workplace

Types of Hazards

1. Chemical Hazards is any substance that can cause harm, primarily to

people. Any chemical substance can result in severe injuries if not properly
handled. Examples are bleach, fumes, gasoline, chlorine, etc.

2. Electrical Hazard is a dangerous condition where a worker could make

electrical with energized equipment or a conductor, and from which the
person may sustain an injury from shock. It is a potential for a worker to
receive an arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast injury. With adequate
safety measures in place, every electrical injury and fatality can be
prevented.

3. Ergonomic Hazard is the repetitive and forceful movements of workers,

employers, and their families. Examples are poor workplace design,
awkward body mechanics or postures, and repetitive movements.

4. Psychological Hazards relates to mental and behavioral disorders.

5. Radiation Hazards (RADHAZ) describes the hazards of electromagnetic

radiation to fuels, electronic hardware, ordinance, and personnel. In the
military, these hazards are segregated as follows:
1.) Hazards of Electromagnetic
Radiation to Personnel (HERP)
2.) Hazards of Electromagnetic
Radiation to Ordnance (HERO)
3.) Hazards of Electromagnetic
Radiation to Fuel (HERF)

6. Biological Hazards or biohazard is anything coming from living organisms

(i.e., pollen, fungi, animals, insects, bacteria, and viruses).

7. Physical Hazards are those substances that threaten your physical safety.
The most common types of physical hazards are fire, explosion, and
chemical reactivity.

Hazard Management
One of the most important duties required by OHS law of all workers,
including volunteers, is to keep the workplace as safe as possible. An excellent way
to do this is to use the 4 ‘SAFE’ steps:
Spot the hazard.
Assess the hazard.
Fix the hazard.
Evaluate the result

7
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
Safe operating procedure in using the sewing machine

1. Do not use machines unless you had instruction and training in their safe
use and operation.
2. Teacher permission must be given when operating the sewing machine.
3. Read and understood the instruction sheet, completed the safety test with a
100% score, and demonstrated competence and safe use.

Pre – Operational Safety

1. Always check that the sewing machine and its cord are in good working
condition.
2. Check all adjustments and settings carefully before commencing any sewing
operation.
3. The workplace should be clean and free of equipment, rubbish, and other
obstacles.

Operating Safety Precautions

• Make sure all other students keep away from the workplace at all times.
• One person only is to operate a sewing machine while another person is
sewing.
• Do not wear loose clothing, especially long sleeves and neckties.
• Turn the power off when making adjustments to the sewing machine, such
as changing the presser foot and needle.
• Never race the sewing machine at high speed.
• Take care not to machine over pins.
• Make sure the thread take-up lever is in the upper position before pulling
out the fabric and in cutting threads.
• It is important to keep the machine as free of lint as possible.
• Do not push or pull the fabric sewing. Let the machine do the work – your
hands should guide the fabric without forcing it.

LO1.3 Causes of Hazards and Risks

A. Hazards encountered when using the sewing machine includes the

following:
• Cuts and injuries from sharp edges, knife blades, scissors, and pins.
• Finger injuries while sewing.
• Back injury due to poor posture and improper lifting procedures.
• Eye strain from poor lighting.

B. Exposure to physical agents

Exposure to loud noise can result in permanent hearing damage, such as

noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus. Electromagnetic fields may also be found
in some workplaces in the textile sector.

8
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 Accidents in the textiles sector. The textile sector has many hazards that can
cause injury to workers, from transport in the workplace (lift truck), dangerous
large work equipment and plant, to the risk of slips from a wet working
environment. also The risks of fire and explosions, for example, from heating
plants used for vapor generation.
Psychosocial issues in the textiles sector. Work-related stress has been
defined as being experienced when the demands of the work environment exceed
the workers‘ ability to cope with or control them.
How do you avoid hazards and risks?

It can be done through:

1. Elimination – remove the hazard from the workplace. Hazard can be

substances, materials, or processes.
2. Substitution – Replace the toxic material with a less toxic or alternative
substitute.
3. Engineering control –
a) Isolation, barrier.
o Interrupt the pathway between hazard and worker
o Either enclosure to isolate source or isolate the worker from a
contaminated environment.
b) Ventilation

o Dilution ventilation
o Local exhaust ventilation
4. Administrative Record
These are all about identifying and implementing the procedures you need to
work safely, e.g.,
a. Reducing the time of workers are exposed to hazards (job rotation)
b. Increasing safety signage
c. Prohibiting the use of mobile phones in hazardous areas
d. Supervision/ support
e. Education and training
5. Personal Protective Equipment
a. Body protection (e.g., for your eyes, hand, and head)
b. Respirators

9
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 What’s More

Activity 1
Directions: Determine the type of hazards based on the description given in each
item. Arrange the scrambled letters to come up with the correct answer. Use your
activity notebook.
1. Type of hazard which is caused by a repetitive and forceful movement.

ROGIMCENO

2. It refers to any substance that can result in severe injuries if not properly
handled, such as bleach and fumes.

HALECMCI

3. Living organisms such as insects, bacteria, and viruses are a type of hazard
which can be classified as

LOB GIIOCLA

4. What type of hazard do fires, explosion, and chemical reactivity belong?

HIYSCAPL

5. Mental and behavioral disorder belongs to what type of hazard?

PCOSYHOLAGICL

10
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
Activity 2

Direction: Select the correct answer from the word the pool below that matches the
statement of the given examples of hazard in each item. Use your activity notebook.

Biological Chemical Ergonomic

Physical Psychological Safety

__________ 1. Noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and

pressure.
__________ 2. Improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment.
__________ 3. Some examples of this type of hazard are solid, liquid, vapor
or
gaseous substances, dust, fume, or mist.
__________ 4. This hazard is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria,
fungi and parasites.
__________ 5. It refers to inadequate and insufficient machine guards,
unsafe
workplace conditions, unsafe work practices.

Activity 3
Directions: In the table below, write down the different types of hazards and
identify its causes then suggest ways on how to avoid it. You may use your activity
notebook to record your responses.

Name of Hazard Causes How to avoid

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

11
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Read each statement carefully. In your activity notebook, write the
correct missing word each number.
1. ______________ is any source of potential damage, harm, or adverse health
effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
2. ______________ is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or
experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
3. ______________ is any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people,
and can result in severe injuries if not properly handled or if carelessly used.
4. ______________ may cause worker an arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast
when a worker makes electrical contact.
5. _______________ are physical conditions that may pose a risk of injuries such
as the muscles or ligaments of the lower back, tendons or nerves of the
hands/wrists, or bones surrounding the knees, resulting in a
musculoskeletal disorder.
6. ______________ are aspects of the work environment that are associated with
mental disorders and physical injury or illness.
7. ______________ describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels,
electronic hardware, the ordinance, and personnel.
8. ______________ are those substances that threaten your physical safety.
9. ______________ are organic substances that present a threat to the health of
people.
10. ______________ is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or
other types of demand placed on them at work.

What I Can Do

Activity 1
Directions: Observe your environment and identify the hazards that might
cause injury, then classify as to what type of hazard they belong. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.

Hazards Examples

1. Biological

12
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
 2. Chemical hazards

3. Ergonomic hazards

4. Physical hazards

5. Psychological hazards

6. Electrical

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. How are we going to avoid injury in a sewing machine?

A. examine the sewing machine
B. evaluate the ergonomics
C. clear surroundings
D. all of these

2. The protective equipment used to protect the dress is called

A. respirators
B. safety clothing
C. earmuffs
D. headband

3. Which of the following is an example of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A. gloves
B. respirators
C. earmuffs
D. all of these

4. It is a plan devised for an exceptional risk that would have catastrophic

consequences.
A. project plan
B. house plan
C. contingency plan
D. evacuation plan

13
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
5. It refers to substances that threaten your physical safety.
A. chemical
B. ergonomics
C. biological
D. physical

6. This type of hazard is caused by poor workplace design, awkward body

postures, and repetitive movements.
A. psychological
B. ergonomics
C. chemical
D. biological

7. The structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems.

A. adverse health effects
B. hazard
C. risk
D. ergonomics

8. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed if exposed to a hazard is

referred to as
A. psychological
B. risk
C. ergonomics
D. none of these

9. Risk assessment is the process where you?

A. The process of identifying hazards
B. The process of analyzing or evaluating the risk associated with hazard
C. Method of determining appropriate ways to eliminate or control hazard
D. All of these

10. Which of the following is the example of risk?

A. trips
B. electricals
C. scissors
D. knife

11. Which of the following is the example of a hazard?

A. wet floor
B. flower
C. cake
D. baby

14
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
12. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard.
A. risk
B. ergonomics
C. psychological
D. chemical

13. What substance can cause harm primarily to people?

A. substance
B. hazard
C. chemical
D. psychological

14. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed if exposed to a hazard is
referred to as
A. psychological
B. risk
C. ergonomics
D. none of these

15. The source of potential damage or adverse health effects on something or

someone under certain conditions at work is called
A. hazards
B. psychological
C. risks
D. chemical

Additional Activities

Activity 1
Directions: Look and cut pictures showing different types of hazards and risks then
give a short description of every photo. Paste the images in a long bond paper.

15
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
16
What’s New
What I Have Learned A.Types of What I Know
Hazard(Physical,ergonomics,
1. Hazard 1. A
chemical,biological,psychological)
2. Risk 2. A
B.1.Hazard
3. chemical hazards 3. C
2. Risk
4. electrical hazards 4. C
3. Hazard
5. ergonomical hazards 5. A
4. Risk
6. psychological hazards 6. A
5. Hazard
7. radiation hazards 7. D
6. Risk
8. physical hazards 8. D
7. Hazard
9. stress 9. A
8. Risk
10. work related stress 10. B
9. Risk
11. D
10. Risk
12. C
Assessment 13. D
14. B
What I can Do? 15. D
1. D
Activity 1
2. B
1.Physical, ergonomics, psychological,
3. D What's More
chemical and biological hazards.
4. C Activity 1
2.
5. D
• how much a person is exposed to
6. B 1. Ergonomic Hazards
7. A hazardous thing or condition,
2. Chemical Hazards
8. B • how the person is
3. Biological Hazards
9. D exposed(breathing air vapor, skin
4. Physical Hazards
10. A contact),
5.Psychological Hazards
11. A • how severe are the effects under
12. C the conditions of exposure. Activity 2
13. C 1.Physical Hazards
14. B 2. Ergonomic Hazards
15. A Activity 2 3. Chemical Hazards
1.dyeing 4.Biological Hazards
2.Bladder cancer 5.Safety Hazard
3. Substance
4. Chronic
5. Swelling
Answer Key
References

Books

K to 12 BEC Technology and Livelihood Education: Learning Dressmaking/

Tailoring, Department of Education

Learning Material Home Economics: Dressmaking /Tailoring, Department of

Education

Internet
“K to 12 Dressmaking and Tailoring Learning Modules” 2019
Retrieved from
https://idoc.pub/documents/k-to-12-dressmaking-and-tailoring-learning
modules-qn8580o7qkn1 on May 29, 2020

“Hazard Assessment and Job Safety Analysis” 2018

https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/fy16_sh-29629sh6_HAandJSA
trainingmanual.pdf on May 29, 2020

“Hazard Recognition and Identification” 2012

Retrieved from
https://www.pecsafety.com/safetymeetings/2012-08-Hazard-Recognition-
Presentation.pdf on May 31, 2020

“Hazard and Risk” 2020

Retrieved from
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/hazard_risk.html on May 31,
2020

“Types of Hazards – Alison” 2020

Retrieved from
https://alison.com/topic/learn/31998/types-of-hazards on June 1, 2020

“Hazard and Risk”1997

Retrieved from
http:// www.ccohs.ca/ oshanswers/hsprograms/ hazard_risk.html
www.dehp- facts.com/Clab/Cl_hazard.htm Dreamstime.com/ Karwan Manhood
Khudhir on June1, 2020

17
CO_Q0_TLE 8_Module 4
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 634-1054; 634-1072; 631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph *blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph