Department of Mechanical Engineering

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SAINT PETER'S COLLEGE
Iligan City
FINAL EXAM
May 18, 2021

AEE 4 – BASIC THERMODYNAMICS

1. A gas turbine working on air standard Brayton cycle has air enter into the compressor at atmospheric
condition and 22°C. The pressure ratio is 9 and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1077°C.
Compute for the efficiency per kg of air in percent.
2. In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 227°C and 43 m/s. The products
of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kPa, 1004°C and 140 m/s. liquid fuel enters the heating
value of 43,000 kJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio of 0.0229, what is the combustor efficiency of the unit in
percent?
3. In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 227°C and 43 m/s. The products
of combustion leave the combustor at 517 kPa, 1007°C and 140 m/s. liquid fuel enters the heating
value of 43,000 kJ/kg. the combustor efficiency is 95%. What is the air-fuel ratio? Note:
Properties of air:
T(K) h(kJ/kg)
500 503.2
1280 1372.25

4. Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine at 100 kPa and 300 K with a volume flow rate of 5.81
m3/s. The compression pressure ratio is 10 and its isentropic efficiency is 85%. At the inlet to the
turbine, the pressure is 950 kPa and the temperature is 1400 K. The turbine has an isentropic
efficiency of 88% and the exit pressure is 100 kPa. On the basis of an air-standard analysis, what is
the thermal efficiency of the cycle in percent?
5. What is the thermal efficiency of an air-standard Brayton cycle if the pressure ratio is 10?
6. In a simple gas turbine plant working on the ideal constant pressure cycle, air is taken into the
compressor at 1 bar, 16°C and delivered at 5.4 bar. If the temperature at turbine inlet is 700°C.
Calculate the ideal thermal efficiency? Take k = 1.4.
7. Air is drawn into a gas turbine working on the constant pressure cycle at 1 bar 21°C and compressed
to 5.7 bar. The temperature at the end of heat supply is 680°C. Taking expansion and compression to
be adiabatic where Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg-K, Cp = 1.055 kJ/kg-K, calculate the heat energy supplied per kg
at constant pressure.
8. What is the thermal efficiency of an air-standard Brayton cycle if the air enters and leaves the turbine
at 1000 K and 550 K respectively?
9. There are required 2200 kW net from a gas turbine unit for pumping of crude oil. Air enters the
compressor section at 100 kPa, 280 K, the pressure ratio r p = 10. The turbine section receives the hot
gases at 1,100 K. Assume the closed Brayton cycle and determine the required air flow.
10. In an air-standard Brayton cycle, the compressor receives air at 101.325 kPa, 21°C and it leaves at
600 kPa at the rate of 4 kg/s. Determine the turbine work if the temperature of the air entering the
turbine is 1000°C.
11. A boiler operates at 1.24 MPa abs and delivers dry and saturated steam, which is expanded to 100
kPa atmospheric pressure in a steam engine having a steam rate of 12 kg per horsepower hr.
Temperature of feedwater is 93°C. Find the Rankine vapor cycle efficiency.
12. A 50 MW thermal plant has a thermal efficiency of 32% based on its combined output. If the plant
operates continuously ( 24 hr/day ) . How many tons of coal is burned per day at 30,000 kJ/kg to
produce the desired output. Take boiler efficiency as 85%, and how many m 3 per hour sea water ( SG
= 1.05 ) is required is the condenser if Cpw = 4.2 kJ/kg•K and Δtw = 10°C.
13. During the process of raising steam in a boiler, when the pressure was 1.9 bar gauge the temperature
inside the boiler was 130°C and when the pressure was 6.25 bar gauge (0.625 MPag) the temperature
was 165°C. If the volume of the steam space is constant at 4.25 m3. Calculate the mass of steam.
14. A turbine in a Rankine cycle has an available enthalpy of 1000 kJ/kg. Determine the net cycle output
if the mass flow rate is 6 kg/s and the pump work is 150 kJ/kg.
15. In a Rankine cycle, steam enters the turbine at 2.5 MPa and condenser of 50 kPa. What is the thermal
efficiency of the cycle?
Steam properties: at 2.5 MPa, hg = 2803.1 kJ/kg, Sg = 6.2575 kJ/kg-K and at 50 kPa, Sf = 1.0910
kJ/kg-K, Sfg = 6.5029 kJ/kg-K, hf = 340.49 kJ/kg, hfg = 2305.4 kJ/kg, vf = 0.0010300 m3/kg.
16. A superheat steam Rankine cycle has turbine inlet conditions of 17.5 MPa and 530°C expands in a
turbine and polytropic efficiencies are 0.9 and 0.7 respectively. Pressure losses between pump and
turbine inlet are 1.5 MPa. What should be the pump work in kJ/kg?
17. Steam enters the superheater of a boiler at a pressure of 25 bar and dryness of 0.98 and leaves at the
same pressure at a temperature of 370°C. Calculate the heat energy supplied per kg of steam supplied
in the superheater.
Steam properties: At 25 bar and 370°C h = 3171.8 kJ/kg
At 25 bar hf = 962.11 kJ/kg hfg = 1841.0 kJ/kg
18. Steam expands adiabatically in a turbine from 2000 kPa, 400°C to 400 kPa, 250°C. What is the
effectiveness of the process in percent assuming an atmospheric temperature of 15°C. Neglect
changes in kinetic and potential energy.
Steam properties:
At 2000 kPa and 400°C
h = 3247.6 kJ/kg S = 7.1271 kJ/kg•K
At 400 kPa and 250°C
h = 2964.2 kJ/kg S = 7.3789 kJ/kg•K
19. In an open feedwater heater for a steam power plant, saturated steam at 7 bar is mixed with subcooled
liquid at 7 bar and 25°C. Just enough steam is supplied to ensure that the mixed steam leaving the
heater will be saturated liquid at 7 bar when heater efficiency is 90%. Calculate the mass flow rate of
subcooled liquid is steam flow rate is 0.865 kg per second.
Steam Properties:
At 7 bar, saturated vapor
hg = 2763.5 kJ/kg
At 7 bar, saturated liquid
hf = 697.22 kJ/kg
At 7 bar, and 25°C:
hf = 105.5 kJ/kg
20. A steam power plant operates with an initial pressure of 1.70 MPa and 370°C temperature and
exhaust to a heating system at 0.17 MPa. The condensate from the heating system is returned to a
boiler at 65.5°C and the heating system utilizes from its intended purpose 90% of the energy
transferred from the steam it receives. The turbine efficiency is 70%. If the boiler efficiency is 80%,
what is the cogeneration efficiency of the system in percent. Neglect pumpwork.
Steam properties:
At 1.7 MPa, and 370°C
h = 3187.1 kJ/kg
At 1.7 Mpa
hf = 483.20 kJ/kg
hfg = 2216.0 kJ/kg
Sf = 1.4752 kJ/kg
Sfg = 5.7062 kJ/kg•K
At 65°C

GOOD LUCK!

Prepared by:

DATU AYONG-AYONG/PROFESSOR BERNABE Q. SANCHEZ, Ph. D.