The Development of an Automated Irrigation System Using an Open Source Microcontroller

The Development of an Automated Irrigation System

Using an Open Source Microcontroller
A. Hassan1, W. M. Shah1, N. Harum1, N. Bahaman1 and F. Mansourkiaie2
1
Center for Advanced Computing Technology, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology,
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
2
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland,
St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B3X5, Canada

aslindahassan@utem.edu.my

Abstract—This paper proposes an automated considered as a critical need in the agriculture

irrigation using Arduino microcontroller system sector for future global food security [2], [3].
which is cost effective and can be used in a farm or However, continuous increase in demand for
in an average home garden. The proposed system is water by domestic and industrial sectors and
developed to be automatically watering the plants greater concerns for environmental quality have
when the soil moisture sensor detected water created a challenge to every country to reduce
insufficiency in the soil by using the Arduino as the farm water consumption while sustaining
the center core. The automated irrigation system the fresh food requirement [4]. Consequently,
is a fully functional prototype which consists of there is an urgent need to create strategies based
a soil moisture sensor; an LCD display to show on science and technology for the sustainable
the moisture percentage and pump status; a relay use of water. Industrialist and researchers
module which is used to control the on and off are working to build efficient and economic
switch of the water pump; and a water pump. automatic systems to control water usage in
When the soil moisture sensor senses the dry soil, order to reduce much of the wastage.
it will show the moisture percentage on the LCD Irrigation is an artificial application of
display, and the relay module will switch on the watering the land for agricultural production.
water pump automatically to start the watering The requirement of water for soil depends on
process or vice versa. Hardware testing is soil properties such as soil moisture and soil
conducted to ensure the proposed system is fully temperature.
functional. Effective irrigation can influence the entire
growth process and automation in irrigation
Keywords—microcontroller; sensor; automated system using modern technology can be used
irrigation system to provide better irrigation management. In
general, most of the irrigation systems are
manually operated [5]. These traditional
I. INTRODUCTION techniques can be replaced with automated

F resh water is needed for crop and energy

production, industrial fabrication as
well as human and ecosystem. According to
techniques of irrigation to use water efficiently
and effectively [6]. Conventionally, farmers
must be present in their fields to do irrigation
AQUASTAT database, in the year 2010, 69% process. Nevertheless, nowadays farmers need
of the total extracted freshwater is used by to manage their agricultural activity along with
the agriculture sector, whereas 19% is used other occupations. A sensor based automated
by industrial sector and the rest in used by irrigation system provides a promising solution
domestic segment [1]. Therefore, water can be to farmers where the presence of a farmer in
the farm is not compulsory anymore during the
Article history: Manuscript received 12 March 2019; received in
process of irrigation.
revised form 06 April 201X; Accepted 08 April 2019.

ISSN: 2590-3551 eISSN: 2600-8122 Vol. 3 No. 1 April 2019 101

 pump supplies water to the plants. In [13], a smart drip water
International Journal of Human and Technology Interaction irrigation system using Raspberry Pi and Arduino is proposed
level o
for the home automation system. A drip irrigation system for ele
makes the efficient use of water where the water is slowly immed
Arduino is a flexible programmable hardware II.roots
dripped to the METHODOLOGY
of the plants through narrow tubes and
valves. The water flows from the system can be remotely B. High-l
platform and designed to control the circuit A. Functional Requirements
controlled via email. Figure 2
logically. Central to the Arduino interface Fig.1 shows a functional block diagram of irrigation sy
board is the main component of an integrated the proposed automated irrigation system. It
II. METHODOLOGY starts from
circuit chip that can be programmed using includes several functional blocks, namely: level of moi
A. Functional Requirements Arduino to
C++ language [7]–[9]. This micro controller is acquisition block, microcontroller block,
Fig.1 shows a functional block diagram of the proposed status of the
an AVR type, produced by Atmel firm. The automatic
automated functional
irrigation system. block, and
It includes monitoring
several functional to be displa
blocks, relay to sign
device can read an input, process a program, block. namely: acquisition block, microcontroller block,
automatic functional block, and monitoring block.
and produce many outputs based on project
requirements. In this paper, the development
of an automated irrigation system based on
Arduino micro controllers is presented. In this
system, a soil moisture sensor is used to detect
and check the soil humidity of a plant. Based on
the soil moisture level from the soil, the system
will let the water pump to automatic water the
plant when it is too dry and turn off the water
pump when the soil of the plant is wet.
In the previous works related to the
automated watering techniques, it can be
Fig. 1. Functional block diagram
found that the Arduino based sensors have Fig. 1. Functional block diagram
been utilized for the plant watering system
•  Acquisition
Acquisition block block
[10]–[12] and automated irrigation systems This block consists of one of soilone
moisture
This block consists soilsensor which
moisture
[13]–[19]. A number of the automated irrigation takes the data from the soil. It depends on the moisture
sensor which takes the data from the soil.
system proposed have extended their intelligent level of the soil whether to send high or low voltage to the
Itmicrocontroller
depends on to the
showmoisture level
that it is wet of When
or dry. the soilthe
features such as adapting to weather conditions
whether
soil is wet,to send
it will sendhigh or low
the low outputvoltage to the
voltage, whereas
[20] and. Integrating big data analytics in when it is dry, it willto send the high output
microcontroller show that it voltage.
is wetThis or
forecasting water requirement in an irrigation sensor is directly connected to Arduino microcontroller.
dry. When the
 Microcontroller block
soil is wet, it will send the
field [21].
low
In thisoutput voltage,
block, Arduino Unowhereas when it which
is the microcontroller is dry,is Fig. 2. T
An Arduino Based Automatic Plant
itthewill
core send
hardware theof high output
this project. voltage.
It receives the This
input
Watering System is proposed in [10] where the from the soil moisture sensor and processes the input
sensor is directly connected to Arduino C. Hardw
authors developed the Arduino microcontroller based on the requirement coded in the microcontroller.
 microcontroller.
Figure 3
Automatic Functional Block
used to control two functional components proposed sy
• Microcontroller
This block includes block
the automated watering function of
necessary at
which are the moisture sensors and the motor/ the system.
In this The automated
block, function consists
Arduino Uno of twois main
the  Arduin
water pump to automatically water the plant. controlling hardware, which is relay module and DC
microcontroller which is the core hardware
watering pump. The relay is an automatic electric switch
The Ar
The moisture sensor’s function is to sense the which
of
thatthis
uses anproject. It receives
electromagnet to move thetheswitch
inputfromfrom
OFF Arduin
level of moisture in the soil whereas the water
the
to ON soilor moisture
vice versa. sensor
The switch and processes
controls the
the electric analog
pump supplies water to the plants. In [13], a signal that passes through the water pump. When the power
input based on the requirement coded in the
smart drip irrigation system using Raspberry moisture level is below the threshold level, Arduino sends The A
microcontroller.
a signal to the relay module to automatically open the control
Pi and Arduino is proposed for the home
• Automatic Functional
path for the electric to passBlock
through the water pump to a platf
automation system. A drip irrigation system
This block includes the automated watering
makes the efficient use of water where the ISSN: 2590-3551
function of the system. The automated
water is slowly dripped to the roots of the
function consists of two main controlling
plants through narrow tubes and valves. The
hardware, which is relay module and DC
water flows from the system can be remotely
watering pump. The relay is an automatic
controlled via email.
electric switch that uses an electromagnet
to move the switch from OFF to ON or vice
versa. The switch controls the electric signal

102 ISSN: 2590-3551 eISSN: 2600-8122 Vol. 3 No. 1 April 2019

 The Development of an Automated Irrigation System Using an Open Source Microcontroller

that passes through the water pump. When C. Hardware Requirements

the moisture level is below the threshold Figure 3 shows the complete hardware schematic
level, Arduino sends a signal to the relay of the proposed system which includes the
module to automatically open the path for Arduino board and all the necessary attached
the electric to pass through the water pump hardware.
to water the plant. After the system detects • Arduino Uno Rev3
the sufficient level of the water in the soil, the The Arduino Uno is an open source
relay will close the path for electric and thus microcontroller board which based on the
the water pump will be stopped immediately ATmega328P architecture. An Arduino
pumping the water. board contain 14 digital input/output pins, 6
action (IJHaTI), Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2019 analog inputs, a USB connection, and ICSP
B. High-level Design header, a power jack, a 16MHz quartz crystal
mart drip Figure
water 2theshows
plant. the
Aftersystem
the system architecture
detects the of the
sufficient and a reset button. The Arduino is the central
proposed automatic
level of theirrigation
water in the system.
soil, the relay Fromwill Fig. 2, path
close the it core of this project as it controls all the
n system for electric
is shown thatandthethusprocess
the water pumpfrom
starts will the
be stopped
soil hardware that are attached to it. It contains
is slowly immediately pumping
ubes and
moisture sensor. Thethe water. detects the level of
sensor a platform for coding when connecting it
remotely moisture from the soil, and the measured data
B. High-level Design to a computer with a USB cable with a self-
isFigure
sent 2toshows
Arduino to bearchitecture
the system processed. Next,
of the the
automatic download software named Arduino IDE.
irrigation system. From Fig. 2, it is
moisture level and the status of the DC pump shown that the process • Soil Moisture Sensor YL-69
starts from the soil moisture sensor. The sensor detects the
from
level Arduino
of moisture fromis the
sent
soil,toand
thetheLCD screen
measured tosent
data is beto This sensor is used to detect the moisture
displayed.
Arduino to be At the same
processed. Next,time,
the the datalevel
moisture willand
alsothe level of the soil. When the soil is having
proposed status of the to
be sent DCrelay
pump from Arduinothe
to signal is sent to thepump
water LCD screen
to water shortage, the module output is at high
unctional to be displayed. At the same time, the data will also be sent to
switch on or off. level, otherwise the output is at low level.
r block, relay to signal the water pump to switch on or off.
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
It is a flat panel display that uses light-
modulating properties of liquid crystals. The
backlight will produce the screen images for
showing the content that comes from the
coding in the Arduino. In this project, the
LCD screen is used to show the moisture
level of the soil and the pump status which
is set it early in the Arduino board through
coding.
• Relay Module
The relay module is a switch that controlled
by an electromagnet. It is used to control
the on and off of the DC watering pump
by opening or closing the electric path that
passes to the watering pump. It is controlled
or which by the code from the Arduino.
moisture • DC Water Pump
age to the
When the The DC water pump used in this project is
whereas H-Bridge type. It is used to water the plant
age. This by sucking the water from the source and
troller. push out the water from the second hole
Fig. 2. The system architecture of the Automatic to make the water process complete. It is
which is Irrigation
Fig. 2. The system architecture of System
the Automatic Irrigation System
the input controlled by the relay module which can be
he input switch on and off automatically based on the
C. Hardware Requirements
roller. signal sent from the Arduino.
Figure 3 shows the complete hardware schematic of the
proposed system which includes the Arduino board and all the
nction of
necessary attached hardware.
wo main ISSN: 2590-3551 eISSN: 2600-8122 Vol. 3 No. 1 April 2019 103
 Arduino Uno Rev3
and DC
The Arduino Uno is an open source microcontroller board
ic switch
 It code
is used to the
from water the plant by sucking the water from the
Arduino. Fig. 4. Hardware implementation for the automatic irrigation system (Top
source
DC Waterand push
Pumpout the water from the second hole to view)
make
The the water
DC Journal process
water pump complete.
used in and It is controlled
this project is H-Bridgebytype.
the
International of Human Technology Interaction
relay module
It is used which
to water can bybe
the plant switch
sucking on and
the water from off
the Fig. 4. Hardware implementation for the automatic irrigation system (Top
automatically
source and pushbasedout
on the
the signal
water sent
fromfrom the Arduino.
the second hole to view)
make the water process complete. It is controlled by the
relay module which can be switch on and off
automatically based on the signal sent from the Arduino.

Fig. 5. Hardware implementation for the automatic irrigation system (Side

view)
Fig. 5. Hardware implementation for the automatic
irrigation system
Fig. 5. Hardware implementation (Side view)
for the automatic irrigation system (Side
E. The Automated Irrigation view)
System Operation
This section describes the configuration and the code
E. The Automated
implementation
E. The Automated the Irrigation
of Irrigation
automatic System
irrigationOperation
System Operation system. As
previously
This sectionmentioned,
describes the the
system starts with the
configuration sensor
andcodethe
This section
measures the leveldescribes
of moisturethe inconfiguration
the soil. and the
code implementation
implementation of the automatic irrigation
In Fig. 5, the code fragment reads the sensor value fromAsthe
of the automatic irrigation system.
Fig. 3. Schematic for the Automatic Irrigation System previously mentioned, the system starts with the sensor
system.
soil moisture As sensor.
previouslyThe value mentioned,
is analog the valuesystem
is then
measures the level of moisture in the soil.
Fig. 3. Schematic for the Automatic Irrigation System convertedwith
starts into digital
the value either
sensor to be used the
measures for switching
level on
of
In Fig. 5, the code fragment reads the sensor value from the
D. Hardware Implementation the water pump or to be displayed on the LCD screen. The
moisture
soil moisture
code in the
sensor.soil.
The value is analog value is then
fragment converts the upper bound 400 into 100% and
D. HardwareFig. 3. Implementation
From Fig. 4 and Fig 5, it can be seen that the lowers
Schematic for the Automatic Irrigation System converted into digital value either to be used for switching on
From Fig. 4 and Fig 5, it can be seen that the Arduino is the In Fig.
the waterbound
pump900or5,tothe
into be code fragment
0%displayed
respectively
on thein the
LCDlastreads
statement
screen. theof
The
Arduino
center of this
is thewhich
system
center of this
connects all the
system
required
which sensor
hardware.
the
codecode. value
fragment from
converts the
the soil
upper moisture
bound 400 sensor.
into 100% The
and
D. Hardware Implementation
connects
The From
all the
soil moisture
Fig. 4 and sensorrequired
Fig 5,measures
it can be the
hardware.
seenlevel
The soil
of moisture
that the Arduino isfrom lowers bound 900 into 0% respectively in the last statement of
the value is analog value is then converted into
the soil,
moisture and it is
sensor transferred
measures to the
theArduino
level board
of to process
moisture the code.
center of this system which connects all the required hardware. digital value either to be used for switching on
and make
The soil decision. sensor measures the level of moisture from
from themoisture
soil, and it is transferred to the Arduino the water pump or to be displayed on the LCD
the soil, and it is transferred to the Arduino board to process
board
and maketo process
decision. and make decision. screen. The code fragment converts the upper3
The LCD display shows the value thatISSN: the 2590-3551
bound 400 into 100% and lowers bound 900 into
Arduino received from the moisture sensor.ISSN: At 2590-3551
0% respectively in the last statement of the code. 3
the same time, the data acquired is sent to relay
ction (IJHaTI), Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2019
module to determine whether to switch on or
named offThe theLCDwater
display pump. If the
shows the valuecondition is required
that the Arduino received
the water
from the moisturepump to Atbetheswitched
sensor. same time, on, theacquired
the data water
is sent attached
pipe to relay module to determine
to the pump will whether to switch
begin on or off
to draw up
he soil. the water pump. If the condition is required the water pump to
the water from the water source
output be switched on, the water pipe attached to the pump will beginand push the
. water
to draw to thewater
up the other side
from the of water
water source pipe to complete
and push the water
to the other side of water pipe to complete the watering process Fig. 6. Code fragment for sensor reading
the watering
for the soil.
process for the soil.
dulating
produce The code fragment in Fig. 6 is mainly for
comes
he LCD the printing of the percentage that is acquired
oil and from soil moisture sensor to determine whether
o board
the soil is wet or dry. The value of the sensor
also determines whether to switch the water
by an pump on or off. From the code in Fig. 6, it is
f of the
ric path
shown that when the soil moisture percentage
by the is below 38%, the water pump will be switch on
automatically, and the LCD screen will show
ge type. the water pump status is ‘ON’. When the soil
Fig. 4. Hardware implementation for the automatic
rom the irrigation system
Fig. 4. Hardware implementation (Top view)
for the automatic irrigation system (Top moisture percentage reaches 47%, the water
hole to view)
pump will be switch off automatically, and the
by the
nd off LCD screen will show the water pump status is
duino. ‘OFF’.

104 ISSN: 2590-3551 eISSN: 2600-8122 Vol. 3 No. 1 April 2019

 soil=map(sensorvalue,400,900,99,0);
} sensorvalue=constrain(sensorvalue,400,900); water and see for the wet condition in the serial monitor in
soil=map(sensorvalue,400,900,99,0); Step 3: Immersed
Arduino IDE too. the soil moisture sensor into a glass of
} water and see for the wet condition in the serial monitor in
The Development of an Automated Irrigation Arduino
Expected System
The Using
soil IDE an Open
too. sensor
moisture Source
is light Microcontroller
up in the controller when
Fig. 6. Code fragment for sensor reading Result it is switched on, and it can show the lower and upper
Expected The soil moisture
boundaries sensorvalue
of the sensor is light up in
in dry thewet
and controller when
conditions.
Fig. 6. Code fragment for sensor reading
The code fragment in Fig. 6 is mainly for the printing of the Result
Figure 8 it is switched on, and it can show the lower and upper
and Figure 9 show the functionality test for the
values forboundaries
dry condition
of the sensorand
value low values
in dry and for wet
wet conditions.
percentage
The code fragment in Fig. 6 from
that is acquired soil for
moisture sensor to moisture sensor. In this test, the the
soil functionality
moisture sensor
determine
is mainly the printing of the condition.
Figure The
8 and Figure values
9 show of the upper testcaptures
boundary
for the
percentage whether
that is the soil is from
acquired wet orsoildry.moisture
The value of the
sensor to high values
moisture for
sensor.dry
In condition
this test, and
the low
soil values
moisturefor wet
sensor condition.
captures
sensor alsowhether
determines thewhether
soil is to switch the The
watervalue
pumpofonthe or Thefor dryof thecondition are around 893 with 900
determine
off.
wet or dry. high values
values for dryupper boundary
condition and lowfor values
dry condition
for wetare around
condition.
sensorFrom
also the code inwhether
determines Fig. 6, itto is shown
switch thethat when
water pump theonsoil
or 893whereas
The with 900
values theupper
the values
of whereas of the
theboundary
values offorlower
the lower
dry boundary
boundary
condition are for for
wet
around
moisture
off. Frompercentage
the code in is Fig.
below6, 38%, the water
it is shown that pump
when thewillsoil
be condition are around 399 with 400. Figure 10 shows the
switch on automatically, and the LCD screen will show the 893wet
withcondition
900 whereasare the around
values of the399lower
withboundary
400. Figure
for wet
moisture percentage is below 38%, the water pump will be moisture
condition sensor
are functionality
around 399 withtest
400.forFigure
both 10dryshows
and wetthe
water 10 shows the moisture sensor functionality test
switchpump status is ‘ON’.and
on automatically, When
the the
LCD soilscreen
moisturewillpercentage
show the condition.
moisture sensor functionality test for both dry and wet
reaches 47%,status
water pump the water pump
is ‘ON’. will the
When be switch off automatically,
soil moisture percentage for both dry and wet condition.
and the LCD condition.
reaches 47%,screen
the waterwillpump
show will
the water pumpoff
be switch status is ‘OFF’.
automatically,
and the LCD screen will show the water pump status is ‘OFF’.
void loop()
{
void loop()readSensor();
{ lcd.setCursor(0,0);
readSensor();
lcd.print("Moisture = ");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(soil);
lcd.print("Moisture
lcd.print("%"); = ");
lcd.print(soil);
lcd.print("%");
if (soil <= 38)
{
if (soil <= 38) lcd.setCursor(0,1);
{ lcd.print("Pump : ON ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Fig. 7. Code digitalWrite(WATERPIN,LOW);
fragment for setting
lcd.print("Pump the ");
: ON LCD display and
<= water
47) pump switch
while(soildigitalWrite(WATERPIN,LOW);
{
while(soil <= 47) readSensor();
Fig. 8. Moisture sensor test for dry condition
{ III. SYSTEM TESTING
delay(100);
readSensor(); Fig. 8.8.Moisture
Moisture sensor testforfor
drydry condition
section} describes
This lcd.setCursor(0,1); the test strategy that
delay(100);
Fig. sensor test
Fig. 9.
condition

is used for }this project.

lcd.print("Pump : OFF");The test is used to
lcd.setCursor(0,1); Fig. 9.
digitalWrite(WATERPIN,HIGH);
determine
} whether :the
lcd.print("Pump hardware and software
OFF");
} digitalWrite(WATERPIN,HIGH);
will
} be tested early to make sure that it is
}functioning according to the requirement.

Fig. 7. Code fragment for setting the LCD display and water pump switch
A. Soil Moisture Sensor Test
Fig. 7. Code fragment for setting the LCD display and water pump switch
TABLE I. III. SYSTEMSENSOR
MOISTURE TESTINGTEST PROCEDURE
This section
Test describes
III. Sthe test
Soil
YSTEM strategySensor
Moisture
TESTING that is used for this
project. The testdescribes
This section is used the
Test Purpose
toTodetermine
test whether
test strategy that
the sensor is the
values usedhardware
andfor
its this
and software will be tested early to
functionality. make sure
project. The test is used to determine whether the hardware that it is
functioning
and software according
will betotested
the requirement.
early to make sure that it is
Test A glass of water and Arduino IDE.
functioning
A. Soil according
Moisture to theTest
Sensor requirement. International
Environment Fig.9.Journal
Fig. 10. of Human
Moisture
Moisture sensor and
test
sensor test Technology
forfor
wetwet Interaction (IJHaTI), V
condition
condition
A. Soil Moisture
Expected Sensor Test
Step Step 1: Implement code to determine Fig. 10. Moisture sensor test for wet condition
TABLE I. MOISTURE SENSOR TEST
the moisture PROCEDURE
level of the soil with
Test Soil
TABLE I. Moisture Arduino
Sensor
MOISTURE IDE.
SENSOR TEST PROCEDURE
Test Purpose To test the sensor values and its functionality.
Test
Test Soil Moisture
A glass Step
Sensor
of water 2: Open
and Arduino IDE. the serial monitor in
Test Purpose
Environment To test the sensorArduino
values andIDE and see the measure
its functionality.
Test
Expected A glass
Step of water sensor
1: Implementandcode value
Arduino for the
IDE.
to determine thedry condition.
moisture level of
Environment
Step the soil with Arduino IDE.
Expected Step 1: ImplementStep 3: toImmersed
code themoisture
determine the soil moisture
level of
Step sensor
the soil with Arduino IDE.into a glass of water and see
ISSN: 2590-3551
for the wet condition in the serial 4
monitor in Arduino IDE too. ISSN: 2590-3551 4
Expected Result The soil moisture sensor is light up in
the controller when it is switched on,
and it can show the lower and upper
boundaries of the sensor value in dry
and wet conditions. Fig
into a
Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the Fig. 10.Fig.The
11. result forfor
The result thethefunctionality moisture
functionality moisture sensor
sensor test test which
‘OFF’
functionality test for the moisture sensor. In water
B. Monitoring System Test
this test, the soil moisture sensor captures high
From Fig. 11, it is shown that once the soil moisture sensor
is immersed into a dry soil, the LCD display is able to show the
The
ISSN: 2590-3551 eISSN: 2600-8122 content
Vol.which
3 No.is the
1 3% moisture
April 2019 percentage and the pump 105 irriga
status is ‘ON’. This means that the soil is insufficient of water contro
and the water pump will be switch on to start the watering found
 International Journal of Human and Technology Interaction

B. Monitoring System Test Fig. 12 shows that once the soil moisture
From Fig. 11, it is shown that once the soil sensor is immersed into a wet soil, and the LCD
moisture sensor is immersed into a dry soil, display is able to show the content which is the
the LCD display is able to show the content 90% moisture percentage and the pump status
which is the 3% moisture percentage and the is ‘OFF’. Fig.
This means
13. LCD Outputthat
based the
on wetsoil is sufficient of
soil condition
pump status is ‘ON’. This means that the soil is water and the water pump will be switch off to
Fig. 12 shows that once the soil moisture sensor is immersed
insufficient of water and the water pump will be stopa wet
into thesoil,
watering process.
and the LCD display is able to show the content
switchFig.on11.to
Thestart the
result for the watering process.
functionality moisture sensor test which is the 90% moisture percentage and the pump status is
‘OFF’. This means that the soil is sufficient of water and the
IV.
water pump will CONCLUSION
be switch off to stop the watering process.
TABLE
B. II. MONITORING
Monitoring System Test SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURE
The main purpose of this paper is to propose an
From Fig. 11, it is shown
Test that once
Monitoring the soil moisture sensor
System IV. CONCLUSION
is immersed into a dry soil, the LCD display is able to show the automated irrigation system that water the plant
Test Purpose To test the function of the monitoring The main purpose of this paper is to propose an automated
content which is the 3% moisture percentage and the pump without any human control. The implemented
system. irrigation system that water the plant without any human
status is ‘ON’. This means that the soil is insufficient of water automated
control. irrigation system
The implemented automated is foundsystem
irrigation to be is
Testthe water pump will
and Arduino IDE, Soil
be switch on Moisture Sensor,
to start the watering
Environment LCD Display and Soil (Wet and Dry). feasible
found to beand costand
feasible effective after after
cost effective optimizing
optimizingthe the
process. water resources for the agricultural production. Besides the
Expected Step Step 1 : Implement code LCD display
water resources for the agricultural production.
automated irrigation system, the proposed system also provides
TABLE II. M ONITORING SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURE
function using the Arduino IDE. Besides
the thefunction
monitoring automated irrigation
where users are able tosystem,
check the thesoil
Test Monitoring System moisture
proposed based on the also
system reading displayed the
provides on the LCD. The
monitoring
Test Purpose To test theStep 2 : Put
function of thethe soil moisture
monitoring system. sensor proposed system has been designed and tested to function
Test intoSoil
Arduino IDE, theMoisture
dry soilSensor,
and seeLCDtheDisplay
content
and function where
automatically. For users are able
future works, the to check the
automated soil
irrigation
Environment Soil (Weton andthe
Dry).
Expected
LCD screen.
Step 1 : Implement code LCD display function using
moisture
system based
can be on the
configured reading
to measure thedisplayed
moisture level on(water
the
Step the Arduino IDE. content)
LCD. according
The proposedto the moisture
system requirement
has been of the different
designed
Repeat the step 2 by putting into the
plants.
wetthesoil.
Step 2 : Put soil moisture sensor into the dry soil and tested to function automatically. For future
and see the content on the LCD screen.
Expected Result The soil moisture sensor must be able works, the automated irrigation system can be
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Repeat thetostep
differentiate between
2 by putting into the wet the
soil.wet and configured
Special thanksto measure thetomoisture
of gratitude level Teknikal
the Universiti (water
dry soil by showing the percentage
Malaysia
content)Melaka for sponsoring
according the fund under
to the moisture the UTeM
requirement
Expected on the LCD
The soil moisture sensordisplay
must be screen. If the soil
able to differentiate
Result between isthedrywet Short Term Grant with the reference number:
theand dry soil shown
percentage by showing should the
of the different plants. A high appreciation to Digital
percentagebeonlow,
the LCD display
while the screen.
soil is Ifwet
the the
soil is dry PJP/2018/FTMK(1B)/S01628.
the percentage shown should be low, while the soil is
percentage shown should be high. Forensics and Computer Networking (INSFORNET) research
wet the percentage shown should be high. group under Center for Advanced Computing Technology (C-
ACT); andACKNOWLEDGMENT
Faculty of Information and Communication
Special thanks
Technology (FTMK)ofthegratitude
use of thetoexisting
the Universiti
facilities to
complete
Teknikal thisMalaysia
research. Melaka for sponsoring the
fund under the UTeM Short Term Grant with
REFERENCES
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