Automatic Plant Watering System

Team : A6
1
Head of Department, Department of ECE, Balaji Institute of Technology and Science,

Laknepally, Warangal, India

2345
BTech Student, Department of ECE, Balaji Institute of Technology and Science,

Laknepally, Warangal, India

ABSTRACT
Irrigating fields is the most important and a very laborious task for the farmers, especially in the summer
season. Manual watering increases the difficulty and is time consuming. Thus, we need effective technologies
to overcome these problems. Auto-watering systems can be efficiently used to water plants when needed,
which controls when and how much watering needs to be done. This system can be effectively used from small
gardens to a large crop field, thus also conserving water. We can implement the above prototype using
sprinklers or drip emitters for effective irrigation. For large scale implementation, we can use solar panels to
conserve energy.
Keywords— Automatic plant watering system, Arduino UNO, Moisture sensor, Water level sensor, GSM
module

1. INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is a clean source of renewable energy which can be used to provide power. For large scale
implementation we can thus make use of solar panels which will be a suitable method and also will conserve
huge amount of energy[1]. Due to increase in global warming, temperature is increasing at a very high rate
across the globe, which results in water evaporation from the plant system, dryness in the soil and depletion
of ground water level leading to water scarcity [2]. Automatic water starters are also available in the market
but they have many drawbacks. Farmers have to manually switch ON and OFF the machine and moreover,
plants mostly get over-irrigated since there is no measure of moisture content of the soil. Automatic plant
watering system is an effective method to apply since it switches ON and OFF automatically by measuring
the moisture content of the soil. This system is cheap and economical compared to other systems and saves
labour time as the work done by system is automatic [3][4][5][6].

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
There is existing venture on plant water system utilizing 8051 microcontroller. This venture has a burden that
it employments 8051 whose sign preparing capacity and working rate is not great as PIC 16F877. Likewise it
has impediment memory, this controller has just a single sequential port accordingly interfacing more
Become troublesome [1]. There is another undertaking by name programmed plant water system it is very
like our task yet it has detriment that it doesn't show any parameter esteems remotely, however just controls
the siphon activity [2]. At that point one venture examines Automation System for watering plants that they
have utilized two wires for dampness detecting. This sort of game plan doesn't give precise outcome
contrasted with soil hygrometer moistness recognition module[3]. There are parcel of other little scope demo
ventures for showing programmed. plant water system framework utilizing Arduino however they are not
able and sufficiently achievable to be actualized essentially as they all have either minor issues, for example,

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 deficient siphon driver power, restricted repository limit, and on. [4]. Yandog Zhao has inquired about on
water sparing water system programmed control framework in light of web things. The paper examines that
client can utilize cell phones or remote PDA to control ranch water system. Be that as it may, in INDIA
mumerous ranchers are unskilled and have no entrance to.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Many times, due to busy schedules, people forget to water their plants, which hinder their healthy growth.
Also, it is very difficult for farmers to water their fields manually and to provide accurate amount of water for
healthy growth of plants. Management of water also becomes a huge task due to water scarcity, since manual
irrigation leads to wastage of water. Also, to avoid empty tank user should be notified to switch ON the motor
to fill the tank. To solve this problem we implement the methodology described in figure 1.

4. METHODOLOGY
Based on our problem statement, we have created a prototype to implement a automatic plant watering
system considering all aspects of small gardens to large crop fields. The main components of the project are
Arduino UNO, soil moisture sensor, water level sensor, water pump and GSM module. Using ARDUINO IDE
software we can program ARDUINO in such that it irrigates the plants based on the feedback of moisture
content provided by the soil moisture sensor. When moisture content is lower than a prescribed limit, water
pump starts irrigating. We can use sprinkler or drip system for irrigation [7]. When moisture content
reaches the maximum limit, the water pump automatically switches off. The user will be notified whenever
water content is low and also after the field gets irrigated with the details of temperature and moisture. The water
level sensor will be placed inside the tank. When the water level reaches a lower limit in the tank the user will be
notified to switch ON the motor to fill the tank. Also, to avoid overflow, the user will be notified when the
water level reaches the maximum limit so that they can switch OFF the motor [8].

5.IMPLEMENTATION

To predict the productivity of a garment production line, the process begins with defining the problem and
collecting relevant data, such as the number of workers, raw material usage, production time, and output. After
data collection, the data must be cleaned and preprocessed by removing missing or inconsistent values,
converting categorical data to numerical formats, and normalizing the data to ensure uniformity across
features. The next step involves selecting key features that impact productivity and engineering new ones to
enhance model accuracy, like calculating worker efficiency or machine utilization rates. Different machine
learning algorithms, such as regression, decision trees, or neural networks, are then evaluated to identify the
best-performing model for the data. Once trained, the model's performance is assessed using metrics like mean
absolute error, root mean squared error, or R-squared. If the model performs satisfactorily, it can be deployed
for predicting productivity in new production scenarios. It's important to remember that building a prediction
model is an iterative process, requiring continuous refinement as more data is gathered and further insights are
obtained.

6. COMPONENTS USED
6.1 SENSING THE MOISTURE CONTENT
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The first step of this project is to sense the moisture content of the soil in the agriculture fields. It uses a sensor
called soil moisture sensor to sense the moisture content. Soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to
detect the moisture content of the soil. This sensor has two outputs like the analog output as well as the digital
output. The digital output is a permanent and the analog output threshold can be changed. The working principle
of soil moisture sensor is open and short circuit concept. The LED gives an indication when the output is high or
low. When the condition of the soil is dried up, the flow of current will not flow through it. So, it works like an
open circuit. And therefore, the output will be zero. The sensor is coated with platinum and anti-rust to make
higher efficiency as well as longer life.

In this system the soil moisture sensor is connected with the Node MCU board which senses the moisture content
and decides whether watering is required for the field or not. The sensed data will be stored in the Node MCU
board which is responsible for the function of water.
MCU board which is responsible for the function of water.

6.2 FUNCTIONING OF MOTOR

There are two de motors used in automatic plant watering, and monitoring system, one is for the fertilizer
whereas the other is for the flow of water. Both the motors are connected with the Node MCU microcontroller.
The time limit will be set for each of the motors through programming, and it flow the water and fertilizer
accordingly. For these two motors a relay module is been used to produce a stabilized current for both the
motors.

6.2.1 Use of Relay module

The relay module is heing used to produce stabilized current supply for the motors. And this is also connected
with the Node MCU board and with the de motors. It is present in between the Node MCU board and the de
motors.

6.3 IMPLEMENTING FIREBASE

The status of the motor that is to know whether the motor is in the on state or off state will be stored in the
Firebase through Wi-Fi connection from the Node MCU board.

6.4 MOBILE APPLICATION

The processing and functionalities of motor can be monitored using the mobile application. This application
denotes the status of the motor. It also allows the user to switch on or off the motors. This feature is enabled for
the users to handle and monitor the automatic plant watering, and monitoring system.

6.5 FLOW OF AUTOMATIC WATERING

The soil moisture sensor is connected with the Node MCU microcontroller to know the moisture content of
the soil. The microcontroller is further connected with the relay module to produce a stabilized current to two
different de motors and those two motors are responsible for the flow of water and fertilizer to the plants. The
Microcontroller and the motors have a link with database and all the data are stored in the database which is
linked with the mobile application. The mobile application is much responsible for recognizing the state of the
motor that is to check whether the motor is switched on/off.

7. OVERVIEW TECHNOLOGY

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Then are some of the crucial technologies used in this area

Data preprocessing: Data preprocessing ways similar as data cleaning, data normalization, and
point engineering are used to prepare the data for use in the machine literacy model. This can
help to ameliorate the delicacy and robustness of the model.

Random Forest- A machine literacy approach called Random Forest is applied to retrogression
and bracket problems. It's an ensemble approach that uses several decision trees combined to
give prognostications. Each tree in a arbitrary timber is constructed using a arbitrary point
selection and a subset of the available data. This unpredictability aids in lowering overfitting and
enhances the model’s overall effectiveness.

Data Collection Tools These include colorful detectors, cameras, and other bias that can collect data on

the product process, similar as worker exertion, machine settings, and product time.

8. WORKING
The data pins of soil moisture sensor is connected to A0 pin of Arduino board and its probe is placed
near the roots of the plant. and Vcc pin is connected to 5 V pin of board and GND of sensor and motor driver
is connected to GND of board. Probe of soil moisture sensor should be inserted near the roots of the plant.
6V pump is connected to L293d motor driver. It is connected in this way because the amount of power
that is given to the motor directly by Arduino is not sufficient to run it. The data pin of motor driver is
connected to pin 9 of board.
Working is as follows: the probe connected to the sensor sends some amount of current into the soil. If
the soil is having high moisture content, then it will allow the current to pass through it easily. Output pin will
be low and motor will remain OFF. If the soil has less moisture content, then it will not allow the current to
flow through. Output pin will be high and motor will remain ON [14][15]. By comparing the difference in the
rate of flow of current, the moisture in the soil is calculated.
The moisture sensor measures according to the code transferred into the Arduino board. If the readings
of the sensor reaches more than X1 (as coded), a SMS will be sent to user using GSM, stating that the field is
irrigated.
Based on the input of water level sensor placed inside the tank GSM will notify the user to switch ON
the main water motor, to fill the tank, if the water level reaches a lower limit. It will also notify the user to
switch OFF the motor once it reaches the maximum threshold. We have shown connections of components
through block diagram in Figure 7.
9. CONCLUSION

In present days, especially farmers are facing major problems in watering their agriculture fields, it's because
they don't have any proper idea about when the power is available so that they can pump water. Even after that
they have to wait until the field is properly watered which makes them to stop other activities. Here is an idea
which helps not only the farmers even for watering gardens also, which senses soil moisture and wwitches the
valve automatically when the power is ON. Thus, this project automatic plant watering system which
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automatically senses the moisture content of the soil and decides whether watering is needed or not and how
much water is needed for the soil. When the moisture content is less than the limit which is prodefined, then it
will start supplying the desired amount of water with mixed fertilizer till it reaches the e limit and when the soul
is wet the pump will automatically switch off. This can be monitored using a mobile application, there by
eradicate the need of manpower and conserve the time.

10. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

a. This project is focused antomatic watering of plants. The future enhancement be done using a repeater
which is used to extend the transmissions so that the sigital can cover longer distances without any
distractions

REFERENCES

b. [1] Abhinav Rajpal, Sumit Jain, Nistha Kharn und Anil Kumar Shukla, Microcontroller-based automatic

c. irrigation system with moisture sensors, Amity Institute of Telecom

d. [2] & Management, Amity University, U.P. Sector-125, Noida 201303. [3] Pavithra DS, Srinath M.S,
GSM based automatic irrigation system for efficient use of resources and crop planning by using a
android mo obile 1058 Journal of Mechanical and civil Engineering (IOSR JMCEL ISSN: 2278 1684, p-
ISSN 2320 334X, Volume 11, Issue 4 Ver. 1 (Jul Aug), PP 49 55

e. [4] Kumbhar S.R, Arjun P. Ghatule, Microcontroller based controlled imgation system for plantation,
Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2013 Vol IL,
IMECS 2013, March 13-15, 2013, Hong Kong
FUTURE SCOPE:

The field of garment productivity vaticination is constantly evolving, and there are numerous
openings for unborn exploration and development. Then are some implicit areas for unborn work
in this fiel d .

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