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The Synchronous Motor I. Objectives

The document describes an experiment performed on a synchronous motor to analyze its voltage-speed characteristics. The objectives, materials, theory of operation, procedures, results and conclusions are outlined. Key points include: 1) Synchronous motors rotate at a speed locked to the line frequency and provide constant speed control and power factor correction. 2) The experiment measured voltages, currents, speed, torque and efficiency values for the motor and found them to match computed and expected values. 3) Advantages are constant speed and power factor control, but synchronous motors require external DC excitation and are not self-starting.

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Arnel Pamaos Lopiba Montañez
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137 views4 pages

The Synchronous Motor I. Objectives

The document describes an experiment performed on a synchronous motor to analyze its voltage-speed characteristics. The objectives, materials, theory of operation, procedures, results and conclusions are outlined. Key points include: 1) Synchronous motors rotate at a speed locked to the line frequency and provide constant speed control and power factor correction. 2) The experiment measured voltages, currents, speed, torque and efficiency values for the motor and found them to match computed and expected values. 3) Advantages are constant speed and power factor control, but synchronous motors require external DC excitation and are not self-starting.

Uploaded by

Arnel Pamaos Lopiba Montañez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Activity No.

3 Date Performed: 07/25/2021


Rating:_____________ Date Submitted: 07/26/2021

The Synchronous Motor

I. Objectives

1. To graph and analyse the voltage-speed characteristics of a


synchronous motor.

II. Materials/Apparatus

DLWD – DJSX – T Synchronous Motor Training System

III. Circuit Diagram

IV. Theory
A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which, at steady
state,[1] the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of
the supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to an integral
number of AC cycles. Synchronous motors contain multiphase AC
electromagnets on the stator of the motor that create a magnetic field
which rotates in time with the oscillations of the line current. The
rotor with permanent magnets or electromagnets turns in step with
the stator field at the same rate and as a result, provides the second
synchronized rotating magnet field of any AC motor. A synchronous
motor is termed doubly fed if it is supplied with independently excited
multiphase AC electromagnets on both the rotor and stator.
The synchronous motor and induction motor are the most widely used
types of AC motor. The difference between the two types is that the
synchronous motor rotates at a rate locked to the line frequency since
it does not rely on current induction to produce the rotor's magnetic
field. By contrast, the induction motor requires slip: the rotor must
rotate slightly slower than the AC alternations in order to induce
current in the rotor winding. Small synchronous motors are used in
timing applications such as in synchronous clocks, timers in
appliances, tape recorders and precision servomechanisms in which
the motor must operate at a precise speed; speed accuracy is that of
the power line frequency, which is carefully controlled in large
interconnected grid systems.
Synchronous motors are available in self-excited sub-fractional
horsepower sizes[2] to high power industrial sizes.[1] In the fractional
horsepower range, most synchronous motors are used where precise
constant speed is required. These machines are commonly used in
analog electric clocks, timers and other devices where correct time is
required. In higher power industrial sizes, the synchronous motor
provides two important functions. First, it is a highly efficient means
of converting AC energy to work. Second, it can operate at leading or
unity power factor and thereby provide power-factor correction.

V. Procedures

1. Carry out the connections of the circuit in the Power Engineering


Equipment Trainer as shown in the figure of section 3.
2. As power source of the circuit, set the supply of the Power
Engineering Equipment Trainer to 240 V, 60 Hz mains.
3. Using 72738 – Voltmeter, measure the line voltage and phase
voltage across each RL branch of the system.
4. Using 72731 – Ammeter, measure the line current and phase
current through each RL branch of the system.
5. Compare the computed and measured values.

VI. Data and Results

Given
Voltage Source Current
VAB VBC VCA I1 I2 I3
240 V 240 V 240 V 25 A 25 A 25 A
Measured
Power Torque
Line Phase Speed Efficiency
Vab Vbc Vca Vab Vbc Vca Ia Ib Ic
240 240 240 240 240 240
25 A 25 A 25 A 85% 85% 85%
V V V V V V

Computed
Voltage Torque
Line Phase Speed Efficiency
Vab Vbc Vca Vab Vbc Vca Ia Ib Ic
240 240 240 240 240 240
25 A 25 A 25 A 85% 85% 85%
V V V V V V

VII. Computation

VIII. Observation/Conclusion/Generalization
A synchronous motor is one in which the rotor normally rotates at
the same speed as the revolving field in the machine. The principle of
operation of a synchronous motor can be understood by considering the
stator windings to be connected to a three-phase alternating-current
supply. The advantages of the synchronous motor are the ease with which
the power factor can be controlled and the constant rotational speed of the
machine, irrespective of the applied load. Synchronous motors, however,
are generally more expensive and a d.c. supply is a necessary feature of the
rotor excitation. The disadvantages of Synchronous motor
includes: Synchronous motors require dc excitation which is supplied from
external sources. These motors are not self-starting motors and need some
external arrangement for its starting and synchronizing. The cost per kW
output is commonly higher than that of induction motors.

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