“ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT TOWARD ANTI-

ILLEGAL DRUG MASS OPERATION DURING DUTERTE ADMINISTRATION”

A Research Paper Presented to

The College Of Criminal Justice Education

PHINMA-University of Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment

Of The Requirements for the Course

CRI070- Criminological Research and Statistics

Jesie Rode J. Español

July 2014
 Introduction

Chapter I

“It’s a war without a clear enemy. Anything waged against a

shapeless intangible noun can never truly be won” said by known

U.S. drug czar Gen. Barry McCaffrey in 1996. And yet, for how

many years the U.S. government has spent over trillions of dollar

fighting the war on drugs. Not just the U.S. has experienced this

kind of dilemma but mainly the whole world has tackled this

rampant and abusive case on illegal drugs. Despite the campaigns,

increased in incarcerations rates, penalties, and crackdown on

smuggling the number of illicit drug users in the world has

raised over the years.

In the Philippines the illegal drug issue remains a serious

national concern. Two of the most used and valuable illegal drugs

in the country are methamphetamine hydrochloride (shabu)

and marijuana. Ephedrine and methylenedioxy methamphetamine are

also among the list of illegal drugs that are of great concern to

the authorities.
 The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency identified that the

mountainous parts of Northern Luzon, Eastern Visayas and Mindanao

are viable for marijuana cultivation. Marijuana produced in the

country is distributed locally and is also exported to other

countries. Local distribution of marijuana increased in 2012

despite destruction of illegal marijuana plantations.

Drug syndicates have been producing methamphetamine in

small-scale and kitchen-type laboratories to avoid detection by

the Philippine authorities since 2010. Usually, drug syndicates

rent warehouses for use as drug laboratories. These syndicates

have moved towards renting houses in private subdivisions,

condominiums and apartments to be used as bases for their illegal

drug production. Private properties are becoming more favorable

to drug syndicates as sites of illegal drug production.

Methamphetamine remains more feasible to sell in the Philippines

than cocaine, a more costly illegal drug.

Owing to its geographical location, international drug

syndicates use the Philippines as a transit hub for the illegal

drug trade. Some local drug syndicates are also involved in the

transport small amounts of illegal drugs to other countries.

Some overseas Filipino workers have been utilized by drug

syndicates as drug mules, either knowingly or unknowingly. Most

Filipino drug mules, mainly women, are sent to China, where drug

convicts will face execution via lethal injection. The Ninoy

Aquino International Airport has been identified as a favorable

illegal drug trafficking hub. 

Some Filipinos choose to be involved in drug trafficking due

to the promise of a high income. Some still participate in such

illicit activity because they are forced by certain

circumstances. There were reports in the past that some

Filipinos, usually women, were forced and blackmailed by drug.

syndicates to work as drug couriers, and if they refused, their

family's safety would be compromised. The Manila-based firm,

Pacific Strategies & Assessments, identified the Philippines as,

"not only a transshipment point, but also a key producer of

synthetic drugs for all of Asia" in a report made in 2009.In

December 2013, The Philippine National Police- Anti-Illegal Drugs

confirmed reports that the MexicanSinaloa Cartel had started

operations in the country.

There is no empirical study that has been conducted in this

particular situation. Hence the researchers of this said study,

as a future law enforcer would focus on the investigation,

specifically on the student’s knowledge and their attitude

towards anti-illegal drugs during Duterte administration.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to investigate the attitude and perception of

the of Criminology students towards the issue of anti-illegal

drugs. Specifically, this thesis is expected to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the knowledge of Criminology students regarding the

operation of the authorities in the Philippines during

Duterte administration against illegal drugs when taken as a

group and according to categories of variables gender, year

level and place of residence?

operation of the authorities in the Philippines during

Duterte administration against illegal drugs when taken as a

group and according to categories of variables gender, year

level and place of residence?

3. Are there significant difference in the student’s knowledge

regarding the operation of the authorities against illegal

drugs when classified according to the categories of

variables gender and place of residence?

4. Are there significant difference in the student’s attitude

regarding the operation of the authorities against illegal

drugs when classified according to the categories of

variables gender and place of residence?

5. Is there a relationship between the student’s knowledge and

attitude towards anti-illegal drugs mass operation? If there

is, is it significant?

Hypothesis:
 From the question presented. The following null hypothesis

was tested:

1. There are significant differences in the student’s knowledge

toward anti-illegal drug mass operation.

2. There are significant differences in the student’s attitude

towards anti-illegal drug mass operation.

3. There is no relationship between the student’s knowledge and

attitude towards the anti-illegal drug mass operation.

Significance of the Study

The result of third study maybe and of great significance to

the:

The Government Authorities- The findings of this study would

give government authorities and law makers the real scenario of

the operation against illegal drugs and would enable them to

plan and make provision in our country that needs to be

strengthened, amended or modified.

School- The findings of this study would provide them baseline

information, so that they could also make a concrete action in

government’s advocacy towards anti-illegal drugs.

Community- the result of this study could be used by the public

in general to help disseminating the implementation and

operation of the government to induce the public to strengthen

the advocacy against anti-illegal drugs as a top problematic

issue in our country.

Researcher- this study may also provide in us as a researcher

such important and valuable insight from the student knowledge

toward anti-illegal drug issue during Duterte administration.

Future Researcher- may also gain valuable insights from the

result of the investigation that may serve as a springboard for

the conduct of studies related to the Anti-illegal drug issues.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study will focus on the attitude and perception of

the criminology students toward the Anti-illegal drug mass

operation during Pres. Rodrigo Duterte Administration in

Philippines year 2016.

Criminology students of the PHINMA-University of Iloilo. The

descriptive correlation method was used as the design and the

material that will used in gathering the data for the student

will be the researcher made questionnaire. The instrument will

undergo content validation by the researcher instructor experts

in the field of research using Good and State eight point

criteria for the content validation.

DEFINTION OF TERMS:

Drug- a medicine or other substance which has a physiological

effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.

(https://www.google.com.ph/?gws_rd=ssl#q=drug+meaning)

Illegal drugs- are drugs which have limitations on their

ownership or use by a government, and are illegal in certain

situations (meaning a person is not allowed to have them.

(https://www.google.com.ph/?gws_rd=ssl#q=illegal+drug+meaning)

Methamphetamine hydrochloride –also known as “Shabu” A

crystalline amine used as a central nervous system stimulant and

hydrochloride)

Marijuana- a drug, illegal in many countries including the

Philipinnes, that is made from the dried leaves and flowers of

the hemp plant. Marijuana produces a pleasant feeling of being

relaxed if smoked or eaten.

(dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/marijuana)

Advocacy- Public support for or recommendation of a particular

cause or policy. (https://www.google.com.ph/?

gws_rd=ssl#q=advocacy+meaning)

Campaign- (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a series of

coordinated activities, such as public speaking and

demonstrating, designed to achieve a social, political, or

commercial goal.(www.thefreedictionary.com/campaign)

The Dangerous Drugs Board “DDB”- is a Philippine government

agency that makes policies, strategies and programs on drug

prevention and control. The board is managed under the Office of

Avenido.

The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency or Prohibited Drug

Entrapment Agency (PDEA) (Filipino: KawanihanngPilipinas Laban

saDroga) is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency,

responsible for preventing, investigating and combating any

dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals

within the Philippines.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Drug_Enforcement_Agency)

Duterte Adminstration- at the time of the admistration of the

President Rodrigo Duterte who effectively support the advocacy

against illegal drugs.(www.inquirer.net/duterte)

War on drugs- is a series of actions tending toward a prohibition

of illegal drug trade. It is a campaign adopted by the U.S.

government along with the foreign military aid and with the

assistance of participating countries, to both define and to end

the import, manufacture, sale, and use of illegal drugs.

(definitions.uslegal.com › Legal Definitions Home › W)

purpose or shared duties at an institution of higher learning in

the field of criminology which focus in studying crime as a

social phenomenon, and of criminals, and of penal treatment.

(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/criminology).

Specifically in this study, this is referring to the students in

PHINMA-University of Iloilo.