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AGRARIAN
in the Philippines
REFORM
GABRIELLE RAFAEL MARGARETTE TAMASE

TRIXIE PORLUCAS ALNES SANCHEZ

DEITY ANN REUTEREZ

 02

AGRARIAN REFORM POLICIES

history

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 VOCABULARY

LAND REFORM AGRARIAN

REFORM
Redistribution of piece of
land to the farmers from Rectification of the whole
land-owners. system of agriculture.

03
 04

LAND-OWNERSHIP
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 05

"This land is ours, God

gave this land to ours"
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Pre-colonial
land-ownership
Pre-colonial

Period
BARANGGAY
small unit of community administered by datus and cheifs who
have all the access to the land for the fruits of their labor.

STEWARDSHIP
practice wherein they believe that man and nature is important

KAINGIN SYSTEM OR SLASH-AND-

BURN METHOD

methods they used for land cultivation

MARAGTAS CODE

The only existing record of land

transaction during pre-colonial period
wherein they sold the Panay Island to
ten bornean datus in exchange for

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
golden salakot and long golden
necklace.
CODE OF
LUWARANWAS

Ancient written laws of Muslims

before. It contains provision of

CREATIVE PORTFOLIO
contract of cultivated lands.
LAND-OWNERSHIP
SPANISH PERIOD

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 Spanish Period
Pueblo Agriculture
A system wherein native rural communities
were organized into pueblo and each
Christianized native family is given a 4-5
hectares of land to cultivate.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

No share cropper class or landless class existed

in Pueblo Agriculture.
 Spanish Period
Land-ownership
The natives were deceived. They were
not Landowners
By law, the land assigned to them was
the property of the Spanish King
where they pay their colonial tributes
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

to the Spanish authorities in the form

of agricultural products they produced
ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM
 Spanish Period
Laws of Indies
The Spanish crown granted vast tracts of land under the Law of the
Indies, including:
1. Friar lands for the religious orders;
2. Repartiamentos for lands granted to the spanish military as a
reward for their service; and
3. Encomienda- large tracts of land given to Spaniards
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

(Encomiendero) to manage and have the right to receive tributes

from the natives tilling it.*
*Natives within these areas became mere tillers working for a share of
crops. They did not even have any rights to the land.
 Spanish Period
Encomienda System

Abusive Encomienderos
collected more tributes that
became the land rentals from
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

the natives living in the area

 Spanish Period
Hacienda System
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Philippines as a colony
of Spain implemented policies that would mainstream the
country into the world of capitalism
The economy was opened to the world market as exporter of raw
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

materials and importer of finished goods

The agricultural exports were mandated and hacienda system was
developed as a new form of ownership
More people lost their lands and were forced to become tillers
 Spanish Period
Compras y Vandalas System
A Compras y Vandalas System was practiced wherein tillers were
made to compulsory sell at a very low price or surrender their
agricultural harvests to Spanish authorities where Encomienderos
can resell it for a profit.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

People of the Encomiendas were also required to render personal

services on public and religious work and as a household help to
the Encomienderos
 Spanish Period
Limitations of Land Ownership
The Spanish crown made a law in 1865 ordering landholders to
register their landholdings.
Only those who were aware of these decrees benefited (Cedula)
Ancestral lands were claimed and registered in other people's
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

names (Spanish officials, inquilinos and caciques or local

chieftains)
As a result, many peasant families were driven out from the lands
they have been cultivating for centuries or were forced to become
tillers.
 Spanish Period
Laws for Registration of Lands and Properties
The Ley Hipotecaria or the Mortgage Law of 1893
- provided the systematic registration of titles and deeds as well as
ownership claims
- mainly a law on registration of properties rather than mortgage law
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

The Maura Law or Royal Decree of 1894

- farmers and landholders were given one year to register their
agricultural lands to avoid declaration of it as a state property
 04

LAND OWNERSHIP
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 The First Philippine Republic
Established in 1899
During the first Philippine Republic, the
government which was headed General
Emilio Aguinaldo attempted to confiscate
large landed estates, especially the Friar
lands (lands shared by Augustinians,
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Dominicans and Recollects). However, as

the Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo’s
plan was never implemented.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
 04

AMERICAN PERIOD
GOVERNMENT FOR THE FILIPINOS

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 Philippine Bill of 1902
Set the ceilings on the hectarage of private individuals and
corporations may acquire: 16 has. for private individuals and
1,024 has. for corporations.

Land Registration Act of

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

1902 (Act No. 496)

Provided for a comprehensive registration of land titles under
the Torrens system.
 Public Land Act of 1903
Introduced the homestead system in the Philippines.

Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

No. 4054 and 4113)

Regulated relationships between landowners and tenants of
rice (50-50 sharing) and sugar cane lands.
COMMONWEALTH
PERIOD
GOVERNMENT FOR THE FILIPINOS

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 FORMER
PRESIDENT
Manuel L. Quezon

ESPOUSED THE "SOCIAL JUSTICE" PROGRAM TO

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

ARREST THE INCREASING SOCIAL UNREST IN

CENTRAL LUZON.
 04

LEGISLATION
ENACTED
DURING PRES. MANUEL QUESZON

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 1935 Constitution
"The promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being and
economic security of all people should be the concern of the
State"

Commonwealth Act No. 178

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

AN AMENDMENT TO RICE TENANCY ACT NO. 4045 November 13, 1936

Provided for certain controls in the landlord-tenant

relationships
 National Rice and Corn Corporation
(NARIC), 1936
Established the price of rice and corn thereby help the poor
tenants as well as consumers.

Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Specified reasons for the dismissal of tenants and only with

the approval of the Tenancy Division of the Department of
Justice.
 Rural Program Administration
MARCH 2. 1939

Provided the purchase and lease of haciendas and their sale

and lease to the tenants.

Commonwealth Act No. 441

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

JUNE 3, 1939

Created the National Settlement Administration with a

capital stock of P20,000,000.
 04

JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
AGRARIAN REFORM

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
JAPANESE PERIOD
AGRICULTURE

The central Luzon plain is a rich agricultural area

where a large peasant population worked as tenant
farmers on vast estates. The visible contrast between
the wealthy few and the poverty-stricken masses was
responsible for periodic peasant revolts during the
Spanish period of Philippine history

Because of this, the HUKBALAHAP rebellion was

created

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 HUKBALAHAP
Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon

Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central

Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese lost
their lands to peasants while those who supported
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

the Huks earned fixed rentals in favor of the

tenants.
 04

PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
AGRARIAN REFORM 1946-2016

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 Philippine Republic (1946-1948)

Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the 70-

30 sharing arrangements and regulating
share-tenancy contracts.

Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a more

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

effective safeguard against arbitrary

ejectment of tenants.

Pres. Manuel A. Roxas

 Philippine Republic (1948-1953)
Executive Order No. 355 (October 23, 1950)

Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration

with Land Settlement Development Corporation
(LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the
Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Rice and Corn Production Administration.

Pres. Elpidio R. Quirino

 Philippine Republic (1953-1957)
Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954
Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
to resettle dissidents and landless farmers. It was particularly
aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands
in Palawan and Mindanao.

Republic Act No. 1199

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954

governed the relationship between landowners and tenant
farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system.
Pres. Ramon Magsaysay The law provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also
created the Court of Agrarian Relations.
 Philippine Republic (1953-1957)
Republic Act No. 1400
Land Reform Act of 1955
Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was
responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large
tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for
individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.

Republic Act No. 821

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative

Financing Administration
Provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low
Pres. Ramon Magsaysay interest rates of six to eight percent.
 Philippine Republic (1961-1965)
Republic Act No. 3844 (August 8, 1963)
Agricultural Land Reform Code
•Abolished share tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set
retention limit at 75 hectares, invested rights of preemption
and redemption for tenant farmers, provided for an
administrative machinery for implementation,
institutionalized a judicial system of agrarian cases,
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

incorporated extension, marketing and supervised credit

system of services of farmer beneficiaries.

Pres. Diosdado P. Macapagal

 Philippine Republic (1965- 1986)
Republic Act No. 6389
RA No. 6390 of 1971
Code of Agrarian Reform
Created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the
Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund. It strengthen the
position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian
reform.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Presidential Decree No. 2 (Sept 26, 1972)

Declared the country under land reform program. It
enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to
Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos extend full cooperation and assistance to the DAR. It also
activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council.
 Philippine Republic (1965- 1986)

Presidential Decree No. 27,

(October 21, 1972)

Restricted land reform scope to tenanted

rice and corn lands and set the retention
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

limit at 7 hectares.

Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos

 Philippine Republic (1986-1992)
Executive Order No. 228
July 16, 1987
Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-
beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It also determined the
value remaining unvalued rice and corn lands subject
of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by
the FBs and mode of compensation to landowners.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Executive Order No. 229

July 22, 1987
Provided mechanism for the implementation of
Pres. Corazon C. Aquino the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP).
 Philippine Republic (1986-1992)
Proclamation No. 131
July 22, 1987
Instituted the CARP as a major program of the
government. It provided for a special fund known
as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an
initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the
estimated cost of the program from 1987-1992.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Executive Order No. 129-A

July 26, 1987
Streamlined and expanded the power and
Pres. Corazon C. Aquino operations of the DAR.
 Philippine Republic (1986-1992)
Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
An act which became effective June 15,
1988 and instituted a comprehensive
agrarian reform program to promote
social justice and industrialization
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

providing the mechanism for its

implementation and for other purposes.
This law is still the one being
Pres. Corazon C. Aquino
implemented at present.
 Philippine Republic (1986-1992)
Executive Order No. 405
June 14, 1990
Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the
responsibility to determine land valuation and
compensation for all lands covered by CARP.
Executive Order No. 407
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

June 14, 1990

Accelerated the acquisition and distribution
of agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds,
Pres. Corazon C. Aquino agro-forestry lands and other lands of the
public domain suitable for agriculture.
 Philippine Republic (1992-1998)
Republic Act No. 7881
1995
Amended certain provisions of RA 6657 and
exempted fishponds and prawns from the
coverage of CARP.
Republic Act No. 7905
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

1995
Strengthened the implementation of the
CARP.
Pres. Fidel V. Ramos
 Philippine Republic (1992-1998)
Executive Order No. 363
1997
Limits the type of lands that may be converted
by setting conditions under which limits the
type of lands that may be converted by setting
conditions under which specific categories of
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

agricultural land are either absolutely non-

negotiable for conversion or highly restricted
for conversion.
Pres. Fidel V. Ramos
 Philippine Republic (1992-1998)
Republic Act No. 8435, 1997
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
Plugged the legal loopholes in land use
conversion.
Republic Act 8532, 1998
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Agrarian Reform Fund Bill

Provided an additional Php50 billion for
CARP and extended its implementation for
Pres. Fidel V. Ramos another 10 years.
 Philippine Republic (1998-2000)

Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999

Farmer’s Trust Fund
Allowed the voluntary consolidation of
small farm operation into medium and
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

large scale integrated enterprise that can

access long-term capital.

Pres.Joseph E. Estrada
 Philippine Republic (2000-2010)
Land Tenure Improvement
DAR will remain vigorous in implementing
land acquisition and distribution component of
CARP. The DAR will improve land tenure
system through land distribution and leasehold.
Provision of Support Services
CARP not only involves the distribution of
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

lands but also included package of support

services which includes: credit assistance,
extension services, irrigation facilities, roads
Pres. Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo and bridges, marketing facilities and training
and technical support programs.
 Philippine Republic (2000-2010)
Infrastructure Projects
DAR will transform the agrarian reform
communities (ARCs), an area focused and
integrated delivery of support services, into
rural economic zones that will help in the
creation of job opportunities in the countryside.
KALAHI ARZone
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

The KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones

were also launched. These zones consists of
one or more municipalities with
Pres. Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo concentration of ARC population to achieve
greater agro-productivity.
 Philippine Republic (2000-2010)

Executive Order No. 26, Series of 2011

To mandate the Department of Agriculture-
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources-Department of Agrarian Reform
Convergence Initiative to develop a National
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Greening Program in cooperation with other

government agencies.

Pres. Benigno Aquino III

Jenievive Adame-Youtube
 AGRARIAN REFORM
Conclusion

Agrarian reform is an unfinished reform

in the Philippines for 100 years after the
spaniards colonization
However, the past events, rallies,
revolution, and land policies gave way for

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
the acknowlegment of Agrarian Reform
Policy
Agrarian Reform is still an existing issue
in our countrt due to corruption and
lack of support from the government.
 AGRARIAN REFORM

Values Integration
Leviticus 25:4

During the seventh year the land shall have a

sabbath rest, a sabbath to the Lord; you shall
not sow your field nor prune your vineyard.

We are aware that many national farm

organizations are putting forth various plans

PHILIPPINE HISTORY
to provide both short and long term relief to
our nation's agricultural procedures. While
we believe long-term solutions are essential,
the current situation demands a more
immediate response.

By: Mel Carnahan

 REFERENCES
https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/23074/philippinesbrief.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://prezi.com/tcmdgm_qx1ep/agrarian-reform-pre-colonial-to-spanish-era/?
frame=61b1cf775f9c81e19c303e3d65f817d345cf7eaa
https://www.slideshare.net/lolxie/land-reform-duing-spanish-period
https://www.dar.gov.ph/about-us/agrarian-reform-history/
Source
https://www.slideshare.net/FayeMadrigal1/history-of-agrarian-reform
https://www.slideshare.net/robi_sildee/a-looked-back-to-the-history-of-land-reform-in-the-philippines
https://www.dar.gov.ph/about-us/agrarian-reform-history/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3I1H3a8SP_M&ab_channel=PROF.LEI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpdVFRJvzuo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB8V8lGLo9g&ab_channel=JenieviveAdame
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