loT par Satellite

Programme
Séance Proaremme VH
Séance 1 Chapitre 1 : Généralités sur les systèmes de communication par satellite 2H P
Historique
Architecture d'un système de communication par satellite 1H NP (Quiz)
Avantages et contraintes
Applications, bandes de fréquences, services
Séance 2 Chapitre 2: Communication entre es satellites et la terre 2HP
Orbites 1H NP (Quiz)
Les équipements
Bilan de liaison
Techniaues d'accès
Séance 3 Chapitre 3 : Chaine de communication 10 T par satellite 2H P
Types de sat (pico, nano, etc) 1H NP (Quiz)
Normes de com (LPWAN, Sigfox, foRa, etc)
Tvties de ceoteurs/obiets et applications
Séance 4 TP1 : Orbite et positionnement du satellite 2H P
Simulation Mat/ab 1H NP
Séance 5 TP2 : Bilan de liaison cubesat 2H P
Simulation Mat/ab 1H NP
Séance 6 TP3: Communication LoRa Satellite 2H P
Démonstration sur une plateforme LoRa 1H NP
Séance 7 TP4 : Méthode d'accès pour 10 T par Sat 2H P
Méthodes d'accès ALOHA implémentation d'une chaine de transmission sou Mat/ab 1H NP
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Introduction
 Microwave radio transmission

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 Microwave radio transmission

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Site B

Site B
Range of a microwave radio (one hop)
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 Satellite systems as compared with
terrestrial microwave and optical
fiber transmission

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Microwave radio relay systems can be used for communications
between far points only on land.
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o The ionosphere layer can be used to establish long distance

communications between continents.
The limitation of the bandwidth is an important problem with
this transmission method.
e The propagation conditions change often, depending on many
uncontrollable parameters.
• Satellite communication is another alternative derived from the
refiection method. It is based on the use of sorne artificial
stations in the space that can receive radio signals and
transmit them. to another point on the earth.
 Satellite Communications Illustration

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Data
~ Station Data

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Interface
• LtlIire
Video Video
• Fiber
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User User
Envi ron ment Environmcnt
 Earth Station B Earth Station A

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•• Uplink
Downlink

ln its simplest form, a satellite changes the uplink radio

frequencies and amplifies the corresponding signala received
from the earth station B, and radiates them as a downlink
waves to be received by the earth station A.
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 Satellite transponder

LNA BPF Mixer BPF HPA

Uplink
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Downlink

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Simplified single conversion transponder (bent
pipe) for 6/4 GHz band

6 GHz 4 GHz 4 GHz 4 GHz

LNA BPF· Downconverter BPF LPA HPA

6 GHz uplink 4 GHz downlink

Local
antenna antenna
oscillator
2225 MHz
Simplified double conversion transponder (bent
pipe) for 14/11 GHz band

14 GHz 1 GHz 1 GHz

LNA BPF Downconverter BPF IF amplifier

13 GHz
14 GHz Local
uplink oscillator
antenna

10 GHz
Local ~'
1 GHz 11 GHz 11 GHz
BPF HPA downlink
oscillator
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Upconverter
 Definition of satellite services
Fixed satellite services FSS: According to the Radio
Regulation, The F88 is a radio communication between given
positions on the earth surface when one or more satellites are
used. Transponders and associated antennas are called space
stations of the FSS.

Mobile satellite services (MSS): According to the Radio

Regulation, MSS is a radio communication service between
mobile earth stations and a space station, or between mobile
earth stations by means of space stations.

'Broadcasting éatellite services (BSS): BSS is a

radiocommunication service in which signala transmitted or
retransmitted by space stations are intented for direct reception
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by the general public using very small receiving antennas.
· Illustration of FSS

Space stations

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Illustration of mobile satellite services

Feeder links

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Illustration of broadcasting satellite services

TV studio
SMATV

CATV: Cable television network

SMATV: Satellite master antenna TV
DTH: Dirèct-to-home TV
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(e.g. remote sensing stations) Destination ground station Control ground station

Basic components of a satellite store-and-forward system

 Historical background
• 1945: ln a visionary paper, A. C. Clarke, describes a world
communication and broadcasting system based on
geosynchronous space sations.
• 1957: Launching of the Sputnik-1 artificiel satellites (USSR)
and detection of the first satellite-transmitted radio signals.
• 1960: Launching of the ECHO-1 balloon satellite
(USA/NASt). Earth-station ta earth-station passive relaying
of telephone and television signals at 1 and 2.5 GHz by
reflection on the metalized surface of this 30 m balloon placed
in a circular orbit at 1600 km altitude.
• 1962: Foundation of the COMSAT corporation (USA), the first
company specifically devoted to domestic and international
satellite communications.
• Launching of the TELSTAR-1 satellite (USAI ATT) (July) and
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 of the Relay-1 satellite (USA/ ASA) (December). Both were
non-geostationary, low-altitude satellites operating in the 6/4
GHz bands.
• 1963: Launching of SYNCOM-2 (USA/NASA) (July), the first
geostationary satellite (300 telephone circuits or one TV
channel).
• 1964: Establishment of the INTELSAT organization (19
national Administration as initial signatories).
• 1965: Launching of INTELSAT-1 (EARLY BIRD) satellite
(April), first commercial geostationary communication satellite.
First operational communications (USA, France, Federal
Republic of Germany, and UK).
• 1965: Launching of MOLNYA-1 (URSS), a non-geostationary
satellite (elliptical orbit, 12 hours revolution). Beginning of TV
transmission to small size receive earth stations in USSR.
 Three geostationary satellites
provides nearly worldwide coverage

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Evolution of satellite communications
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Three generations of satellite communication systems: fixed, mobile; and persona!.