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Chap. 1 - Philosophy of Mathematics

The document discusses the philosophy of mathematics, including its epistemological, ontological, and methodological aspects. It notes that mathematics was not created by philosophy but developed together through problems and feedback. Some pioneering philosophers of mathematics mentioned include Thales, Pythagoras, Euclides, and Archimedes. The scope of studying the philosophy of mathematics includes mathematical epistemology, ontology, methodology, logic, ethics, aesthetics, and its role in history and civilization. Mathematical epistemology deals with mathematical knowledge, while ontology deals with what exists in mathematics. Methodology consists of deduction, induction, and dialectical methods using axioms, definitions, and theorems. Logic and mathematics also have a relationship where mathematics

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54 views2 pages

Chap. 1 - Philosophy of Mathematics

The document discusses the philosophy of mathematics, including its epistemological, ontological, and methodological aspects. It notes that mathematics was not created by philosophy but developed together through problems and feedback. Some pioneering philosophers of mathematics mentioned include Thales, Pythagoras, Euclides, and Archimedes. The scope of studying the philosophy of mathematics includes mathematical epistemology, ontology, methodology, logic, ethics, aesthetics, and its role in history and civilization. Mathematical epistemology deals with mathematical knowledge, while ontology deals with what exists in mathematics. Methodology consists of deduction, induction, and dialectical methods using axioms, definitions, and theorems. Logic and mathematics also have a relationship where mathematics

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The philosophy of mathematics is a comprehensive and complex thought on issues relating to the

foundation and basis of mathematical knowledge and mathematical relationships in all fields of
human life, both epistemologically,ontologically,methodologically, as well as ethical and aesthetic
aspects of mathematical knowledge.

According to The Liang Gie, it would be wrong to say that philosophy is the father or mother of
mathematics. Mathematics was never born from philosophy, but both developed together by giving
each other problems as input and feedback.

There are some of the philosophers who pioneered the development of philosophy and
mathematics:

1. Thales, Thales is recognized as having proven six basic geometrical propositions, including the
proposition that the two base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. But practical geometry also
got his attention, namely by finding a way to measure the height of a pyramid based on its shadow.

2. Pythagoras is known as the father of numbers, he made important contributions to philosophy


and religious teachings in the late sixth century BC.

3. Euclides Euclides was a philosopher and mathematician from Greece. The Elements is an
important legacy to the world by Euclides which contains much about geometry.

4. Archimedes, In mathematics, his discovery of the value of pi symbolized by , which is 22/7 is


Archimides’ accurate calculation of the relationship between the surface and volume of a ball with
respect to a cylinder. He invented approximate methods for calculating the circumference and area
of a circle, the surface area and volume of a ball.

The general and specific problems discussed regarding the scope of the study of the philosophy of
mathematics introduced by The Liang Gie include: mathematical epistemology, mathematical
ontology, mathematical methodology, logical structure of mathematics, ethical implications of
mathematics, aesthetic aspects of mathematics and the role of mathematics in history human
civilization.

1. Mathematical epistemology is a branch of philosophy that deals with mathematical


knowledge. Mathematics as part of science which is a knowledge obtained from the learning
process. Many scientists claim that mathematics is part of science. According to Ibn Kaldun
in his book entitled Muqaddimah states that mathematics is part of the four kinds of
knowledge including: logic, natural science, metaphysics and mathematics. And astronomy.
Unlike Immanuel Kant, he argues that the three disciplines of science consist of logic,
arithmetic and geometry.
2. Mathematical ontology is a branch of philosophy that deals with something that exists,
including metaphysical matters in mathematical knowledge.
3. Mathematical methodology is a collection of methods, formulas and rules used in every
science, there is a name in the method or method of the science. In each method there are
two different things, namely, the basics and arguments. The mathematical methodology
consists of three methods, namely the deduction method, the induction method and the
dialectical method. The important points in the mathematical method consist of three parts,
namely:
1)An axiom is a statement whose truth is accepted without further proof to be the basis or
guide in a discussion
2)Definition is a proportion that leads to the nature and quality of something.
3)Theorems are also called propositions which are the discovery of new mathematical
patterns or formulas, and can be proven based on the axioms of logic.
Based on the three sections, it can be emphasized that the mathematical method is a
procedure for proving that is based on axioms and definitions, which are concluded with
strict logical reasoning in proving and deriving theorems.
4. According to Muhammad Mufid, logic cannot be separated from the four basic laws of logic
including the law of identity, contradiction, no middle ground and the law of sufficient
reason. Logic and mathematics have a relationship with each other, so it is called
mathematical logic. Logic is included in the category of pure mathematics because
mathematics is systematic logic. In general, mathematical logic is divided into two, namely
definite logic and uncertain logic.
The person who first introduced introducing logic for inference was Aristotle. Drawing
conclusions in mathematical logic, there are at least three ways to solve it, namely using
modus ponens, modus tolens and syllogism. There are three types of syllogisms, namely:
categorical syllogisms, hypothetical syllogisms and disjunctive syllogisms.
As the queen of science, mathematics shows its role as the parent or basis of science, so it
can be said that in today’s modern era, both the fields of medicine, biology, social science
and other sciences continue to study mathematics as a support.

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