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Smartphone Architecture: Evan Mcdonough - Ke Vin We LCH

Smartphones have over 182 million active users in the US, with Apple having the largest market share. System on Chips (SOCs) combine processors, memory, and other components onto a single chip to improve performance while reducing size and power consumption in smartphones. SOCs and baseband processors face challenges in optimizing for power usage during both idle and suspended states to avoid negatively impacting battery life. Future smartphone designs will need to more aggressively manage power to accommodate rising user demands for increased processing power without compromising battery life.

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Bourahima TEONSA
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84 views18 pages

Smartphone Architecture: Evan Mcdonough - Ke Vin We LCH

Smartphones have over 182 million active users in the US, with Apple having the largest market share. System on Chips (SOCs) combine processors, memory, and other components onto a single chip to improve performance while reducing size and power consumption in smartphones. SOCs and baseband processors face challenges in optimizing for power usage during both idle and suspended states to avoid negatively impacting battery life. Future smartphone designs will need to more aggressively manage power to accommodate rising user demands for increased processing power without compromising battery life.

Uploaded by

Bourahima TEONSA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Smartphone Architecture

Evan McDonough - Ke vin We lch


Smartphones
• 182 million active smartphone users in the US
• That’s 74.6% of the total population
• Apple has the largest market share
• 41.6% of total subscribers
• Gaming
• Worldwide mobile gaming revenues are expected to overtake console games in 2015
• North America and Western Europe mobile gaming is growing at ~50% year after year
• Average Mobile digital media time is greater than Desktop digital media time
in the US
Cellphone vs PDA vs Smartphone
Cellphone:
- Calling and te xting fe ature s
- Ve ry fe w othe r fe ature s
PDAs (Pe rsonal Digital Assistants):
- We b browsing, pe rsonal organize r
- Traditionally did not include calling / faxing / e mails
Smartphone s:
- Combine d the PDA and Ce llphone functionality
Many Similar De vice s:
- Pocke t PC, Table t, “smartphone ” vs. “Smartphone ”
Challenges for Mobile Devices
Power Consumption:
- Batte ry life and de vice e fficie ncy must be optimize d
- De vice must conse rve powe r whe n idle or suspe nde d
Ne tworking:
- Most mobile de vice s de signe d for on-the -go computing
- Ne e d to handle inte rne t / calls / SMS re liably
Se curity:
- De vice s can be e asily lost or stole n
- Important pe rsonal information must be prote cte d
Anatomy of a smartphone
System on Chip (SOC)
• Single chip solution for application processor
• Processors (CPUs and GPUs)
• On-chip memory
• Accelerating function hardware
• All analog components

• Coordinated software and hardware


• Smartphones use SoC instead of connecting separate chips on a PCB
because:
• Reduces cost, power, and size
• Increases performance
The iPhone
• Design features
• One of the first phones with a GPU
• Accelerometer (automatically rotates screen)
• 2 megapixel camera
• Proximity sensor (dims screen during calls)
• Ambient light sensor to automatically change brightness
• Problems:
• exclusive to AT&T
• low battery life (due to GPU and new sensors)
• No removable battery or SD card…did not please power-users
• Resulted in more “Average” users entering smartphone market
SoC design challenges
• Very complex designs

• Much more expensive than alternatives

• Performance requirements: (must do well for all)


• Size limitations

• Power usage (affects battery life)

• Heat dissipation is more difficult

• Performance with images, sound, video of all varieties

• Performance with networks of all varieties (Wifi, cellular, etc.)

• Smartphone sales can drop if even one aspect is sub-par


Solutions to SoC problems
• Multi-core processing and Hyperthreading
• Run task in parallel for more speed

• Rotate between cores for temperature management (sort of like minigun)

• Non-linear increase in performance when adding cores

• Rely more upon GPUs


• Better performance for specialized tasks

• Move analog functionality do digital domain


• Analog tech growth rate doesn’t follow Moore’s law

• Use ARM processors (over 95% of market share)


Baseband Processors
- Se condary proce ssors functioning as mode ms
- Originally use d in ce llphone ne tworks
- Have since e volve d to handle Digital, 3G, LTE, e tc.

- Most e mploy an ARM de sign for ve ry low powe r usage


- Proce ssors contain the ir own micro OS and me mory
- Allows the proce ssor to function on its own
- Incre ase s re liability by isolating functions from main syste m

- Handle s de vice functions whe n de vice is idle


Baseband Processor Design
Power Usage - Idle vs Suspended
A device is considered IDLE when:

- The de vice is fully awake , with the SoC running


- SoC is powe re d but not pe rforming tasks
- Powe r consumption is fairly stable and can be be nchmarke d

A de vice is conside re d SUSPENDED whe n:

- The SoC of the de vice is in low-powe r mode


- Android de vice s powe r off main SoC by saving curre nt state to RAM

- Only the low powe r base band proce ssor is active


- Most of a de vice ’s time is spe nt in the suspe nde d state
Power Consumption: SPEC2000 Benchmarks
- Pe rforme d on an Ope nmoko Ne o Fre e runne r with Android (20 0 8)
- Similar to the Google Ne xus One (20 10 ) and HTC Dre am (20 0 8)

Powe r consumption in Suspe nde d State Powe r consumption in Idle State


Power Consumption: SPEC2000 Benchmarks

Power consumption playing a 5 minute video Powe r consumption during a 77 se cond


with no sound
phone call

● Notice the powe r consumption bottle ne ck


Power Consumption: SPEC2000 Benchmarks

Power consumption handling emails with wifi and Powe r consumption handling we b browsing with
GPRS (2G and “old” 3G) wifi and GPRS
Future Challenges
- Use rs de sire e ve r-incre ase d computing powe r
- Re sults in highe r powe r consumption
- Will re quire a more aggre ssive powe r conse rvation me thod
- Base band Proce ssor De signs
- Ve ry close d source hardware
- Unknown se curity risks
- Powe r consumption bottle ne ck during de vice suspe nsion
- Batte ry te chnology
- Not advancing fast e nough to re lie ve powe r consumption issue s
- Consiste nt incre ase in smartphone costs until major batte ry te ch bre akthrough
Links
Baseband and SIM Card Secondary Processors on smartphones:
http://www.androidauthority.com/galaxy-s4-att-update -317818/
http://www.bapre ss.ca/ccc/ccc20 13-1/3_130 5270 1_Final%20 Draft.pdf

Ne twork Challe nge s and Archite cture for Smartphone s (look at page s 9+):
http://online library.wile y.com/doi/10 .10 0 2/wcm.120 3/e pdf

Smartphone Powe r Usage Analysis (pe rforme d on Ope nmoko Fre e runne r):
https://www.use nix.org/le gacy/e ve nt/use nix10 /te ch/full_pape rs/Carroll.pdf

Mobile game re ve nue s se t to ove rtake console game s in 20 15


http://fortune .com/20 15/0 1/15/mobile -console -game -re ve nue s-20 15/

Mobile Marke ting Statistics 20 15


http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile -marke ting/mobile -marke ting-analytics/mobile -marke ting-statistics/

Syste m on chip (SoC) for mobile phone s


http://www.slide share .ne t/Funk98/syste m-on-chip-soc-for-mobile -phone s

iPhone original
http://www.imore .com/history-iphone -original

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