Give at least 30 construction materials / Construction equipment that you commonly

seen in a construction site and give a brief description on these materials.

1. Wood- is one of the most natural materials available not to mention one
that can be cost-efficient. It is strong and durable. It is a building
material that is flexible in all senses.
2. Steel- is one of the most commonly used materials in construction. Steel
is one of the strongest building materials available with excellent
strength capacity in both tension and compression. Because of its high
strength-to-weight ratio, it is ideal for structural framework of tall
buildings and large industrial facilities
3. Concrete- also known as Reinforced Concrete- is composed of steel making
it very strong. Typically used in the structure and foundation of a
building – once it has been applied, it will take multiple hours before
it has settled and hardened.
4. Glass- is a building material that is both versatile and underrated. One
of the most common types of glass used was obsidian for its aesthetic
appeal and strength. It is meant to be used for windows.
5. Stone- is a common material choice for flooring and walls. The texture
of stone makes it versatile, from a smooth finish to a textured one-
stone can also come in many different colors.
6. Mud and clay- is a semi-fluid material that can be used to coat, seal,
and adhere materials. Mud is referred to as with many different names by
its different components like slurry, mortar, plaster, stucco, and
concrete.
7. Cement- is a material that sets, hardens and can bind together all other
building materials.
8. Bricks and Blocks- A brick is a block made of kiln-fired material, usually
clay or shale, but also may be of lower quality mud, etc. Bricks were
widely used as a construction material in the 1700, 1800 and 1900s
9. TIMBER(WOOD)-Is used indoors. It used to make windows, cabinet,
cupboards, shelves, tables, railings etc.
10. Masonry - using individual units to build structures that are
usually uses mortar to bound the units together. Masonry is strong in
resisting compression loads/stresses which makes it ideal to use for the
construction of load bearing walls. Masonry is a highly durable and fire
resistant material, however it can be sensitive to mortar and workmanship
quality.
11.Aggregates- are the most commonly used material in construction. Also,
aggregates are the most mining material in the world. Aggregate is the
main component of composite material such as concrete and asphalt
concrete. It gives strength to the overall composite material.
12. Concrete Admixtures and Mortar Admixtures - is a group of high-
quality admixtures, dosed in specific proportions in concrete, to
improves its workability, physical properties and enhance the durability
and service life of concrete structures.
13. Gypsum Powder - is used for finishing the walls and concrete
blocks. You could also use it for ceilings and columns. Most of the
builders get their gypsum for building work from the Gypsum Powder
 suppliers in their locality. Gypsum is calcium sulphate dehydrate
(CaSO4.2H2O). The method of preparation of the gypsum is by mining the
mineral, heat dried and then crushed to a fine powder. This powder finds
diverse applicability such as for fertilizer, as blackboard chalk, and
for making plaster board.
14. Mortar - a paste-like mixture of sand, cement, lime, and water.
They provide a watertight joint between the stones and bricks in
building construction. There are different types of mortars based on the
nature of the application, binding materials, bulk density, particular
uses, etc.
15. Fabric - The tent used to be the home of choice among nomadic
groups the world over. Two well-known types include the conical teepee
and the circular yurt. It has been revived as a major construction
technique with the development of tensile architecture and synthetic
fabrics. Modern buildings can be made of flexible material such as
fabric membranes, and supported by a system of steel cables or internal
(air pressure.)
16. Thatch- is one of the oldest of materials known; grass is a good
insulator and easily harvested. T hatch roofs on homes were once
prevalent but the material fell out of favor as industrialization and
improved transport increased the availability of other materials. of on
homes were once prevalent but the material fell out of favor as
industrialization and improved transport increased the availability of
other materials.
17.Brush structures -  are built entirely from plant parts and are generally
found in tropical and subtropical areas, such as rainforests, where very
large leaves can be used in the building.
18. Metal- is used as structural framework for larger buildings such
as skyscrapers, or as an external surface covering. There are many types
of metals used for building. It is strong, flexible, and if refined well
and/or treated lasts a long time. is the second most common building
material after concrete. It is one of the most useful and strong types
of building materials.
19. Ceramics- are mostly used as fixtures or coverings in buildings.
Ceramic floors, walls, counter-tops, even ceilings. Ceramics used to be
just a specialized form of clay-pottery firing in kilns, but it has
evolved into more technical areas.
20. Plastics- he term plastics covers a range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic organic condensation or polymerization products that can be
molded or extruded into objects or films or fibers. Plastics vary
immensely in heat tolerance, hardness, and resiliency. Combined with
this adaptability, the general uniformity of composition and lightness
of plastics ensures their use in almost all industrial applications
today
21. Cement Composites- are an important class of construction
material. These products are made of hydrated cement paste that binds
wood or alike particles or fibers to make precast building components.
Various fibrous materials including paper and fiberglass have been used
as binders. Wood and natural fibers are composed of various soluble
organic compounds like carbohydrates, glycosides and phenolic. These
compounds are known to retard cement setting. 
 22. Foam - It is light weight, easily shaped and an excellent
insulator. It is usually used as part of a structural insulated panel
where the foam is sandwiched between wood or cement.
23. TMT Binding Wires- Binding wires are the thin iron steel wire that
used to bind or tight the TMT Steel bars and help in providing proper
structure to the construction due to the stability of the TMT Steel
Bars. It is used for tying applications in the field of construction. It
is used extensively in the construction sector to tying rebar at the
joints to keep the structure intact.
24. FLY ASH- Can be used as a prime material in many cement based
products, such as poured concrete, concrete block and brick.
25. BITUMEN-Is a material obtained by fractional distillation by
crude petroleum as an end product.
26. TOWER CRANE- are fixed cranes which are used for hoisting
purposes in construction of tall structures. They are fixed in a specific
location, typically mounted in a concrete slab on the ground.
27. Loaders- are used in construction site to load the material onto
dumpers, trucks etc. these are widely used in sites while tracked or
crawled loaders are used in sites where wheeled vehicles cannot reach.
28. Compactors or Rollers- are used to compact the material or earth
surface. Different types of compactors are available for different
compacting purposes.
29. Excavators - are important and widely used equipment in
construction industry. They can be for demolition, heavy lifting,
demolition, river dredging, cutting of trees etc. Its general purpose is
for excavations.
30. Pile Driving Equipment- This equipment lifts the pile and holds it
in proper position and drives into the ground up to required depth. 

Is ESTIMATING important in a field of construction? Why or why not?

 Yes, Estimating is most important of the aspects practical aspects of

construction management. It needs to ensure that all construction projects
are completed within time and budget as per client needs and requirements.
It must be as accurate and possible and can helps for an additional
expense when there is a lack of material.

Is SCHEDULING important in a field of construction? Why or why not?

 Yes, because Scheduling identifies the sequence in which the materials are
going to be put in place. And also associates to the deadlines and
interdependent tasks and assigns dates to required resources. It not only
helps in outlining the stride of work but also how the work will get done.

Are you considering in becoming a Civil Engineer specializing in Construction

Engineering and Management? Why and Why not?
 Yes, because civil engineering, it’s worth thinking about the career you
want to end up in, so that you can focus your learning and training as
 specifically as possible. Your understanding of your chosen area of
specialization will have to be as in-depth as you can make it, so you’ll
need to narrow your focus as you progress through education to the real
world of industry.

What is the Most considerable to take note while in a construction site?

 The Most considerable to take note while in a construction site is
the SAFETY of the equipment, materials and the worker to secure
that there is no accidents and incidents happen and to ensure that
the materials and in good shape for construction.