EINSTEIN (e-Journal)

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THE MOST MYSTERIOUS THING IN UNIVERSE : BLACK-HOLE
Dita Natalia Y.S1, Eri Santi2, Meliana Eclesia Manurung3 , Nurhayati4 , Silvania Carella5
1
Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan
ditanataliays@gmail.com, melianaeclesia22500@gmail.com
Diterima : Disetujui : Dipublikasikan:

ABSTRACT
This paper was motivated by the appearance of Black hole and its phenomenon in this galaxy. Black
hole phenomenon which is part of Einstein's theory of relativity is still a mystery. In a recent study of
black holes that had only been discovered in recent months, this phenomenon was new history. This
paper contains a review of theories about black holes, by analyzing several journals and the latest
findings from NASA regarding these black holes.
Keyword: Gravity, Black hole, Spagethisation,

BACKGROUND Gravity in Our Universe

GRAVITY
Gravity is what holds the planets
What Is Gravity?
in orbit around the sun and what keeps the
Gravity is the force by which a planet
moon in orbit around Earth. The
or other body draws objects toward its
gravitational pull of the moon pulls the seas
center. The force of gravity keeps all of the
towards it, causing the ocean tides. Gravity
planets in orbit around the sun. Anything
creates stars and planets by pulling together
that has mass also has gravity. Objects with
the material from which they are made.
more mass have more gravity. Gravity also
Gravity not only pulls on mass but also on
gets weaker with distance. So, the closer
light. Albert Einstein discovered this
objects are to each other, the stronger their
principle. If you shine a flashlight upwards,
gravitational pull is. Earth's gravity comes
the light will grow imperceptibly redder as
from all its mass. All its mass makes a
gravity pulls it. You can't see the change
combined gravitational pull on all the mass
with your eyes, but scientists can measure it.
in your body. That's what gives you weight.
And if you were on a planet with less mass Black holes pack so much mass into
than Earth, you would weigh less than you such a small volume that their gravity is
do here. strong enough to keep anything, even light,
from escaping.
Gravity On Earth mathematician Johannes Kepler had
formulated accurate laws to predict the
Gravity is very important to us. We
motions of the planets.
could not live on Earth without it. The sun's
gravity keeps Earth in orbit around it, Newton’s Law Of Universal Gravitation
keeping us at a comfortable distance to enjoy
the sun's light and warmth. It holds down our Enter Isaac Newton, who realised
atmosphere and the air we need to breath. there must be a force acting between the
Gravity is what holds our world together. planets and the Sun. (He also defined what a
However, gravity isn’t the same everywhere force is.) Whether or not an falling apple
on Earth. Gravity is slightly stronger over really prompted his eureka moment, the
places with more mass underground than equation he came up with to describe the
over places with less mass. NASA uses two behaviour of this force was revolutionary.
spacecraft to measure these variations in m 1 .m 2
F=G
Earth’s gravity. These spacecraft are part of r2
the Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE) mission. This equation says that gravity is a
force that two objects with mass exert on
The Basic Idea
each other simply because they have mass.
Physicists see gravity as one of the The strength of the force (F) is proportional
four fundamental forces that govern the the masses of the two objects (m1 and m2)
universe, alongside electromagnetism and divided by the square of the distance
the strong and weak nuclear forces. A force between them (r). The G is a constant that
is defined as an interaction that changes an measures the basic strength of the force. It
object’s motion, and so these four forces boils down to this: the more massive objects
underpin all of physics and define how are, the greater the force of attraction
everything in the universe interacts – from between them, but the further they are apart,
the vast cosmic interplay of galaxies to the the weaker the attraction.
tight bonds that bind quarks inside a proton
Consider the legend associated with
or neutron. Gravity is the weakest of these
Newton’s revelation about gravity: an apple
forces, but it’s the one we’ve been aware of
falling from a tree. Newton’s law of
for longest. For centuries, we knew that our
universal gravitation tells us that not only
feet are kept on the ground and the planets
does the Earth tug on the apple, the apple
are kept in orbit around the Sun. Even before
also tugs on the Earth. But the Earth’s
gravity was described mathematically,
enormous mass means it takes a lot more
seventeenth-century astronomer and
force to move it an appreciable amount, so much like how the Earth orbits around the
the apple comes toppling down while the Sun.
Earth remain practically motionless. The
Einstein’s theory of general relativity
same is true in a broader context. Every
therefore describes gravity as not just a
object in the Universe is attracting every
force, but geometry – it is a consequence of
other object, but the closer and more massive
how matter warps spacetime. Unlike
it is, the greater its gravitational power. By
Newton’s theory, general relativity correctly
plugging a few numbers into this equation,
describes the changing orbit of Mercury by
we can describe and predict almost all
taking into account the disturbances of
gravitational phenomena on Earth plus the
spacetime caused by the Sun’s mass. Since
motions of planets, comets and moons. It
Einstein’s published his theory in 1915, it
explains why stars congregate into galaxies,
has acquired a hefty body of observational
and why galaxies bunch up to form clusters.
evidence to support it. It correctly describes
the bending of light around the Sun and
Einstein’s Theory Of General Relativity distant galaxy clusters since masses curve
In Newton’s universe, space is a flat spacetime, as light zooms past it follows a
and empty place that objects like stars and path along the contours of spacetime.
planets move through, but Einstein took a General relativity is also verified by the
different approach. In one of the towering measurement of gravitational redshift,
scientific achievements of the twentieth correctly predicting how the gravitational
century, Einstein and his former professor pull of stars stretches the frequency of their
Hermann Minkowski showed that space and light. Most recently and spectacularly,
time are not separate entities but rather a gravitational wave detections provided solid
single four-dimensional continuum. They evidence that massive objects not only
imagined it stretching through the universe distort spacetime, but can also create ripples
like a fabric. Any object with mass, Einstein in it when two objects such as black holes
reasoned, would interact with the fabric of violently collide.
spacetime and cause distortions. As a classic
Gravity as a fundamental force
analogy goes, imagine spacetime as
Still, mysteries remain. Gravity may
something like a trampoline. A bowling ball
be one of the fundamental forces of the
placed in the middle would bend the fabric
universe, but it currently seems
and create a well. If you then set down a
fundamentally incompatible with the others.
marble near the bowling ball, it would spiral
Even before Einstein, physicists strove to
around the well as being pulled inwards,
formulate a single theory linking every
physical aspect of the Universe, including all slower wherever gravity is strongest, and this
fundamental forces and particles. A ‘theory is because gravity curves space-time.
of everything’ would be the ultimate
Think of it this way — time follows
achievement of physics. While quantum
a simple equation:
field theory (QFT) succeeds in bringing
together electromagnetism and the strong speed = distance / time

and weak nuclear forces, it struggles with Light (in this case, speed) is always constant
including general relativity. Einstein spent and travels at a speed of 180,000 miles per
the second half of his career trying to puzzle second.  Imagine two beams of light: one in
out how gravity fits in, but didn’t get very a weak gravitational field traveling between
far. Linking these two theoretical points a and b, and the other in
frameworks is an open area of research, a strong gravitational field traveling between
spanning the field of quantum gravity, string points c and d.
theory, M theory, and more. These attempts
 
seem a world away from Newton and his
apple, but it’s a microcosm for science as a
whole: sometimes the Universe is a whole
lot more complicated – and a whole lot more
interesting – than first thought.

How Gravity Changes Time: The Effect

Known as Gravitational Time Dilation

Gravity is not just a force

The path between c and d is longer due to
Did you watch the
the curving of space and time so it takes
movie Interstellar and come out wondering
longer for light to travel between the two
how any of it was possible?  It is mind-
points.  This effect has been proven by
boggling to comprehend that one hour can
several experiments and is used to run and
pass by on one planet while seven years pass
maintain something most of us use almost
by on Earth. The explanation comes down to
every single day: GPS.
what scientists call Gravitational Time
Dilation.  This effect measures the amount of Global Positioning System (GPS)
time that has elapsed between two events by satellites are positioned about 12,550 miles
observers at different distances from a above Earth’s surface and therefore are not
gravitational mass.  In other words, time runs as close to Earth’s gravitational field.  The
clocks on these satellites tick faster than the
clocks on Earth’s surface so scientists have gravity, the gas parts were transformed into
put a correction into the satellite programs to dense and became the first galaxies. These
ensure that the GPS data sent back to Earth’s galaxies then explode again into stars.
surface have matching times.  Without this
According to R. H. Flower, an English
correction, GPS satellites would not be the
astronomer, after a star ran out of fuel that
useful tool that we know them to be. Are you
caused the discharge, the pressure out caused
hoping that Gravitational Time Dilation will
by a nuclear reaction was interrupted and the
help you live longer if you decided to travel
heavy power from within the star attracted
to some distant planet with a strong
All star Mass to the center of the star and It
gravitational field?  Even if that were
came about as gravity-induced collapse. The
possible (and it is not with our current
mass of stars gathered into a solid object and
technology), you would only be living longer
its strong style of appeal caused all the
relative to Earth.  Humans still only have a
surrounding rays to be absorbed, and the
lifespan of 70 – 100 years. Taking a look at
fallen star became very dark. That thing is
our solar system and the planet with the
called the Black Hole (Nasution, 1999).
largest gravitational mass, Jupiter, how much
longer could we expect to live relative to
Earth if we were able to move to there?
When the light is trapped by a black hole,
According to Neil deGrasse Tyson, it would
there will be no information that can be
only be a few minutes.
obtained to prove the presence of black holes
BLACK HOLE directly. But observation of the behavior of
moving objects and energy distribution of a
At first 1.2 to 1.8 billion years ago the
location can be applied to determine the
universe was the most dense mass. The most
presence of mass distribution of a location,
dense mass can be regarded as a solid atom
in this case applied to determine the
with a small size that then experiences a
existence of black holes.
radioactive reaction. This reaction results in
a devastating explosion resulting in bright The black hole is a spectacular prediction in
flashes of light and breaking a single atom Einstein's gravitational theory. Black holes
into small atoms of hydrogen gas. This is the are an object with a very massive mass,
beginning of the universe. The highway is causing the light to be attracted and stuck
then developed and light fades until space into it without being able to break away even
then takes the form of a dark mist consisting the light can not shy away from the straw of
of hydrogen gas. Over time due to the black holes.
influence of the rotational currents and
According to Hawking on his work made in
1965-1970 shows that according to general
relativity theory, there must be a singularity
with an unreached density and an unreached
curvature of space and time in a black hole.
Singularity is the collapse of the masses due
to the pull of gravitational force, where the
Figure 1.1 The Collaboration 8 pieces of
Unzero masses eventually must have a zero
Telescope worldwide
volume. So the situation was created with a
mass meeting not until. However, the
concept of today's black hole is a singularity
in space and time wrapped by event
horizons. Event Horizon is the boundary of
the region of a black hole from which no
radiation may escape. Any event that
happens within the event horizon is invisible
to a distant viewer. Figure 1.2 black hole photo caught by EHT

BLACK HOLE IN THE GALAXY WHAT IF WE ENTER THE BLACK

HOLE?
On 10 April 2019, using 8 telescopes
What happens when you fall into a black
scattered around the world, the Event hole?
Horizon Telescope had been found a
A black hole is a place where the laws of
photograph of a black hole located in the
physics as we know them break down.
Galaxy Messier 97 with an approximate Einstein taught us that gravity warps space
estimated 40 million km and a total of 55 itself, causing it to curve. So given a dense
enough object, space-time can become so
million years Light from the Earth. The warped that it twists in on itself, burrowing a
image was released by the National Science hole through the very fabric of reality.
Foundation and Event Horizon Telescope
A massive star that has run out of fuel can
Collaboration. The image shows a bright produce the kind of extreme density needed
ring that is formed as a result of light bent on to create such a mangled bit of world. As it
buckles under its own weight and collapses
gravity so strongly around the black hole. inward, space-time caves in with it. The
This phenomenon is the first time in gravitational field becomes so strong that not
even light can escape, rendering the region
astronomical history. where the star used to be profoundly dark: a
black hole.
As you go deeper into the black hole, space 24,000 light years away, located in the
becomes ever more curvy. direction of the constellation Sagittarius.

Small But Deadly

The outermost boundary of the hole is its
event horizon, the point at which the
gravitational force precisely counteracts the V4641 Sgr is an example of a small black
hole. It's two to three times more massive
light's efforts to escape it. Go closer than
than our sun, and all that mass is confined to
this, and there's no escape.
a space less than 4 miles across. This means
the center of the black hole, called the
The event horizon is ablaze with energy. singularity, is incredibly dense and therefore
Quantum effects at the edge create streams has a colossal gravitational pull, strong
of hot particles that radiate back out into the enough to trap light and everything else that
universe. This is called Hawking radiation, comes too close.
after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who
predicted it. Given enough time, the black This also means that as you approach the
hole will radiate away its mass, and vanish. black hole, you'll see blackness blotting out
Black holes warp space and time to such an light from distant stars. But that's not all
extreme that inside the black hole's horizon, you'll see. Black holes distort the space
space and time actually swap roles. In a around them, which in turn, bends the path
along which passing light travels. As a
sense, it really is time that pulls you in
result, you'll begin to see some very weird
toward the singularity. stuff upon your approach. Something like
this:
The laws of physics require that you be both
outside the black hole in a pile of ashes and
inside the black hole alive and well. Last but
not least, there's a third law of physics that Andrew Hamilton The outer ring is the result
says information can't be cloned. You have of gravitational lensing, when gravity bends
to be in two places, but there can only be one light, distorting and magnifying what we
copy of you. would otherwise see in the absence of a
strong gravitational force. Anything with a
Somehow, the laws of physics point us strong gravitational pull can create
towards a conclusion that seems rather gravitational lensing, including massive
nonsensical. Physicists call this infuriating galaxies and galaxy clusters.
conundrum the black hole information
paradox. Luckily, in the 1990s they found a The edge of a black hole — outlining the
way to resolve it. black circle in the animation above — is
called the event horizon. It is known as the
point of no return, or the exit door of the
HERE'S WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU universe. Whatever passes the event horizon,
ENTER A BLACK HOLE including you, can never return because the
black hole's pull is too strong to escape, even
Let's first look at the closest black hole to if you're traveling at the speed of light.
Earth, called V4641 Sgr for the star that
orbits it. Black holes, by definition, are Small black holes are especially lethal
invisible, so astronomers usually find them because they have very large tidal forces that
by the stars and gas that orbit around them. will stretch you paper-thin before you even
Calculating the distance to a black hole is reach the event horizon.
equally hard as finding one, but as far as we
know, V4641 Sgr is between 1,600 and
Spaghettification event horizon, and even pass it while still
alive and coherent. The view might make
This stretching action is called you feel a little off kilter at first but will be
spaghettification because you look like a totally worth it:
very long piece of unappetizing spaghetti
when the tidal forces are done with you. One
example of these tidal forces that will be
pulling you apart, first explained by Isaac Andrew Hamilton Why can you get closer to
Newton, are tides on Earth. They're caused a large black hole? It's because the event
by the gravitational interaction between the horizon is farther from the center. This
Moon and our planet. means that the tidal forces at the event
horizon are weaker — if the Moon were
Whichever side of Earth faces the Moon is
farther from Earth, we would have smaller
the side that is closest and therefore feels the
strongest gravitational tug compared to the tides for the same reason. Therefore, you
opposite, farther side. The same thing would not start to get spaghettified until after
happens to your body when you're nearing a you entered the black hole.
black hole. Here's what spaghettification
would do to a spacecraft: As you fell closer toward the event horizon,
the gravitational force around you would
Black holes stretch anything that dares to grow. This means it would bend the light
close. stargazer Say you're fearless — after that reached your eyes more strongly, which
all, you're entering a black hole — and you is what you're seeing in the animation above.
go head-first toward the blackness. The top Moreover, time would tick more slowly the
deeper you fell into the black hole.
of your head is going to be closer to the
black hole's center, called the singularity, From your perspective, time would tick on
than your feet. As a result, gravity's as usual, but from an outsider's perspective,
influence on your head will pull you toward like someone on Earth, you would age very
the center of the black hole more than your slowly. This phenomenon is called
feet, stretching you spaghetti-thin in the gravitational time dilation.
process.
As you fall closer to the event horizon, the
blackness will grow, eventually covering
Eventually, you're stretched to the point you your entire field of view. When that happens,
begin to break down into individual atoms. when you see only darkness, then you'll
And it does not take an expert to tell you that know that you're inside of a black hole. The
this would be a most unpleasant way to die! last opportunity to see the universe you're
If you try to enter a black hole, you will get leaving, forever, will be directly behind you
spaghettified no matter what. But a small and will be a tiny point of light. After that,
black hole is going to kill you faster than a gravity will drag you toward the singularity
supermassive black hole, like the one at the at the speed of light and ultimately
center of our home galaxy, the Milky Way. spaghettify you.
Going Supermassive Physicists are working on the problem in the
laboratory by creating acoustic black holes
Approximately 25,000 light years from — singularities that are strong enough to trap
Earth, at the center of our galaxy, there is sound, but not light. The mathematics behind
thought to be a supermassive black hole that acoustic black holes are the same, however,
is 4.3 million times more massive than our which offers a good starting point to better
sun. But, if you travel the distance to this understand what takes place inside these
larger black hole, you'll get close to the bizarre cosmic phenomena.
Quantum Theory (sometimes called
“Quantum Mechanics”) is the mathematics
that is currently believed to underlie all
physical processes in nature. It can’t be used
to predict precisely what will happen, but
only the probability for any particular thing
to happen. But probabilities only make sense
if, when you add up all the probabilities
for all of the different things that can
possibly happen, you find the sum is equal
to one. A quantum theory where this isn’t A horizon is not an object, but a place
true makes no sense. One consequence of beyond which escape is impossible. A
this is that in a quantum theory, information famous analogy is to a boat approaching a
is never truly lost, nor is it truly copied; at waterfall, in an increasingly fast current.
least in principle, you can always determine Once the boat passes a curve of no-return
how a system started (its “initial state”) from (see Figure 3), its engine will be unable to
complete information about how it ends (its
fight the current, and it will inevitably go
“final state”).  See Figure 1, which shows
two particles colliding, and several particles over the waterfall. But the captain of the boat
exiting from the collision, carrying off, in will not notice anything when crossing this
scrambled form, the information about the curve; it is just an ordinary part of the river,
nature and properties of the two initial whose importance will only become clear
particles. when the captain seeks to escape disaster.

General Relativity is the name for Einstein’s

theory of gravity, in which gravity can be
thought of as an effect of the warping of The “Black Hole Information Paradox”
space and time. General relativity is not a The paradox arose after Hawking showed, in
quantum theory; it predicts exactly what 1974-1975, that black holes surrounded by
happens, not probabilities for various things quantum fields actually will radiate particles
to happen. (“Hawking radiation”) and shrink in size
It was gradually understood, over the years (Figure 4), eventually evaporating
from 1915 to 1958, that extremely compact completely. Compare with Figure 2, where
and massive objects form black holes. the information about the two shells gets
Gravity becomes immensely strong in their stuck inside the black hole. In Figure 4, the
vicinity… strong enough to warp space-time black hole is gone. Where did the
dramatically, with the effect that any object information go? If it disappeared along with
that gets too close, and crosses the black the black hole, that violates quantum theory.
hole’s horizon — a surface of no-return —
can never escape. See Figure 2, which shows
a black hole horizon forming when two
shells of matter become sufficiently
compact. The information about these two
shells goes inside the horizon and never can
come out… in general relativity.
 Complementarity: Saving Quantum
Theory
However, others felt that it was general
relativity, not quantum theory, that would
need to be changed. And a proposal was
made in 1992, called “complementarity”,
that suggested that the information was, in a
sense, both inside and outside but without
violating quantum theory. (This proposal
was developed by Susskind and his younger
co-workers.) Specifically, observers who
remain outside the black hole see the
Fig. 4: (1) Shells of matter collapse; (2) A horizon forms, and Hawking radiation (in the
information accumulate at the horizon, and
form of particles of zero or low mass, such as photons or neutrinos or gravitons) emerges
from the horizon; (3) the Hawking radiation carries off energy, causing the black hole’s
then come flying outward in the Hawking
size and mass to shrink; (4) eventually the black hole evaporates completely, leaving only
the Hawking radiation behind. Naively at least, it seems that the information about what
radiation. Observers who fall into the black
went into the black hole is gone, violating the principles of quantum theory. Must
quantum theory be changed?
hole see the information located inside. (See
Figure 6.) Since the two classes of observers
Maybe the information came back out with cannot communicate, there is no paradox.
the Hawking radiation? The problem is that
the information in the black hole can’t get
out. So the only way it can be in the
Hawking radiation (naively) is if what is
inside is copied. Having two copies of the
information, one inside, one outside, also
violates quantum theory.

Fig. 6: Complementarity suggests it depends on one’s perspective.

Observers outside see the information (2a) being stored just
outside, where it can later be (3a) transferred to the Hawking
radiation. Only observers falling in (2b) see the information is
being inside.

Still, this suggestion is potentially self-

contradictory, and requires a number of
strange things be true. Among them is
something called “holography”, an idea
Fig. 5: Maybe the information is stored in the Hawking radiation? developed by ‘t Hooft and further by
But since the information can’t get out of the black hole, it must
somehow be copied if it is to be put in the Hawking radiation. And Susskind. The idea is that the physics of the
that violates quantum theory also! three-dimensional interior of the black hole,
where gravity obviously plays a role, can
Of course, it may simply be that quantum
instead be viewed, via a rather mysterious
theory is incomplete, and that the physics of
transformation, as physics just above the
black holes forces us to extend that theory,
two-dimensional horizon, where it is
much as Einstein extended Newton’s laws of
described by two-dimensional equations that
motion in his theory of relativity. And this is
do not include gravity at all! See Figure 7.
what Hawking believed for three decades.
 evaporation process. While trying to find
such equations, Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinksi
and Sully discovered that in fact (at least
under reasonable assumptions)
complementarity contains a self-
contradiction, which shows up when a black
hole has evaporated about halfway. The
argument is extremely subtle, involving the
kind of “quantum entanglement” that
Einstein called “spooky” and that gets used
Fig. 7: Complementarity requires that everything happening in the in quantum computers. But crudely
interior of a black hole can be equally-well described as though it speaking, by the halfway point, so much
were all just outside the black hole. Remarkably this is not
impossible, as was demonstrated in the late 1990s and early 2000s; information has departed the black hole in
string theory, which contains a quantum version of general the Hawking radiation that there’s not
relativity, exhibits this property in at least some circumstances.
enough left at the horizon for holography to
In 1997, Maldacena conjectured (and represent the black hole’s interior.
hundreds of people checked, in various Consequently, instead of an in-falling
ways) that under the right observer smoothly entering the black hole
circumstances, string theory (a theory that is through the harmless horizon, as in Figure 6,
a quantum generalization of general the observer finds there’s no interior at all,
relativity, and is a candidate for a theory of and does so the hard way, by being fried to a
the laws of nature in our universe) is actually crisp by a so-called “firewall” that hovers
equivalent to a quantum theory (specifically, just outside the horizon (Figure 8).
a “quantum field theory”) without gravity
and with fewer dimensions. This
relationship, known variously as “AdS/CFT”
or the “field/string” correspondence,
deserves an article all its own (stay tuned for
that.)
The success of holography gave additional
credence to the complementarity idea.
Furthermore, the field/string correspondence
allowed for a very strong argument (perhaps
a proof?) that small black holes can form and
evaporate in the string theory via a process
that can be described by the corresponding
quantum field theory (though not explicitly) Fig. 8: But as a black hole evaporates, complementarity itself runs
into a serious paradox. If the outside observer sees evaporation
— and which therefore, as in all processes in occur without loss (or copying) of information, than an in-falling
any quantum theory, does preserve observer crashes into something at the horizon — whimsically
called a “firewall” — where there wasn’t supposed to be anything!
information! By 2005, even Hawking had This violates expectations from general relativity in a very big way!
come around to this point of view — that in
fact, as the complementarity proposal had The possibility of a firewall would involve a
suggested, black holes do not cause very drastic modification of general
information to be lost, and that general relativity. It it were right, it would say that
relativity, but not quantum theory, must be the picture provided of black holes by
modified. general relativity, that a black hole has a
The Firewall and the Current Turmoil substantial interior, and that a horizon is
Still, there were loose ends in the nothing but a point of no-return (as in Figure
complementarity proposal. Black hole 3) and not a place where special things
evaporation is so subtle that there were still happen as you pass it, is 100% wrong, once a
no quantum theory equations for black hole has done some significant amount
complementarity that could describe the of evaporating.
 Our universe is unique. The uniqueness If we are able to learn how heat and the
we can observe it around us. Like how living structure of atoms work when paper turns to ash,
things on earth consist of millions of species, not then by using information, we can turn the ashes
yet the diversity of their bodies. If we look back into paper. The problem is, we have not
above, there will be many celestial objects that been able to read the information. The
shine with an almost infinite amount. Have you information is there, but it cannot be read. Then
ever wondered why the existence of everything the assumption. If all the existence of objects in
around us can be diverse. All of because the the universe has an information code. So by
“Elementary Particle”. Elementary Particle is finding a way to read the code, then we will be
the smallest particle that is no longer able to able to get an overall picture of “The Nature Of
divided, even smaller than in atom. A basic Everything”. But here, blackhole came to give a
particle that forms everything. very serious problem. If Information makes
everything in the Universe different from each
But if there is only one material, why other even though they come from the same raw
does the output produce different forms and material
functions? this is what we refer to as
"Information". From the word information, we Black hole does the opposite. We have
can arrange it to form other words that have the learned about how Black holes are formed and
same arrangement of letters as "Fronitmanon", what causes them. With this knowledge capital,
"Nominatorfi", "Miniant Roof", "Imfornation". then it will not be difficult to capture how
Even though the five phrases are from the same information has fallen into it. There is not a
letter. Of course the information here is different single one, be it light, celestial bodies and even
in context from the information we are used to information that escapes the super-terrible
understanding. The random analogy of the letters gravity of the Black hole. If, if something is
above can be applied to the scope of the atom. attracted into the Black hole, then that something
Elementary particles form protons, electrons and will be torn apart, decays into the basic particles.
neutrons. All three form atoms. If everything is destroyed and then transformed
into elementary particles, then the information
Each chemical element is composed of that is the unique code forming 'something' will
the same atom. One nucleus with one electron also disappear. Black hole is like blending
will form hydrogen. Add more electrons, then it everything into one form, The elementary
will form Helium. Add some more and it will particle and if every object is swallowed and
form oxygen Etc. which produces the diversity loses its information. Then at some time in the
of chemical elements in the periodic table. From future. The universe will lose its uniqueness.
that alone we already know, that from the Which means, game over. That based on
nucleus and electrons can produce various types quantum mechanics, information will not be
of elements just by adding electrons to the destroyed even though the prototype material
configuration. This is how information works. and its formulations have become dust formless
Information is responsible for maintaining the again.
shape and function of atomic structures so as to
produce different objects. According to Hawking, based on
Einstein's General Relativity, nothing escapes the
The compiler is the same, but the gravitational pull of Black hole including light.
information code is different. Then it will Moreover information, then information can not
produce a different form. The constituent atoms be obtained anymore because he was forever
do not care whether they are part of rock, trapped there. Isn't information indestructible
animals, earth, black hole, or even you, if according to quantum mechanics? But why was
without information, then everything in the Information destroyed when it fell to Black hole?
universe. Will be the same. Uniquely, based on This is what is referred to as, "The Information
Quantum Mechanics, information is not Paradox" a paradox that puzzled all physicists
indestructible. Forever, the information in the even after Hawking died. When something falls
universe will always be there. As an example. into a black hole, we are sure it will not escape
Burn the paper, then you will get ash. Will the back out. Information encoded on the attributes
information that forms the paper disappear when of the constituent atoms, according to Hawking,
the paper turns ash? The heat will disturb the is impossible to retrieve.
stability of the paper atoms so that it does not
allow you to form more paper from ash. But So the point is that when matter is
based on theory, you can. destroyed into elementary particles, the
information is also destroyed. The problem is, a Both are true! This is what is called
scientist named ‘t Hooft, conveys, if information "Blackhole Complementation" So if this is true,
really disappears when it is attracted to a Black then Black hole is not really black! Because it
hole, Quantum Mechanics will collapse! Even contains the wreckage of information that comes
worse, if this rule is violated by a black hole, it from the objects it absorbs. If two pairs of virtual
means that energy can be created or destroyed. particles must be separated by Black hole
Well, in the Law of Conservation of Energy, loss Gravity, one is attracted to the Black hole, while
of information in the form of material must be the other emanates real particles through
accompanied by the creation of enormous Hawking Radiation and the real particle scans
energy. So because of the large amount of matter the material information stored in the Event
that is destroyed, then our universe should be, it Horizon before releasing out simultaneously dg
will have a temperature of about 1,031 (more Hawking Radiation
dust) degrees in just a few seconds. The universe
should be a hot giant oven. Then the particles containing the
information can form new particles according to
But in reality nothing like that happened. the information stored like the copy-paste
This strange paradox, one of the most important function. Virtual particles scan car information
foundation pillars in physics. If the foundation before releasing it out to form real particles.
pillar of the laws of physics collapses, then the Then the real particles will form a car that is
other laws above will also collapse. The whole exactly the same as the car that was destroyed
theory will collapse. And that can't be earlier This is the "Holographic Principle"
happening. General Relativity starts, is Einstein's holographic principle, in which 2-dimensional
concept of gravity wrong? Does physics have to images are scanned to form 3-dimensional
be dissected because it's only the work of one images. Let's say all the material in the Universe
universe culprit (Black hole). What physical has entered completely in the Blackhole in the
foundation must be reformulated just because past, so it could be that our Universe today, is
Black hole only? Some physicists feel the just a Hologram of 2D information that has been
question of what happens in a black hole is scanned. Our universe, is only Hologram. This is
academic or even theological. But the future of the birth of a new perspective on the universe is
physics rules is at stake. This idea briefly offers a Hologram. As an unreal Hologram. Then we too
solution for the Information Paradox. are not real. So what is reality ?

The possibility of information falling, The information attached to Horizon is

"not really true" fell into the singularity. Well in in the form of codes of information in unusually
2018, the phenomenon of Red Shifting was small sizes. Based on Hawking Radiation, in
captured and observed by researchers when which one pair of separate virtual particles
observing the behavior of stars orbiting leaves the Black hole carrying a certain amount
Sagittarius A * (Super massive Black hole in the of radiation, it is allegedly able to scan the
center of the Milky Way). As soon as the star information contained in the Black hole, before
approaches Sagittarius A at its closest orbital taking it out! Thus, the particles that come out
point, the star instead emits a long due to Hawking Radiation, contain information
electromagnetic wave, which if observed, turns on other material objects that have been scanned.
to red. And when the star gets away from So when it joins with other particles, it is thought
Sagittarius A *, the waves emit normally again. to form material according to the information it
This discovery indicates that if the light emitted carries. Can be collected to be returned back to
by an orbiting star, a part of it is attracted to form the prototype as before falling in the Black
Sagittarius A * and becomes red. This confirms hole. Then the information does not disappear. If
the truth of General Relativity and the Red information does not disappear, then quantum
Shifting phenomenon of the Black hole. mechanics does not need to collapse. General
relativity is not disabled. Energy conservation is
If so, then the whole theory of matter no longer violated. This solution is like giving us
and your terrible fate once you fall into Event fresh air. But not for long. We need to realize
Horizon has a good chance. The horrors of Black that this solution has big consequences. That the
hole apparently did not stop there. Its great Universe really isn't real. The reality that we
power doesn't just trap anything into the have known and felt, is not really real.
singularity and destroy it . But it also has an
opportunity in the entropy of the universe. In
other world, deleting the universe itself.
 CLOSING
Conclusion
Based on several theories and recent
discoveries, black holes are true but they are
very far from Earth. a black hole is considered
scary for many people because it is able to suck
up everything that is nearby because it has a
very strong gravitational field.

REFERENCE
Emanuel, Sunggin, Peneliti Bidang Matahari
dan Antariksa, LAPAN

Firdaus, Yunus, Lubang Hitam Akhir dari

Ornamen Jagad Raya

Hawking, Stephen. 1995. Lubang Hitam dan

Jagad Raya dan Essai-Essai Lain, Alih
Bahasa, Alex Tri Widodo. Gramedia :
Jakarta

Viva. 2019. Wujud Asli Lubang Hitam 10

April 2019.

http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150525-
a-black-hole-would-clone-you

https://www.businessinsider.com/what-
happens-when-you-enter-a-black-hole-2014-
12/?IR=T

http://aliendaribumi.blogspot.com/