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Cambridge - English - For - Engineering - SB - Cutted

The document discusses factors that influence electricity consumption and how demand fluctuates. Key factors mentioned are weather, daylight hours, day of the week. Demand is highest in very cold or hot weather and on winter evenings. It also increases during the week and decreases on weekends. There can be sudden increases and decreases in demand when people use appliances.

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Era B. Largis
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150 views4 pages

Cambridge - English - For - Engineering - SB - Cutted

The document discusses factors that influence electricity consumption and how demand fluctuates. Key factors mentioned are weather, daylight hours, day of the week. Demand is highest in very cold or hot weather and on winter evenings. It also increases during the week and decreases on weekends. There can be sudden increases and decreases in demand when people use appliances.

Uploaded by

Era B. Largis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discussingreadingsand trends

o lÍ|pairs,
tl ln IJd|Ís'ulscuss
discuss the
fne factors
tacf,orsthat
tnat cause ma|ns
mains elecfr|c|ty
electricity consumpr|on
consumption to vary.

b )g.S Helen, an electrical engineer at a power station, is giving a talk to a


group of visiting investors. Listen to the talk and note the five factors that
influence electricity consumption.
I 3_ 5
z 4

C Complete the following extracts from the talk using the correct form of the
words in the box.

decreasefatl increase rise

1 During periods of verg cold or verg hot weother,demand irtcvearses


The-indemandisobviousluduetomilIionsofelectricradiators
coming on ...
2 ... a keg factor which - or - demand, is whether or
not it's light or dark ...
3 ... on cold, dark, winter evenings,the in demand is significant ...
ll 4 Cenerollg, demand during the week, when factories and offices
are operational ...
5 So demand -at the weekend.
6 There can be a sudden when people rush to switch kettles on,
or heat up snocks in microwaves, and then a sudden shortlg
afterwards.

)S.O Listen to the next part of Helen's talk and answer the following
questions.
1 Why does the company often have significantspare generatingcapacity?
2 What ideal situationdoes Helen describe?
3 Why is this ideal situationdifficultto achieve?

Match the words ( | -8) from the talk to the definitions (a-h).

lt 1 continuous
-
a maximumpowerrequirementat a given time
ll 2 fl.uctuations \ b amountbetweenan upperand lowerlimit
3 peaksand troughs \ . withoutinterruption
4 peak demand d high points and low points on a graphcurve
5 range e regular and repetitive
6 band of fl.uctuation f momentaryrises fottowedby a futt
7 bLips g changes,movementsin general
8 continual h zone of up-and-downmovement

Look at the graph showing electricity demand


fluctuations over a week in the UK. Find parts or
patterns on the graph described by the words in :
Exercise 8e and analyse the fluctuations. How do =
they compare with Helen's explanation?
o

Day ofthe week {November)


Daily peak demand 8pm

66 Unit 8 Monitoringand control


9 it Read the document on energy saving aimed at industrial plant and facility
managers. Complete the text using the words in Exercise 8e.

Dynomicdemondcontrolsystems con be fittedto electricol opplioncesthotoperote


o n d u l yc y c l e s i, e . o p p l i o n c etsh o ts t o r tu p , r u nf o r o t i m e ,s h u td o w no g o i n ,o n d t h e n
remoinon stondbyfor o whilebeforerepeotingthe somecycle.Heotingond refrigerotion
unttsore commonexomplesof power-hungry equipment ihqtoperoteon thisstort-run-stop-
w o i tb o s i s .
Dynomicsystems exploitthefoctthotdutycycleopplioncesdo notrequire
(l ) cotifihqohspower.Thepurposeof the systems is to help smoothpowerdemondfor
the benefitof electricutilities. To ochievethis,theydeloythe stort-up of theopplionces
theycontrolduringperiodsof(2)-'However,on|yminorodiustmentsore
modeto timingos, generolly, theopplioncesconcernedcon only be heldon siondbyfor
shortperiodsos ihey needto runon o (3)- bosis.Butthisstillbenefits electric
uti|itiesosithe|pstoovoidproblemotic,momentory(4)-onthedemond
curve.
Dynomiccontrolswork by detecting slight(5) in thefrequencyof ihe moins
ACsupp|y.A|thoughthisvorieson|ywithinoVerynorrow(ó)-,smo||drops
in frequencyindícote thotpowerstotionturbinesore workingcIoseto fu||copocity.The
dynomiccontrolsysiemcon therefore holdtheopplionceon stondbyfor o shorttimeuntir
m o i n sf r e q u e n ciyn c r e o s eosg o i n .

b Read the text again and answer the following questions.


I What is meant by dutg cgcle?
2 What problem is dynamiccontroldesignedto avoid?
3 What sensor input do dynamiccontrolsrely on to allow them to function?
4 What does the sensor input in (3) indicatewith regard to power stations?
5 To what extent do dynamicsystemsmodifyduty cycles?

10a Read the extract from the talk and, in pairs, discuss the foilowing
questions.
... electrical charge is extremelg difficult to store in large amounts, Aou con't
just charge up huge batteries. So we use an innovative technique to store up
power potential during off-peak periods.
I Why do you think this is such a major issue for power stations?
2 Can you suggestwhat innovativetechniqueis used to solve the problem?

)g,l Helen goes on to describe the solution to the problem. Listen to the
talk and make notes on pumped storage.

Prepare a short talk on the operation of a pumped storage hydroelectric


power station for visitors to the power generation company. Use your
notes from Exercise lOb and the words in the box. Student A, you are an
electrical engineer; Student B, you are a visitor on a tour of the plant. ln
pairs, give your talk and ask and answer questions. Swap roles and practise
again.
graüty high level. low [eve[ mountain pumps reservoir turbines

Unit 8 Monitoringand control 67


tI
- Giving approximatefigures
I
17 a Read the email extract and answer the following questions.
I W h o d o y o u t h i n k s e n t t h e e m a i l ?W h a t i s t h e i r r o l e w i t h i nt h e c o m p a n y ?
2 What type of reviewis the companygoing to undertake?
3 What is the obiectiveof the review?

To: GerryKlein
Subject:Internalreview

Dear colleagues,
As you know,we are preparingto undertakea comprehensiveinterna|reviewoÍthe company'S
your engineering
organisatlonand facilities.A key area of this reviewwill be to assess how efficiently
expertiseis being uti|ised.I wou|demphasisethat the aim oÍthis assessmentis not to questionyour
professionalcompetence.On the contrary,I and the company'snew shareholdersrecognisethe high
degreeoÍtechnica|expertisewithinthe organisation.our intentionis to work towardsoptimisingthis
valuableresourceby identifyingthe demands on your time that are largelyunproductive(suchas
administrativetasks)in orderto allowyour skillsto be used more productively.

b The following extract is from a questionnaire used in the review which was
I
I sent to staff in the company's design department. Read the questionnaire
and match each question (l-3) to points (a-c).

Approximately what percentage oÍ your time do you spend on the types of task
be|ow? For each question, the sum of va|ues given for A + B should equal íoo%.
1 A D o i n g t e c h n i c a l t a s k s t h a t u s e m y e n g i n e e r i n gs k i l l s e x t e n s i v e l y 'y"
B D o i n g m o d e r a t e l y t e c h n i c a l t a s k s t h a t a l e s s q u a l i f i e dc o l l e a g u e c o u l d d o - %
2 A D o i n g [ e c h n i c a l t a s k s t h a t a d d v a l u e [ e . 9 . d e s i g n r n g ,p r o b l e m - s o l v i n g-] %
B D o i n g t a s k s t h a t d o n o t a d d v a l u e [ e . 9 . a d m i n i s t r a t i o n )- " / "
3 A D o i n g t a s k s t h a t a r e p u r e l yt e c h n i c a l - %
B D o i n q t a s k s t h a t r e l a t e t o t e c h n i c a l o r q a n i z a t i o na n d d e c i s i o n - m a k i n q- %

a The extent of technicalrole versus managementrole


b The degree of commercialexploitationof technicalskills
c The degree of applicationof expertiseand experience

C )g,S Eleanor and Gerry two design engineers, are talking about the
questionnaire. Listen and write approximate values, to the nearest l0o/o,for
Gerry's answers to the questions.

d Complete the following sentences using the words or phrases in the box.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

tattparFq$í€ offthe top of myhead nowherenear prettymuch


roughty somewherein the regionof

I They asked for a baillparvk'qrt^"' for setting up the new system'


2 I'vegot the figures in my computer,but I couldn'ttell you
3 The work is finished,there'sjust the tidying up to do.
4 The actual cost of the stadiumwas - the estimateat E2m over budget.
5 | think it'll take two weeks to completethe report.
6 T h e d e v e l o p m e nw
t illcost $ 10m.

68 Unit 8 Monitoringand control

I
I

In pairs, ask and answerthe questionsfrom the questionnairein Exercise I I b


usingthe phrases in Exercise I I d. Note down your partner's answers.
I A-o/o B-o/o
2 A-o/o B-o/o
3 A-o/o B-o/o

1,2 a )a.g Rs part of the company'sinternatreview,an assessmentis being made


of the hardwareand softwarethat make up the firm's ComputerAided Design
(CAD)system.Dan, a design engineer,is talking to Beatrice,his manager,
about the state of the system.Listen and mark the followingstatementsTiue
CI)or False (F).
I Most of the screensare too small.
2 Engineers spenda lot of timeworkingon screen.
3 Largenumbersof drawingsare printedat theiroffice.

Find words and phrases in audioscript8.9 on page 93 to match the following


definitions(l -5).
I approximately /
2 muchmorethan/
3 at least/ (two thirds)
4 most/
5 almost zero /

Complete the following replies to express the figures in approximate terms


using the words in Exercises | 1d and l2b. Sometimes more than one answer
is possible.
l How o|d is this equipment? A goü, five years o|d. (at |east 5 years)
2 What percentage of the PCs need changing?- all of them. (95o/o)
3 How many of the computersare up to spec? all of them. (1Oo/o)
4 How many of the staff use the CAD system? half of them. (55o/o)
5Howmuchwou|dthenewprinterscost?-$2'000.($3'l20)
6Howmuchdoesanadapter|ikethiscost?-($z;
7 How long would a full system take to install? 5 days. (4-6 days)
8 Can most of our clients read these files? Yes, of them. (95o/o)

13 You are setting up a small company of consulting engineers employing seven


members of staff - five engineers and two assistants. You need to rent
an office, equip it with a computer network with CAD system and admin
software, and buy other basic office equipment. !n pairs, discuss some
ballpark figures relating to the following questions.
o What computerequipmentwill be requiredand how much will it cost to buy?
o What other items of furniture/equipment will be needed,and how much will
this cost?
. How much floor space will be requiredin the open-planoffice?
. How long will it take to set up the office- installthe furnitureand equipment?

Unit 8 Monitoringand control 69

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