0% found this document useful (0 votes)
118 views20 pages

Using "Can" in Present, Past, and Future: The Verb of Ability (Can)

The document discusses the modal verb "can" in English. It describes how can is used to express ability, opportunity, permission, possibility, and impossibility. It provides examples of can used in the present, past, and future tenses. It also discusses the similar modal verb "could" and how it is used to talk about past ability, make polite requests, and indicate possibility. The document contains charts comparing the forms and uses of can, could, and other modal verbs.

Uploaded by

Shally Pramitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
118 views20 pages

Using "Can" in Present, Past, and Future: The Verb of Ability (Can)

The document discusses the modal verb "can" in English. It describes how can is used to express ability, opportunity, permission, possibility, and impossibility. It provides examples of can used in the present, past, and future tenses. It also discusses the similar modal verb "could" and how it is used to talk about past ability, make polite requests, and indicate possibility. The document contains charts comparing the forms and uses of can, could, and other modal verbs.

Uploaded by

Shally Pramitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

The verb of ability (Can)

"Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or
opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.

Can and could merupakan salah satu bentuk dari modal verbs. Modal verbs sendiri adalah salah satu
jenis dari auxiliary verb atau kata kerja bantu yang digunakan untuk menunjukan ability
(kemampuan), possibility (kemungkinan) dan permission atau obligation (izin atau kewajiban), dan
lain sebagainya. Modal verb hanya memiliki satu bentuk dimana modal verb tidak memiliki bentuk to
infinitive, bentuk -ing, atau bentuk lampau atau bentuk -ed. Untuk mengetahui pengertian dari can dan
could kita harus memahami penggunaannya.

Terdapat beberapa penggunaan modal verb ‘can’ dan ‘could’, diantaranya yaitu untuk menunjukan
possibility (kemungkinan), request (permintaan), offering (penawaran), ability (kemampuan), dan lain
sebagainya.

Examples:

 I can ride a horse. ability


 We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity
 She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission
 Can you hand me the stapler? request
 Any child can grow up to be president. possibility

Using "Can" in Present, Past, and Future


Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to
learn how "can" behaves in different contexts.

Positive Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Negative Forms
Also
Modal Use Future 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. =
use:
Future

1. I can speak Chinese.

2. SHIFT TO "COULD" 1. I can't speak Swahili.


I could speak Chinese when I
was a kid. 2. SHIFT TO "COULD"
can be able
I couldn't speak Swahili.
general ability to
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
I will be able to speak Chinese 3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
by the time I finish my course. I won't be able to speak Swahili.
1. With a burst of adrenaline,
1. Even with a burst of
people can pick up cars.
adrenaline, people can't pick up
something that heavy.
2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
With a sudden burst of
2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
adrenaline, he was able to lift the
can Even the weight lifter, wasn't
car off the child's leg. be able
ability during a able to lift the car off the child's
to
specific event leg.
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
With a sudden burst of
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
adrenaline, he will be able to lift
Even three men working
the car.
together won't be able to lift the
car.
1. I have some free time. I can
1. I don't have any time. I can't
help her now.
help her  now.
2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
I had some free time yesterday. I
can I didn't have time yesterday. I be able
was able to help her at that time.
opportunity wasn't able to help her at that to
time.
3. I'll have some free time
tomorrow. I can help her then.
3. I won't have any time later. I
can't help her then.
1. I can drive Susan's car when
she is out of town. 1. I can't drive Susan's car when
she is out of town.
2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED
TO " 2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED
I was allowed to drive Susan's TO "
can
car while she was out of town I wasn't allowed to drive Susan's may
permission
last week. car while she was out of town
last week.
3. I can drive Susan's car while
she is out of town next week. 3. I can't drive Susan's car while
she is out of town next week.

can Can I have a glass of water? Can't I have a glass of water? could,
request may
Can you give me a lift to school? Can't you give me a lift to
school?
Requests usually refer to the
near future. Requests usually refer to the
near future.
Anyone can become rich and
It can't cost more than a dollar or
famous if they know the right
two.
people.
can
You can't be 45! I thought you
possibility, Learning a language can be a real could
were about 18 years old.
impossibility challenge.
This use is usually a
This use is usually a
generalization or a supposition.
generalization or a supposition.

Could merupakan bentuk lampau dari can. Berikut fungsi dari could:

Kita menggunakan ‘could’ untuk membuat pernyataan umum tentang apa yang
mungkin terjadi dalam bentuk past tense (lampau) dari ‘can’.
Contoh:
a. It could be very cold in the mountain.

Kita menggunakan could untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi di masa
yang akan datang, tetapi tidak yakin hal tersebut akan terjadi.
Contoh:
a. If you don’t hurry you could be late.

Requests and Refusals of Requests (Permintaan dan Penolakan Permintaan)

a. Can I go home now? [Bolehkah saya pulang sekarang?]

b. You can borrow my pen, but you can’t take my pencil.

[Kamu boleh meminjam pulpen saya tapi kamu tidak boleh mengambil pensil saya]

Pada kedua contoh ini, menunjukkan bahwa kita dapat menggunakan modal ‘can’ ketika
meminta sesuatu pada orang lain. Pada bahasa Inggris, perbedaan penggunaan ‘can’ dan
‘could’ pada saat meminta sesuatu atau menolak sesuatu terdapat pada degree of politeness
(derajat kesopanan). Ketika kita meminta menggunakan ‘could’ maka kalimat yang kita buat
jauh lebih sopan daripada kita menggunakan ‘can’.

To make a polite request (untuk membuat permintaan yang sopan)


a. Could I go now please?

b. Could you lend me your book please?

To offer to help someone (menawarkan bantuan)


a. Can I help you?
b. Can I drive for you?

To make a polite offer (menawarkan bantuan dengan lebih sopan)

a. Could I give you a lift?

b. I could drive for you.

To Talk about Ability dalam Bentuk Past (Kemampuan Pada Masa Lampau)

a. I could run very fast when I was younger.

Permission (Izin)

Kita dapat menggunakan could untuk meminta izin, selain itu could juga lebih formal dan
sopan dari pada can ketika kita meminta izin.

a. Could I ask you a question?

Soal

Use two words – 'can'/'can't'/'could'/'couldn't' and an infinitive – to complete each sentence.

Read-can-can-can’t-could-could-find-speak-can-couldn’t-taste-couldn’t-smell-see-swim-
can’t-play-could-speak-can’t-dance

1. Rob __ __Polish really well. He sounds like a native speaker.


2. When I was a girl, I __ __ 10 kilometres.
3. The police searched the whole village for the criminal, but they __ __ him.
4. Are you sure you put sugar in my tea? I honestly __ __ it!
5. My great-grandfather was a very clever man but he __ __or write.
6. Did you remember to turn off the cooker? I __ __ something burning.
7. Tim's a big rugby fan but he __ __ any more. He's too old.
8. The children __ __ that the teacher was very angry.
9. She __ __ several languages.
10. They __ __ very well.
There is/There are

Dilihat dalam kamus arti dari there is dan there are adalah ada. Perbedaan antara there is dan there
are adalah there is selalu diikuti dengan benda tunggal (single) atau jumlah nya hanya satu.
Kata benda tunggal umumnya diikuti artikel a atau an diawal kata.
Contoh: a book, a car, a student, a pencil, a bag, a lamp, an umbrella, an apple, an eye, an
hour dan lain sebagainya.
Contoh kalimat:

1. There is a glass on table


2. There is 1 set of kitchen tool in the kitchen
3. There is a dress for your party on the bed!
4. There is an apple in refrigerator
5. There is an owl on the tree

Contoh kalimat lengkap:

1. ( + ) There is a beautiful girl there


(  – ) There is not a beautiful girl there
( ? ) Is there a beautiful girl there?
2. ( + ) There is a smart teacher in Dinda’s school
(  – ) There is not a smart teacher in Dinda’s school
( ? ) Is there a smart teacher in Dinda’s school?
3. ( + ) There is an umbrella in my room
(  – ) There is not an umbrella in my room
( ? ) Is there an umbrella in your room?

There are pasti selalu diikuti dengan benda yang jumlahnya jamak atau lebih dari satu. Kata
benda berjumlah jamak umumnya ditandai dengan akhiran s atau es di akhir kata.

Contoh: books, students, pencils, cars, boxes, watches dan masih banyak lagi contoh lainnya.

Tapi ada juga kata benda yang tidak beraturan. Maksudnya adalah tidak semua benda
berjumlah jamak atau lebih dari satu ditandai dengan s atau es di akhir kata.

Contoh: children, mice, deer, geese dan lainnya.

Contoh kalimat:

1. There are some children in our classroom


2. There are three pictures on the wall
3. I think there are six cars outside
4. There are some boxes in the shop
5. There are five kinds of flowers in the garden

Contoh kalimat lengkap:

1. ( + ) There are some books on the bookshelf


(  – ) There are not some books on the bookshelf
( ? ) Are there some books on the bookshelf?
2. ( + ) Tomorrow will be the happy day at dancer club. There are will be ten new
members
(  – ) Tomorrow will not be the happy day at dancer club. There are not will be ten
new members
( ? ) Are there will be the happy day and ten new members at dancer club tomorrow?
3. ( + ) There are some students in the school
(  – ) There are not some students in the school
( ? ) Are there some students in the school?

Soal
Buatlah menjadi jamak/plural.

Contoh:
There is a banana in the fridge.
There are some/two/three bananas in the fridge.

1. There is a mouse in the kitchen.


2. There is a mosquito in my bedroom.
3. There is a criterion that you need to know.
4. There is a chili on the plate.
5. There is a bicycle in the garage.
6. There is a towel in the bathroom.
7. There is a cactus in my garden.
8. There is a knife next to the spoon.
9. There is a tomato in my bowl.
10. There is an ox in the farm.

Prepositions of Place
Preposition of place adalah preposition (kata depan Bahasa Inggris) yang digunakan untuk
menunjukkan tempat atau posisi. Tempat atau posisi itu ditampilkan dalam gabungan
preposition dengan objeknya (object of preposition). Gabungan antara preposition dan
objeknya disebut prepositional phrase.

prepositional phrase = preposition + object of preposition

Preposition ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan posisi object of preposition terhadap subject
atau object kalimat. Adapun object of preposition dapat berupa noun (kata benda), noun
phrase (frasa kata benda), atau pronoun (kata ganti).
Contoh Preposition of Place
Indeks Makna dan Contoh Prepositional Phrase

aboard di atas (pesawat/kapal): on board a ship

above/over (benda) di atas benda lain atau lebih tinggi darinya: above my head

against menempel pada: against the wall

along di sepanjang sesuatu yang panjang dan tipis: along the river

alongside di samping: alongside the fence

amid(st) di tengah-tengah atau dikelilingi oleh: amid olive groves

among di tengah-tengah atau dikelilingi oleh: among the crowd

around pada semua sisi sesuatu/seseorang: around the table, around his neck

untuk menyatakan tempat atau posisi seseorang/sesuatu: at the crossroads, at the


at
station, at the hotel, at home

away from jauh dari: away from home

behind di belakang: behind the bookstore

beside di samping: beside Andy

below pada tingkat/posisi yang lebih rendah: below paragraphs

beneath di bawah, lebih rendah daripada: beneath the ground

between di antara dua atau lebih tempat, objek, atau orang: between Rian and Bobby

by di dekat; di samping: by the front door

in di dalam kontainer, tempat, atau area: in the fridge, in my pocket, in Indonesia

inside di dalam: inside the box

in front of [tempat] di depan: in front of me

in the middle
[tempat] di tengah: in the middle of the street
of

near dekat dengan (seseorang/sesuatu): near the office

next to di sebelah: next to me

on menyentuh permukaan sesuatu: on the floor, on the table, on his arm

 dekat dengan bangunan atau ruangan tapi tidak di dalamnya: outside my


outside house

 jauh dari area, kota, negara tertentu: outside Indonesia


over menutupi benda lain: over cakes

round mengelilingi: round the house

 di bawah sesuatu: under the table


under
 ditutupi oleh sesuatu: under the sea
letak benda yang berada pada posisi di bawah benda lain, khususnya menjadi
underneath tersembunyi atau tertutupi: underneath the car

Contoh Kalimat Preposition of Place


No Contoh Kalimat Preposition of Place
1 The clouds are far above us.
(Awan-awan itu jauh di atas kita.) preposition + pronoun
2 Pour chocolate ganache over cakes or let it cool.
(Tuang coklat ganache menutupi kue dan biarkan dingin.) preposition + noun
3 I didn’t see anything against the wall.
(Saya tidak melihat apa pun menempel di dinding.) preposition + noun phrase
4 A car has been parked outside my house for two weeks.
(Sebuah mobil telah diparkir di luar rumah saya selama dua minggu.) preposition +
noun phrase
5 There’s hedgerows round the little house.
(Ada pagar tanaman mengelilingi rumah kecil tersebut.) preposition + noun phrase
6 The restaurant is near the office.
(Restoran tersebut dekat kantor.) preposition + noun phrase
7 He sat next to me.
(Dia duduk di sebelah saya.) preposition + pronoun
8 Our house is in the middle of the street.
(Rumah kami di tengah-tengah jalan itu.) preposition + noun phrase
9 What’s inside the box?
(Apa yang ada di dalam kotak itu?) preposition + noun phrase
10 He’s standing behind Inka.
(Dia sedang berdiri di belakang Inka.) preposition + noun
11 The light switch is by the front door.
(Saklar lampu di dekat pintu depan.) preposition + noun phrase
12 Do you know how to add lines below paragraphs?
(Apakah kamu tahu bagaimana menambahkan garis di bawah paragraph?) preposition
+ noun
13 They built a row of tiny houses along the river.
(Mereka membangun sebaris rumah-rumah kecil di sepanjang sungai tersebut.)
preposition + noun phrase

Soal
1. Sign your name _______ the dotted line.

2. When we flew _______ the clouds, we could see the earth's surface.

3. Can I sit _______ you at the movie theatre?

4. The kids are playing _______ the backyard.

5. Your glasses are right _______ you.

6. You can pick up your keys _______ the front desk.

7. Let's meet _______ the front door.

8. There's a helicopter hovering _______ our house.

9. Didn't you park your car _______ mine?

10. Please stay _______ the police caution tape.

Jawaban

1. on
2. below
3. beside
4. in
5. in front of
6. at
7. at
8. above
9. behind
10. behind

Imperative (Command, Advice, Instruction, Request, Warning)


Imperative adalah verb (kata kerja) yang digunakan untuk memberikan command (perintah),
warning (peringatan), advice (nasehat), instruction (instruksi/petunjuk), maupun request
(permintaan). Verb ini merupakan satu dari tiga verb mood bahasa Inggris. Verb mood yang
lain yaitu: subjunctive dan indicative. Verb mod adalah kata kerja yang di gunakan
menunjukkan sikap penulis atau pembicara terhadap apa yang di tulis dan di bicarakan.
Aturan Penggunaan Imperative
Berikut beberapa aturan penggunaan kata kerja, subjek kalimat, dan kata kerja bantu (do)
pada kalimat dengan imperative mood.

Aturan Penggunaan Imperative Contoh Imperative


Kata kerja yang digunakan merupakan bare infinitive
Go!, Be Careful!, Sit down!
(tanpa “to”).
Verb ini tidak membutuhkan penambahan subject karena Shut the window!
subject “you” telah tersirat (elliptical construction). (Tutup jendela!)
Kata kerja dapat dibuat lebih sopan dengan Do open the door.
menambahkan kata “do” di depan verb. (Buka pintu.)
Do not step on the grass.
Bentuk negatif didapat dengan menambahkan “don’t” (Jangan menginjak rumput.)
atau “do not” di depan verb. Don’t be careless.
(Jangan ceroboh.)
Let’s go to the wedding ceremony.
Jika pembicara ikut serta dalam tindakan yang diajukan
(Ayo pergi ke pesta pernikahan itu.)
di dalam kalimat, tambahkan “let’s” atau “let us” maupun
Let’s not complain anymore.
bentuk negatifnya, “let’s not” di depan verb.
(Mari kita tidak mengeluh lagi.)

Beberapa Fungsi dan Contoh Imperative


Fungsi Contoh Imperative

Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan direct Wake up now!


order/command (perintah langsung).Perintah biasanya (Bangun sekarang!)
diberikan oleh orang yang memiliki authority (kewenangan)
atau kepada anak-anak maupun binatang. Jika imperative di Get out!
dalam kalimat, Intonasi menurun pada akhir kalimat. (Keluar!)

Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan Watch out!


warning/prohibition (peringatan).Biasanya untuk (Awas!)
memperingatkan seseorang akan bahaya. Intonasi meninggi Don’t touch me!
pada kata terakhir. (Jangan sentuh saya!)

Don’t be panic.
Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan advice (Jangan panik.)
(nasehat).Kalimat diucapkan dengan intonasi normal. Do not eat too much.
(Jangan makan terlalu banyak.)

Imperative digunakan untuk memberikan instruction Go straight ahead then turn left.
(instruksi/petunjuk) (Jalan lurus ke depan lalu belok kiri.)

Take the pill after a meal.


(Minum pil setelah makan.)

Please don’t go.


(Tolong jangan pergi.)

Please reconsider.
(Tolong pertimbangkan kembali.)
Imperative digunakan untuk mengajukan request Let me alone, please.
(permintaan/permohonan).Untuk mengajukan request, dapat (Biarkan saya sendiri.)
digunakan kata “please” untuk membuat kata kerja ini
menjadi lebih sopan. Polite request:

 Would you like to give me some


food, please?
 Could you please stay here?

 Will you invite him, please?

Countable and uncountable nouns

COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns adalah kata benda yang dapat dihitung secara langsung, misalnya one
apple, two apples dan sebagainya. Countable nouns juga dapat menggunakan artikel a atau an
dan juga dapat dibuat jamak dan dapat dihitung seperti person, box, coin, animal, bottle,
table, cup, plate, chair, bag, cat, dog, glass, book, man, baby house, dan lain-lain. Berikut
merupakan penggunaan countable nouns dalam kalimat :

 I have a brother and two sisters.


 Ryan has a cheese sandwich and an apple for breakfast
 Do you like these photos?

Uncountable Nouns (mass nouns)


Uncountable noun atau disebut juga mass nouns adalah kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Uncountable nouns juga dapat di ingat sebagai kata benda yang hanya memiliki satu bentuk
saja. Contohnya adalah water. Kata tersebut tidak bisa dikatakan a water atau two water,
tetapi dapat digunakan dengan menyisipkan kata benda lainnya, contohnya a glass of water.
Contoh kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung atau uncountable nouns adalah rice, love,
sugar, assistance, cheese, coffee, money, tea, music, art, sand, air, dan lain-lain. Selain itu, di
dalam uncountable nouns juga terdapat kata benda yang mengacu pada ide abstrak dan emosi
seperti misalnya fun, advice, knowledge, love, happiness. Berikut merupakan penggunaan
uncountable nouns pada kalimat :

 She has some food


 Can you give me some information about that?

Uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung) biasanya berupa liquid (cairan), seperti
water, oil, atau shampoo.
Uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung) bisa juga berupa abstract noun (benda
abstrak), seperti happiness (kebahagiaan), sadness (kesedihan), fame (ketenaran), dan hope
(harapan).

Benda yang termasuk dalam uncountable nouns

Sand soap physics mathematics News mumpsair politics measles information meat
homework food economics advertising money

Beberapa Keyword untuk Countable dan Uncountable Nouns

Ada beberapa keyword yang digunakan untuk benda yang dapat dihitung (countable noun)
atau benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun), diantaranya:

For Countable Noun


For Uncountable Noun
(dapat dihitung)
(tidak dapat dihitung)

Many
Much

Number
Amount

Few
Little

Fewer Less
some any

Penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut:

Much dan Many (beberapa)


Many digunakan untuk countable noun (benda yang dapat dihitung).
Contoh kalimatnya:
 Many books are sold out in that book store.
Much digunakan untuk uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Contoh kalimatnya:
 They have so much food.
Number dan Amount (sejumlah)
Number digunakan untuk countable noun (benda yang dapat dihitung).
Contoh kalimatnya:
 A large number of oranges are on the plate.
Amount digunakan untuk uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Contoh kalimatnya:
 I have a small amount of money.
» Few dan Little (sedikit)
Few digunakan untuk countable noun (benda yang dapat dihitung).
Contoh kalimatnya:
 There is a few students in the class.
Little digunakan untuk uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Contoh kalimatnya:
 Please pour a little sugar into the glass.
» Fewer dan Less (lebih sedikit)
Fewer digunakan untuk countable noun (benda yang dapat dihitung).
Contoh kalimatnya:
 I have fewer bags than you.
Less digunakan untuk uncountable noun (benda yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Contoh kalimatnya:
 She has less homework than me.
Some dan any
Some dan any mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu beberapa. Kedua kata ini biasa digunakan
untuk menyatakan kata benda yang memiliki jumlah tak tentu pada countable nouns jamak
atau uncountable nouns.

Contoh :

 She has some questions.


 There are some reasons I can tell you why I should be worry right now.
 I owe any money.
 You could tell me any reasons, but I still won’t believe it.

Soal

Complete the sentences with the given words. Choose words in paranthese as necessary.

Complete the following blanks with: many or much!

1. Rani has______ money.

2. Rudi has______ marbles.

3. Father and mother have_______ friends.

4. Aunt Tina put _______ sugar in her tea.

5. David has _______ experience in teaching.

6. There are _______ students playing football in the field.

7. There is ________ salt in the soup.

8. I drink ________ water after exercising.

9. How _________ children do you have?

10. How ________ is a kilogram of egg?


Personal Pronouns

Personal pronoun adalah kata ganti (pronoun) yang kita gunakan untuk menggantikan orang, hewan
ataupun benda. Sama halnya dengan pronoun lainnya, personal pronoun ini juga digunakan dengan
tujuan agar noun atau kata benda yang sama tidak perlu digunakan berulang ulang sehinga kalimat
kita akan menjadi lebih efektif. Personal pronoun ini bisa kita gunakan sebagai subject maupun
object, oleh karena itu terdapat dua bentuk personal pronoun.

Berbeda dengan noun yang memiliki bentuk yang sama ketika berfungsi sebagai subject atau object
dan penambahan apostrophe ketika berfungsi sebagai possessive, perubahan pada kata ganti ini
mengacu pada beberapa parameter, yaitu:

case (subjective, objective, dan Case


possessive) Number Person
Subjective Objective Possessive
number (singular dan plural) 1st I me mine
person (first, second, dan third)
Singular 2nd you you yours
gender (female, male, dan neutral)
3rd she, he, it her, him, it hers, his
Personal pronoun dapat berfungsi 1st we us ours
sebagai subject, object, Plural 2nd you you yours
maupun possessive (parameter case). 3rd they them theirs

Penjelasan dan
Peran Personal
Contoh Kalimat
Pronoun
Personal Pronoun
 He is a
politician.
(Dia adalah
Subjective
politisi.)
personal
pronouns (I, you,
 It is the most
they, we, she, he,
delicious cake
it) berarti
that I have
personal
ever eaten.
pronoun berfungs
(Ini kue
i sebagai subject.
terlezat yang
saya pernah
makan.)
Objective object of verb
personal
pronouns (me,  He
you, us, them, lent me two
her, him, it) interesting
berarti personal books.
pronoun dapat (Dia
berfungsi meminjami
sebagai: saya dua buku
yang menarik.)
 object of  None
understands why the man really loves her.
(Tak satupun mengerti kenapa pria tersebut
mencintai dia.)
 Everybody is enthusiastic to help her.
verb (Setiap orang antusias membantunya.)

 object of preposition object of preposition

 If only he shared his problem with me.


(Seandainya dia membagi masalahnya kepada
saya.)
subject of sentence
 Yours was sent yesterday.
(Milikmu dikirim kemarin)
Possessive personal pronouns (mine, yours,  Mine is the biggest one.
ours, theirs, hers, his) berarti personal (Punyaku yang terbesar.)
pronoun berfungsi untuk menunjukkan
siapa yang memiliki sesuatu dengan subject complement
menempati posisi sebagai: subject of a
sentence, subject complement, atau objek.  The red and black car is his.
(Mobil merah-hitam tsb milik dia.)

 That is ours.
(Itu punya kita.)

Personal pronoun dapat menempati posisi sebagai 1st person, 2nd person, atau 3rd


person (parameter person).

Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun


I would be very happy if you lent me a little money.
1st person — orang pertama (I, me, we, (Saya akan sangat senang jika kamu meminjami
us) digunakan ketika sedang berbicara saya sedikit uang.)
sebagai orang pertama (diri sendiri), kita
dapat menggunakan kata ganti daripada We‘re looking for a philanthropist to support us.
menggunakan namanya. (Kami sedang mencari seorang dermawan untuk
mendukung kami.)
2nd person — orang kedua (you) You shouldn’t put yours anywhere.
digunakan ketika sedang berbicara (Kamu tidak seharnya meletakkan milikmu dimana-
dengan orang lain (bertindak sebagai mana.)
orang kedua), kita dapat menggunakan
kata ganti untuk orang kedua daripada I will help you to get yours.
menyebut nama aslinya. (Saya akan membantumu mendapatkan milikmu.)
3rd person — orang ketiga (she, he, it, Ferdi is a generous man. He always sets
her, him, it, they, them) digunakan ketika aside his for the poor and visits the orphanage.
sedang membicarakan orang lain (orang Everybody likes him.
lain bertindak sebagai orang ketiga), kita (Ferdi adalah orang yang pemurah. Dia selalu
dapat menyebut namanya pada menyisihkan miliknya untuk orang miskin dan
permulaan pembicaraan, selanjutnya mengunjungi panti asuhan. Setiap orang
diganti dengan kata ganti orang ketiga. menyukainya.)
Personal Pronoun dapat digunakan pada appositive. Jika appositive menerangkan subject, kata ganti
yang digunakan adalah subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it). Sebaliknya jika
appositive menerangkan object, maka kata ganti yang digunakan adalah objective personal
pronouns (me, you, us, them, her, him, it).

No Contoh Kalimat Appositive dan Personal Pronoun

The team, Atiek and he, got two gold medals.


(Tim tersebut, Atiek dan dia, mendapatkan dua medali emas.)

1 Keterangan:
 The team= subject
 Atiek and he = appositive

 he = subjective pp
Diana invited her best friends, Vina and me, to her wedding party.
(Diana mengundang teman-teman baiknya, Vina dan saya, ke pesta pernikahannya.)

Keterangan:
2
 her best friend = object
 Vina and me= appositive

 me = objective pp

Soal

1. My brother is an architect. __ designed my house. (he)

2. We wanted to arrive before dinner, but __ flight was delayed. (our)

3. This dictionary are __ and the one is mine. (yours)

4. You should go to Jakarta __ to meet the client. (yourself)

5. The students are discussing the lesson. Tell __ that the time is over. (them)

6. I have finished my project alone. I worked all night by __ (myself)

7. I get many emails, I can’t read __ all. (them)

8. If the weather is nice, we will go hiking. If __ isn’t, we won’t. (it)

9. Read these papers, sign your name on the bottom of each page and then fax __ to the lawyer.
(them)

10. Mr. Arman place a new office. __ office is large. (his)


Expressing Possibility & Impossibility
Merupakan sebuah ungkapan untuk menyatakan suatu kemungkinan atas suatu hal yang
menerangkan apakah sesuatu itu mungkin terjadi ataupun tidak.
Berikut jenis-jenis Possibility Expression (kemungkinan):
 May (Mungkin, barangkali)
 May be (Mungkin, barangkali)

 Perhaps (Boleh jadi, mungkin, boleh juga)


 Possibly (Mungkin, barangkali)
 It is possible (Itu mungkin saja, boleh jadi)
 Might (Mungkin, boleh jadi)
 There’s a chance (Ada kemungkinan)
 Could be (Bisa jadi, mungkin)

Berikut contoh dalam kalimat possibility expression:


1. You possibly can sweep before you go to school.(kamu mungkin dapat menyapu
sebelum kamu pergi kesekolah)
2. She may be can study in University after you graduating from SMK TUNAS WIYA.
(Dia mungkin  dapat belajar di perguruan tinggi sesudah kamu lulus dari SMK
TUNAS WIYATA)
3. Toni may late come to school.(Toni mungki telat datang kesekolah)
4. My teacher might know what I am feeling.(guru saya mungkin tahu apa yang saya
rasa/pikirkan).
5. There’s a chance she is sick.(ada kemungkinan dia sakit)
6. Perhaps,I am tired(mungkin saya capek).
7. It is possible will it do flood if  the rain down everyday.(itu mungkin saja akan terjadi
jika hujan turun setiap hari)
8. Could be she is very sad today.(bisa jadi dia sangat sedih hari ini)
9. She could be a nurse.(dia bisa jadi seorang perawat)
10. You may need a water now.(kamu mungki butuh air sekarang)
11. There’s a chance she is fat if drink ice.(bisa jadi dia akan gemuk jika minum es)
12. Maybe she is confused.(mungkin dia bingung)

Berikut jenis-jenis Impossiblity Expression (ketidak mungkinan)

 It’s impossible (tidak mungkin)


 Can’t possibly (tidak mungkin)
 May not (tidak boleh)
 Couldn’t be (tidak mungkin)
 There is no chance (tidak mungkin)
 There’s no way (tidakmungkin)
 That’s not possible (tidakmungkin)

Berikut contoh kalimat impossiblity expression


1. I am couldn’t be buy a new car.(saya tidak mungkin membeli mobil baru)
2. They can’t possibly go to Paris for holiday.(mereka tidak mungkin pergi keparis
untuk liburan)
3. She there is no chance  happy after her mother dead(dia tidak mungkin bahagia
sesudah ibunya meninggal)
4. We couldn’t be go to market know it’s rain.(kita tidak mungkin pergi kepasar
sekarang hujan)
5. That’s not possible he come in my home know/(tidak mungkin dia datang kerumahku
sekarang)
6. There’s no way if he get the winner.(tidak mungkin jika dia menjadi pemenang)
7. There is no chance if my mother angry with me(tidak mungkin jika ibu saya marah
dengan saya).
8. You may not go to mountain alone(kamu tidak boleh pergi kegunung sendirian)
9. You may not crying.(kamu tidak boleh menangis)
10. You may not sad(kamu tidak boleh sedih)

Exercises

1. Sarry   :‘Do you think that we can finish this by today?’


    Tomy     : ‘I have no doubt that we can finish it in time.’
The underlined sentence means …
A.  agreement
B.   disagreement
C.  certainty
D.  impossibility

2. Yato    : ‘are you sure to come to Yukine’s birthday tonight?’


    Hiyori  : i believe I can come.
The underlined sentence means …
A.  disagreement
B.   displeasure
C.  possibility
D.  uncertainty
3. Etty    :I’d like to go to the cinema tonight, will you join me?
   Charles : …. Its great.
A.   I don’t think I’ll go with you
B.   I have something to do.
C.   Oh really, but I don’t like it
D.   I think I have to see it

4. Is it possible we win this race?


Alex     :.....
a. there is possibility of being the winner
b. probably, i’m not sure you go to the mall
c. i may be join too
d. i don’t know the rules

5. Is there a chance that we’ll win the football match?


Alex     :...
a. i like football
b. lets watch it
c. Of course there is a chance to win
d. may be you can buy a ball

6. Rita: I wonder why Tiara never replied my messages?


Rany: Possibly, she was out of town. ___
a. She can’t have got any fund.
b. She must have bought a lot of fund.
c. She might have had no fund.
d. She should have received some fund.

7. Rona: My uncle’s TV was broken.


Rico: ___ he was a mechanic. You know that, don’t you?
a. Sure, It was old.
b. I asked him to call a repairman.
c. He couldn’t have fixed it.
d. He might have repaired it himself.

8. Ryan: I graduated with flying colors.


Rina: ___ you must be kidding!
a. Impossible
b. It’s possible.
c. That’s true.
d. Certainly.

9. Jean: Where are you spending your next holiday?


Nayla: ___ I might go to Malang.
Jean: How about joining me to Yogyakarta?
a. I’m sure.
b. I’m ready
c. I have no idea
d. I’m glad you’re right

10. Tiara: Do you think it will rain tomorrow? I plan to go to the beach.
Mira: It ___. It rains almost everyday these days.
a. Doesn’t rain
b. Isn’t rain.
c. Is really so
d. Could be

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy