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Accusative Case (Belirtme Durumu, İsmin - İ Hali)

The document discusses accusative case in Turkish grammar. Accusative case is used to mark the direct object of a sentence when it is specific. Some key points covered include: 1) Direct objects appear with transitive verbs and indicate what the subject acts upon. 2) In Turkish, specific direct objects are marked with accusative case suffixes like "-i". 3) There are some exceptions where even specific direct objects are not marked with accusative case, such as when the direct object indicates location. 4) Certain verbs like "bakmak" and "inanmak" always take indirect objects rather than direct objects.

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Ceylan D.
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73 views

Accusative Case (Belirtme Durumu, İsmin - İ Hali)

The document discusses accusative case in Turkish grammar. Accusative case is used to mark the direct object of a sentence when it is specific. Some key points covered include: 1) Direct objects appear with transitive verbs and indicate what the subject acts upon. 2) In Turkish, specific direct objects are marked with accusative case suffixes like "-i". 3) There are some exceptions where even specific direct objects are not marked with accusative case, such as when the direct object indicates location. 4) Certain verbs like "bakmak" and "inanmak" always take indirect objects rather than direct objects.

Uploaded by

Ceylan D.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ACCUSATIVE CASE (BELİRTME DURUMU, İSMİN -İ HALİ)

The direct object is the thing that the subject acts upon. An indirect object is an optional part of
a sentence; it's the recipient of an action.

Direct objects appear when the verb is transitive. A transitive verb, used with a direct object,
transmits action to an object and may also have an indirect object, which indicates to or for
whom the action is done. In contrast, an intransitive verb never takes an object.

In Turkish if the direct object is specific, we add accusative case suffixes “-ı, -i, -u, -ü”. 

1. We sent a package to our relatives in Iowa.


Subject: We
Verb: Sent
What's the thing that we sent: A package --> direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: our relatives in Iowa --> indirect object
Turkish: Iowa'daki akrabalarımıza bir paket gönderdik. (Since it is “a package” not “the
package”, we didn't say “paketi” although it is a direct object)

2. He told his parents a lie.  (parent = ebeveyn)

Subject: He
Verb: Told
What's the thing he tell: A lie --> direct object 
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: his parents --> indirect object
Turkish: O, ebeveynlerine yalan söyledi. (Since we are not talking about a specific lie, we didn't
say “yalanı” although it is a direct object)

3. Tina is making dinner for us.


 
Subject: Tina
Verb: Making
What's the thing Tina is making: dinner --> direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: us --> indirect object
Turkish: Tina bizim için yemek yapıyor. (Since we are not talking about a specific food, we didn't
say “yemeği” although it is a direct object)

Bu Türk yemeği-n-i beğendin mi?

4. Our boss is buying us dinner. 


Subject: Our boss
Verb: Buying
What is the thing our boss is buying: dinner --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: us --> indirect object
Turkish: Patronumuz bize yemek alıyor. (Since we are not talking about a specific food, we
didn't say “yemeği” although it is a direct object)

Bana şarkı söyledi


Benim için şarkı söyledi

6. I didn't like the meal.

Subject: I
Verb: didn't like
What is the thing I didn't like: the meal --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: -    --> no indirect object
Turkish: Yemeğ-i beğenmedim. (We are talking about a specific food – maybe it's the food we
ordered in the restaurant)

7. Aisling loves sitting by the sea


 
Subject:  Aisling
Verb: loves
What's the thing that Aisling loves: sitting by the sea --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: -   --> indirect object
Turkish: Aisling deniz kenarında oturma-y-ı sever. (The verb “sevmek” always require its object
created from a verb to be accusative.)

PS: When you use a verb as an object, you use short infinitive version (dinleme instead of
dinlemek, konuşma instead of konuşmak, okuma instead of okumak etc.)

9. Give me my phone!

Subject:  You
Verb: give
What's the thing you give: my phone --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: me --> indirect object
Turkish: Telefonum-u bana ver! (We are talking about a specific phone – my phone)

10. The man is listening to you.


Subject:  The man
Verb:  listening to
What's the thing the man is listening to: you --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: me --> indirect object
Turkish: Adam sen-i dinliyor (Pronouns are always specific)

11. She gave her class the lecture.

Subject:  She
Verb:  gave
What's the thing she gave: the lecture --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: her class --> indirect object
Turkish: Sınıfına ders-i verdi.

12. He brought the cat from İzmir. (to bring = getirmek)

Subject:  He
Verb:  brought
What's the thing he took: the cat --> Direct object
Who or what is indirectly affected by this action: -   --> no indirect object
Turkish: Kedi-y-i İzmir'den getirdi.

IMPORTANT NOTE 1:

The man entered the room.


Turkish: Adam odaya girdi.

Even if  “the room” considered as a direct object in English, since entering is a directional
action, it is not considered as a direct object in Turkish. If an element in the sentence answers
one of the questions of  “where (-de, -da,-te -ta, ), to where (-e, -a), from where (-den, -dan,
-ten, -tan) ”, we don't make it accusative.

IMPORTANT NOTE 2:

There are also verbs that only take an indirect object, and there is no general rule when to use
which suffix. For example, in the sentence below you can rationalize that bakmak takes a dative
case suffix because you look at the cat, so there is a kind of motion towards. However, this
doesn't work as well for the second sentence. The verb to believe definitely looks as if it needs
a direct object, but it needs an indirect object. 

Look at the cat.


Kediye bak.

I believe the man.


Adama inanıyorum.

Some other verbs that always take indirect objects: 

-e inanmak

I don't believe the news.


Haberlere inanmıyorum.

-e katılmak

He didn't attend/join the meeting.


Toplantıya katılmadı.

-a sarılmak

She hugged me.


Bana sarıldı.

-i öpmek

She kissed me
Beni öptü

-den nefret etmek

I hate you
Senden nefret ediyorum

-den hoşlanmak
Senden hoşlanıyorum

-e ihtiyacı olmak

I need you
Sana ihtiyacım var

-e yardım etmek

Bana yardım et.


Help me.

KURALLAR (RULES)

You have to use accusative case when:

1) The direct object is a private name:


İstanbul’u geziyorum

2) The direct object is a pronoun:


Seni bekliyorum.

3) The direct object has got possesive suffix:


Markette arkadaşımın annesi-n-i gördüm.

4) The direct object has got adjectives like “bu, şu, o, hangi (WHICH), bütün (ALL), bazı
(SOME), her (EACH, EVERY)”:

5) There is a word between the direct object and the verb:

Ekmek marketten aldım. BROKEN SENTENCE


Ekmeği marketten aldım. PROPER SENTENCE.

Marketten ekmek aldım

IMPORTANT NOTE:

But if you don’t want to make the direct object specific, don’t put other words between
the direct object and the verb.

Explanation: You can’t say “Ekmek marketten aldım” because it is a broken sentence.
But if you say “Ekmeği marketten aldım”, this time the direct object becomes specific.
Instead, just use the direct object and the verb next to each other, instead of putting
another word between them. In other words just say “Marketten ekmek aldım”. By this
way the sentence will not be broken and the meaning will be preserved.

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