Present Simple Tense: “Habitual Present“.

*It is used to talk about :

a)Daily Routine b)A general truth c)Permanent Situations

Examples: 1
a) Daily Routine.

- I get up at 7 ó clock and go to my job.

= Yo me levanto a las 7 en punto y voy a

mi trabajo.

b) A general truth.

- Computer engineers design computer systems.

c)Permanent Situations

- We live in Chile, a developed country =

Nosotros vivimos en Chile, un país desarrollado.

*Affirmative Form:

Subject + Verb in Infinitive + Complement.

(Present)

1) I check my mail everyday = Yo reviso mi correo cada día.

2) He develops computer systems 2

3) We come to classes

Note:

- For I - You - We - They the main verb does not change.

Rules: for he / she / it.

a) If the verb in infinitive ends in s, ss, ch, sh, o, x, z, it is

added ----------------- es to the verb.

Ex : Kiss He kisses / Touch She touches

Wish Johan wishes / Go Amelia goes.

(he) (she)
b)The Verbs whose Infinitive (Present) ends in y, preceded by
consonant changes the y into an i= ---------------------ies

(He)
Ex : Study Adam studies English.

(She)
Try Karla tries to learn about laptops.
3

c) If the verb ends in y but is preceded by a vowel, simply add --------

---------- s.

(She)
Ex : Play Karen plays table tennis with her employer.

d)All other cases for He - She - It , add ------- s to the verb.

Ex : Live She lives in the country side.

Speak He communicates information to supervisors.

e)The Verb "Have", changes to "Has" for He - She - It.

(He)
Ex : Have - Patricio has time to read the news online daily.

(She)
- Stephanie has many plans for her future as a computer engineer.
*Negative Form:

Subject + Auxiliary + not + Verb in Present+ Complement.

(do / does)

*I -You -We - They do not (don’t) + Verb in Present + 4

Complement

*He - She - It does not(doesn’t) + Verb in Present +

Complement

1) Aff. Form : I study Economics.

Neg. Form : I don’t study Economics.

2) Aff. Form : He designs computers in Talca.

Neg. Form : He doesn’t design computers in Talca.

(Verb in Present sin s)

3) Aff. Form : We come to classes.

Neg. Form : We don’t come to classes to waste

our time.
*Interrogative Form:

Auxiliary + Subject + Verb in Present + Complement ?.

(Do / Does)

* Do + I - You - We - They ……….. ? 5

* Does + He - She - It ……….. ?

Note:

The auxiliary "DO" is not translated, it is only used to transform an

affirmative sentence into an interrogative one.

1) Int. Form : Do I study English?

2) Int. Form : Does He design computers in

Talca?
3) Int. Form : Do We come to classes?
*Short Answer with Present Simple:

-Yes , Subject + do / does.

-No , Subject + don ’t / doesn't.

So,

1) Do I study English ? 6

Yes, I do. / No, I don ’t.

Long answer Yes, I study English.

No, I don ’t study English.

2) Does He design computers in Talca ?

Yes, He does. / No, He does not. ( doesn’t )

3) Do We come to classes ?

Yes, We do. / No, We do not. ( don ’t ).

Ex: Do you speak Spanish ?

(” You “ in the question ” I “ in the answer.)

Yes, I do / No, I don ’t.

 7

Wh? questions

Wh word + do/does + subject + verb + complement?

- What do you study?

I study computer engineering.

-Where do you study this career?

I study this career in the Autónoma University.

-Why do you study this?

Because I like to …..

8
Writing:
*Connectors:

First = Primero / Then = Luego /

Or = o / And = Y
After that = Después de eso / Later
= Más tarde / Before = Antes After =
9
Después / But = Pero / Finally = Finalmente.

English Writing Tips

Capitalization.
*Punctuation rules.

1. Full stop , or period (.)

 Used a full stop at the end of a sentence:

Ex: 10
She stood up and went away. She was furious.

 Used for abbreviations:

Co. (Company)
M.P. (Member of Parliament)

2. Question marks (?)

 Question marks are used at the end of direct questions:

Examples:
-Where do you live?
-Are you crazy?
-Did you do the homework?

 Use a question mark at the end of tag questions:

-You will help me, won't you?

-He likes soccer, doesn't he?

3. Exclamation marks (!)
 Used to indicate strong emotions:

Examples:

-She's so beautiful!
-What a nice girl! 11
-How interesting!

 Used after interjections:

-Oh! It's awful.

- Hi! What's up?

4. Commas (,)
 Commas are used between items in a series or list. The last two
items of the series usually do not need a comma between them.
They are separated by "and".

Example:

-I like spaghetti, fish, pizza and hot dogs.

 Commas are also used between adjectives or adverbs:

Examples:

- I'd like to have a big, black, German car.

-She speaks slowly, quietly and eloquently.

 After the street address and city in an address:

 Examples:

-34 Hassan II Street, Rabat, Morocco.

 Before a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
12
Example:

- He woke up late, so he had to drive to work.

5. Colons (:)
 Use a colon to introduce a list:

Examples:

-He visited three cities last summer holiday: Madrid, Roma and
Athens.

 To introduce an idea or an explanation:

Ex:
-He had one idea in mind: to see her as soon as possible.

 To introduce direct speech or a quotation:

The secretary whispered in his ear: "Your wife is on the phone"

6. Apostrophes (')
 Use an apostrophe to indicate a missing letter or letters in a
contraction.

Example:

-I 'm fed up with his stories 13

 Use an apostrophe plus the letter "s" to show possession.

Example:

- My brother's girlfriend is such a sweet girl.

7. Quotation marks (" …")

1. Quotation marks are used to quote speech, sentences or words.
Example:

-She said, "I love you".

Writing:

*Describe your “Daily Routine in a new job as a

computer engineer if you are working as an
information systems analyst. 14

*Use Present Simple Tense (Affirmative Form or negative

form) and these Connectors:

First / Then / After that / and / Finally.

(10')
First I ------identify the problem---------------------
--------- , then I --consider the solutions to the
problem--------------- After that I ----apply the
solution-------- and ---finally I -evaluate the
solutions-------

*Remember: Do you ….. ?

Yes, I do /no, I don't.

 Activities.

I . Give the affirmative form: Present Simple Tense.

1) Carlos --------------------------- 20 years of teaching experience. (have)

2) American people ---------------------- English. (speak) 15

II . Give the Negative and Interrogative form.

1) Business men increase their career prospects by learning English.

Neg. F : --------------------------------------------------------------------

Int. F : --------------------------------------------------------------------

*Career prospects= Perspectivas profesionales.

2) We open the factory at 9 : 00 ó clock on Mondays.

Neg. F : ---------------------------------------------------------------

Int. F : --------------------------------------------------------------------

III . Answer the questions as required.

• Do you smoke ? Yes, --------------------------------

No, --------------------------------

• Does your father like your career ? Yes, -----------------------------

No, -----------------------------
 Answers.

I . Give the affirmative form: Present Simple Tense.

(He)
1) Carlos --------has------------ 20 years of teaching experience. (have)

(They)
2) American people ------speak---------------- English. (speak) 16

II . Give the Negative and Interrogative form.

1) Business men increase their career prospects by learning English.

Neg. F : --They don't increase their career prospects by

learning English ---

Int. F : Do they increase their career prospects by

learning English?.

2) We open the factory at 9 : 00 ó clock on Mondays.

Neg. F : ---We don't open the factory at 9 : 00 ó clock on

Mondays ----

Int. F : --Do we open the factory at 9 : 00 ó clock on Mondays?

III . Answer the questions as required.

1. Do you smoke ? Yes, ---I do----------------

No, I don't ------------

2. Does your father like your career ? Yes, ------he does--------

No, he doesn't -------