9

COURSE GUIDE
FOURTH QUARTER
COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course focuses on three different lessons a. Drafting electrical and

electronic Layout and Details, b. Draft mechanical layout and details and c. Draft
plumbing and sanitary layout and details. You will be learning activities that will
prepare you to be skillful before you take the plunge into the world of work as a
draftsman and to feel more confident while providing support where needed.

CONTENT STANDARD

The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and principles in

drafting electrical and electronic layout and details, mechanical layout and details
and plumbing /sanitary layout and details.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD

The learners shall be able to able to draft electrical/electronic layout and

details, mechanical layout and details and plumbing/sanitary layout and details
following job requirements.
LESSON/TOPIC LEARNING LEARNING DURATION
COMPETENCIES TASK/APPLICATION/ASSESSMENT

Draft Electrical Draft lighting and Learning Task 1.1: Identify Me! 10 days
and Electronic power layouts Learning Task 1.2: Drag-drop
layout and according to text
Details electrical drafting Learning Task 1.3: Draft
standards Electrical Plan
Learning Task 1.4: Reflection
Learning Task 1.5: Assessment

Draft Draft heating, Learning Task 2.1: Fill Me In! 10 days

Mechanical ventilating, and Learning Task 2.2: Spot the part
layout and air-conditioning Learning Task 2.3: Draft ACU
details systems layout and AUX Layout
Learning Task 2.4: Reflection
Learning Task 2.5: Assessment

Draft Plumbing Draft water Learning Task 3.1: Match it Up! 10 days
and Sanitary distribution Learning Task 3.2: Draft Water
Layout and system Distribution System
details Learning Task 3.3: Reflection

Draft sanitary Learning Task 4.1: Fill Me In! 10 days

and storm Learning Task 4.2: Draft Sanitary
drainage and Storm Drainage
Learning Task 4.3: Assessment

About the Course Creator

 This part of the lesson will equip you with knowledge and skills needed for you
to Draft Electrical and Electronic Layout and Details. Read and understand the learning
resources given.

Learning Resource 1.1: Electrical Terms

An electrical plan is a plan that consists of a lighting plan, power layout, and
specification details of the house.
There are two kinds of electrical plan:
1) lighting layout shows the location and flow of house lightings as well as its controls
(switches), and
2) power and auxiliary layout presents the location of the convenience outlets and
other auxiliary outlets in the floor plan.

Usually, these two layouts are drawn separately to provide a clearer and more detailed
presentation and to avoid overcrowding. Before you go through with the process of
developing an electrical plan, it would be better if you familiarize yourself first with the
basic knowledge and understanding in electrical.

Electrical Quantities
1. CURRENT is the movement of charged particles in a wire to a specific direction. These
charged particles can be a positive ion or a negative ion. The unit of measurement is
ampere (A). One ampere of current flows in a conductor when 6.251x1018 electrons pass
a given cross section in 1 second. There are two types of electrical currents that can flow
through wires:

2. VOLTAGE, also known as electromotive force (emf) or potential difference, is the

electric pressure that causes current to flow. Potential difference is the potential energy
divided by charge. It is the work needed to move a charged body against the electric
force, toward or away from another charged body. The unit of measurement for voltage
is volts (v) named after Alessandro Volta.
3. RESISTANCE is the opposition to the flow of charge. The symbol for resistance is (R).
The unit used to specify the amount of resistance is the ohm, represented by the symbol
(Ω).

Resistance of an object depends on four factors.

Ohm’s Law

Although the three electrical quantities: current, voltage and resistance, are used
differently, they are related to each other. This relationship is known as Ohm’s Law .
Developed by Georg Simon Ohm, the law states that “current is directly proportional to
the voltage and is inversely proportional to the resistance”. It is expressed by the
equation:

Power and Energy

 Electric power is the rate of doing electrical work. It is equal to the product of the
current and voltage. The unit is watt (W) or kilowatt (kW). A kilowatt is 1,000 watts. Work
is being done at the rate of “1 watt” when a constant current of 1 ampere is maintained
through a resistance by an emf of 1 volt. The power input in watts to any electrical
device in which the element has a resistance (R) and the current is I given by the
equation.

Electrical Circuits

An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the
current. There are two types of circuits:

Electrical Diagrams and Symbols

Graphic symbols are shorthand ways of showing how a circuit works or how the parts
of the circuit are connected. Electrical symbols are used to represent actual electrical
components on drawings. Each component has its individual functionality depending on
its operational characteristics. Electrical symbols are generally standard but may still vary
from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.

The following are the common electrical symbols that you may encounter when
dealing with residential electrical plans and its corresponding function and use.
 A. Circuit Protective Devices automatically prevents dangerous or excess amounts
of temperature, excessive amounts of current or a short circuit in an electrical conductor.
It limits the amount of energy that is liberated in the event of electrical failure.

B. Lighting Fixtures, also known as light fitting or luminaire, is an electrical device

used to create artificial light by use of an electric lamp. All light fixtures have a fixture
body and a light socket to hold the lamp and allow for its replacement. There are three
groups of light fixtures namely, ceiling fixtures, wall fixtures, and portable plug-ins.
 C. Convenience Outlet is a point on the wiring system at which current is taken to
supply utilization equipment. It acts as a convenient source of electrical energy for
currentconsuming appliances.

D. Switch is an electrical device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric
current in a circuit.
 Other Auxiliary Electrical Symbols

Electrical Notes and Specifications

1. The electrical works shall comply with all the provisions in the Electrical Code and with
consideration of the rules and regulations of local power company.
2. Unless otherwise specified, wiring shall be done with PVC pipe; minimum size shall be
½ "Ø trade sizes.
3. Electric meters installed by the power utility company are supplied and installed by the
power utility company.
4. The Philippine Electrical Code provides that only professional engineers can sign the
electrical plans.
5. Samples of materials to be used shall be submitted to the construction engineering
office for approval before execution of the work.
6. Smallest size of the wire to be used shall be 12TW wire unless otherwise specified.
7. The minimum size of electric wire for service entrance is number 8 AWG.

Lighting / Illumination

Planning for sufficient lighting involves the light, eye, and the object. Whether
planning lighting for a residence or for a large commercial building, the same design
factors must be considered. One must consider how much light is needed, what type has
the best quality and how should the light be distributed.

Types of Lighting

A. General Lighting, or ambient lighting, provides an area with overall illumination. It

should provide a comfortable level of brightness, enabling you to perform tasks and
move about safely. It can be accomplished with a chandeliers, ceiling or wall-mounted
fixtures, recessed or track lights, and with floor and table lamps while for exterior designs
it may include spotlights, hanging fixtures, post lanterns, wall lighting, and recessed
fixtures in overhanging structures.

B. Task Lighting are light fixtures that helps you perform specific tasks and activities. It is
usually achieved by using recessed and track lighting, pendant lighting, portable lamps,
or desk lamps.

C. Accent lighting allows you to create a visual point of interest using concentrated light
on an area or subject. It is often used to spotlight architectural features, paintings, plans,
sculptures, or collectibles and if you want to add an extra dimension to a room.

Types of Light Source

There are three basic types of bulbs that are considered as the most energy-efficient
lighting types available for home lighting.
1. Incandescent bulbs is a type of light bulb that produces light when an electric
current pass through a filament and causes it to glow. ✓ Halogen incandescent bulbs is a
type of incandescent light bulb that uses a halogen gas in order to increase both light
output and rated life. They are known for moderately high efficiency, quality of light, and
high rated life compared to regular incandescent lamps.
 2. Fluorescent Bulbs is a type of light bulb that produces light when an electric arc
passes between cathodes to excite mercury and other gases producing radiant energy,
which is then converted to visible light by a phosphor coating.
Kinds of Fluorescent Bulbs
✓ Linear Fluorescent is type of gas-discharge lamp that are known for high energy
efficiency, long life and relative low cost.
✓ Compact Fluorescent lamps (CFL) are small fluorescent bulbs that can be used in most
types of lighting fixtures. The screw-in types can be used to replace incandescent lamps
in standard lamp sockets. It is considered as one of the most efficient type of light bulb.

✓ T8 Bulbs are fluorescent bulbs that uses electronic ballast that allows it to turn on
instantly and lessen humming sounds.

3. LED light bulbs utilize light-emitting diodes to produce light. It is the most efficient,
long lasting, often the most suitable for home lighting. They are pretty similar to
traditional bulbs.

Light Measurements
The following are the terminologies that you will encounter when dealing with light
measurements and calculations:
✓ Lux (symbol lx) is the measure of how much light there is over a given surface area or
the amount of illumination. 1 lx = 1 lm/m2
✓ Lumen (symbol lm) is a measure of the total amount of visible light emitted by a
source in any direction. Bulbs with 1,500 - 3000 lumens ratings are needed to light your
living room.
✓ Wattage (symbol watts) is the measure of how much light is consume. Bulbs with
lower wattage uses less electricity.

General Rules to Observe in Illumination Planning

Rules in Planning the Electrical System
1. There should be at least one wall-switch-controlled lighting outlet in every habitable
room. The main source of light in a room should be controlled by a wall switch located
on the latch side of the room’s entrance. It should not be necessary to walk into a dark
room to find the light switch.

2. Electrical outlets (except in the kitchen) should average one for every 6'(1.8m) of wall
space.

3. Electrical outlets in the kitchen should average one for every 4'(1.2m) of wall space.
4. Walls between doors should have an outlet, regardless of the size of the wall space.
5. Each room should have a light outlet in the ceiling or wall that will be a major source
of light for the whole room.
6. Each room should have adequate lighting for all visual tasks.
7. Each room should have at least one easy-to-reach outlet for the vacuum cleaner or
other appliances that are often used.
8. Not all lights in one room should be on the same circuit.
9. The height of all outlets in the house should be listed on the plans.
10. GFCI receptacle should be provided as outlined.
Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SAoYB2ELMEYDUGM5SV9b1NKCpU6jTZ7W/view?
usp=sharing to download offline copy
Learning Resource 1.2: Steps in Drafting Electrical Plan ( Lighting and Power Layout)

Now that you are already equipped with the necessary knowledge about electrical
layouts, you may now engage yourself on how you can prepare a good electrical plan.
Complete electrical plans will guarantee the installation of electrical wiring exactly as
planned. If electrical plans are incomplete and vague, the totality of the installation is
largely affected.

1. Draw or trace the scaled floor plan.

2. Determine the number and exact position/location of all appliances and lighting
fixtures on the plan.

3. Draw in the positions of all lighting fixtures as well as its corresponding switches.
4. Show and plot the position of all convenience outlets and other auxiliary receptacles –
telephone, cable, etc.

5. Indicate the position of your circuit breaker panel board. Panel boards are usually
placed on the most accessible yet safest part of the house.
6. Indicate the number of circuit home runs or circuit breaker to be used.
✓ 1 circuit breaker(home run) per 10 lighting outlets
✓ 1 circuit breaker (home run) per 6 convenience outlets
✓ 1 circuit breaker per 1 special-purpose outlet (ACU and Range Outlet)
7. Finalize the drawing by completing the specifications for the detailed drawing of
electrical plan including the legend.

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/129JpdzTrFyMlvVXfSzaVU0E5bTpa9Ux6/view?usp=s
haring to download offline copy

Learning Task 1.1: Fill Me in!

Learning Task 1.2: Drag-drop text

Learning Task 1.3: Draft Electrical Plan

Materials Needed:

• Oslo Paper
• Triangle/ruler/T-square
• Pencil and eraser
• Templates
Instructions:

1. Using the floor plan below, draft the corresponding lighting and power layout by
following the steps previously discussed. Follow the given requirements and
specifications below.

2. Use 1:100 scale.

3. Label and dimension your plan, as necessary.

Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria.

Directions:

1. Scan your output using HP Smart scanner application that can be downloaded
for free from Appstore (IOS user) and Google Play Store (Android user).
2. Rename your file
to LearningTask1.3_FoundationPlan_Yourname(LN,FN). Example: LearningTas
k1.3_FoundationPlan_DELACRUZJuan.
3. Submit your output in the Google drive link that will be provided by your
teacher. Click the Google drive link and upload your work. After uploading your
work. Right Click on your uploaded file , click Share, Edit share settings to Anyone
with the link, get and copy the link. and Submit the link here.

4.

5.
6. Mark/tick the box at the right side of the activity when submission is done.
Learning Task 1.5: Assessment
References

Books/Publications

• Miller, C. Codes and Standards Article 210 – Branch Circuits: Required Lighting
Outlets, Part II. (2003, June). Electrical Contractor.
• https://www.ecmag.com/section/systems/article-210-branch-circuits-required-
lightingoutlets-part-ii

• Rosenberg, P. (2004). Audel Electrical Course for Apprentices and Journeymen. All
New 4th Edition. Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Websites

• Express Electrical Services. (n.d.) 5 Common Types of Light Switches. Accessed March
30, 2021 from https://expresselectricalservices.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-
light-switches/

• Integrated Publishing. (n.d.) Service Entrance. Accessed March 30, 2021 from
https://www.tpub.com/ceb/59.htm

• Karlen, M., Benya, J. (2004). Lighting Design Basics. John Wiley & Sons.

• Texxon Electric. Types of Light Sources and Light Bulbs.

https://texxonelectric.com/types-light-sources-light-bulbs/
• Walch, J. (n.d.) How to Draw an Electrical Floor Plan With Circuits. Hunker.
Accessed March 30, 2021 from https://www.hunker.com/12275398/how-to-draw-
an-electrical-floor-plan-with-circuits

Others

• Ohm’s Law Word Problems. https://www.basic-mathematics.com/ohm-s-law-word-

problems.htm
Mechanical systems drawing is a type of technical drawing that shows information about
heating, ventilating, air conditioning and transportation around the building.
Learning Competencies:

LO 1. Draft heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems layout (TLE_ICTTD9- 12ML-IVe-

f-1)

• Draft HVAC systems according to Mechanical Code

• Indicate signs and symbols according to mechanical layout and detail requirements.

This lesson is designed to help you learn how to draw diagrams of electrical and
electronic circuits using proper symbols, layout and other details based on drafting
standards. After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. enumerate the different kinds of air-conditioning (AC) systems;

2. understand how air-conditioning works; and
3. draft air-conditioning (AC) and auxiliary layout and details

Learning Resource 2.1: Heating, Ventilating, and Air-conditioning (HVAC)

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a three functional equipment

combined into one system that performs heating and/or cooling for residential, commercial,
or industrial buildings. The HVAC system may also be responsible for providing fresh
outdoor air to dilute interior airborne contaminants such as odors from occupants, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from interior furnishings, chemicals used for cleaning
etc.

Air conditioning

Air Conditioning refers to the process of simultaneous control of the physical properties
of air (temperature, humidity, motion, and purity) in a confined space. It consists of cooling
the air, dehumidifying it, and placing the air in motion. Cooling the air requires refrigeration,
while dehumidifying requires either refrigeration or chemical treatment.

Two Classes of Air Conditioning

1. Comfort Air Conditioning (air conditioning for human comfort) is a modern method of
controlling the temperature and humidity of air in an enclosed space so that it will the
greatest feeling of comfort is produced for the largest number of people.

2. Process Air Conditioning is concerned with producing an air condition within an enclosed
space that is most favorable to the manufacturing operation being conducted in that space.
Functions of air conditioning systems are:

1. Cooling and dehumidifying air

2. Heating and humidifying air
3. Cleaning of air (Filtration)

Circulation of Air Conditioning Standards

1. Heating and Humidifying

A relative humidity of 30 to 35 percent is found most satisfactory in winter. With this
proportion, a temperature from 70˚to 75˚F (21.1˚-23.9˚) is comfortable.
2. Cooling and Dehumidifying
For summer cooling, temperatures of 76˚ to 80˚F (24.4˚C-26.6˚C) and 50 percent relative
humidity are frequent design average.
3. Air Motion
A gentle motion of air produces a refreshing and stimulating effect. The velocity should
average 15 to 25 ft. per minute, measured 36 inches above the floor.
4. Air Supply

Many codes require about 30 cu. ft. per min. per person. Since the indoor air is
recirculated and reused in air conditioning, a smaller amount of air is required; 5 to 10 cu. ft.
per person is sufficient.

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/13ZGWXn85roLm2jLe9P3R67qTat-Io-
bN/view?usp=sharing to download offline copy

Parts of a Typical Air-Conditioning Unit

An air conditioning system has the following equipment and controls.

• Compressor (outdoor) is considered as the heart of an AC system. It acts as an electric

pump that circulates the refrigerant in a close loop between the condenser and
evaporator coils. It is also the part of the AC system where compression of the gaseous
refrigeration occurs.

Refrigerant is a compound typically found in either a fluid or gaseous state. It readily

absorbs heat from the environment and can provide refrigeration or air conditioning when
combined with other components such as compressors and evaporators. Most common
refrigerant gases used in AC systems include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrocarbons (like R-290 and R-600A).

• Condenser coils (outdoor) is a network of tubes (hollow coils) filled with refrigerant
that removes heat from the heated gas refrigerant and convert the refrigerant into a
liquid form again. The excess heat escapes into the outside air.

• Expansion valve is responsible for controlling the quantity of liquid refrigerant

entering the evaporator coils.

• Evaporator is a heat exchanger coil that’s responsible for collecting heat from inside a
room through a refrigerant gas. It is where the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat and
evaporates to become gas.

• Thermostat works by sensing the temperature of the whole system so that the
system’s temperature is maintained near a desired set point. The thermostat does this by
switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or regulating the flow of heat transfer as
needed, to maintain the correct temperature.

• Filters removes dust particles in the air. It traps dust, pollen, and other airborne
particles as air moves through the AC system.

• Fan / Blower pulls air through the condenser coil for heat dispersal.

• Air Outlets can be classified as:

a. Grille refers to any air outlet or intake that consists of a square or rectangular
face and neck and whose facial appearance is made up of stationary or adjustable
louvers which may be used to deflect the air.

b. Register is simply a grille which incorporates an integral damper for air volume
control.

How an ACU works?

1. The compressor in your outdoor unit compresses the refrigerant (or "Freon") by
transferring the part of the electrical energy it consumes into a high-temperature,
high-pressure gas.
2. As that gas flows through the outdoor coil, it loses heat to the surroundings
(because the refrigerant is at a higher temperature than the outside temperature).
3. The cooled gas condenses from a liquid into a high temperature, high pressure
liquid.
4. This liquid refrigerant travels through copper tubing into the evaporator coil.
5. In the evaporator coil, the refrigerant expands. Its sudden expansion turns the
refrigerant into a low temperature, low pressure gas.
6. This cool gas then absorbs heat from the air in the room which is blown over the
evaporator coil.
7. The cooled air is distributed back through your room or multiple rooms.

8. Meanwhile, the heat absorbed by the refrigerant is carried back outside through
copper tubing and released into the outside air. So only the heat is transferred to the
outside, not the air.

Air Conditioning Symbols

The air-conditioning layout is drafted on plans. The following are the approved
acronyms:
Learning Resource 2.2: Steps in Drafting AC and AUX Layout

1. Draw or trace the outline of the scaled floor plan.

2. Locate the position of the ACU outlet and exhaust fan in your plan. You may refer to
the Power and Auxiliary Layout (Electrical Plan) to do this.
3. Determine the size (in horsepower) and the type of ACU to be used. In choosing the
right size and type of ACU to be used, you need to consider some factors such as the
room size, heat load of appliances inside the room, number of people who will be
staying in the room, and the rooms’ exposure to sunlight. You may refer to the table
below to do this step.
4. Draw the standard symbols for the type of ACU and exhaust fan to be used.

5. Complete the working drawing by supplying the required dimensions and labelling of
specifications.
Learning Task 2.1: Fill Me In!
Learning Task 2.2: Spot the Part

Learning Task 2.3: Performance Task - Draft ACU ad AUX Layout

Materials Needed:

• Oslo Paper
• Triangle/ruler/T-square
• Pencil and eraser

• Templates

Instructions:

1. Using the floor plan on below, draft the corresponding ACU and AUX layout by
following the steps previously discussed. Follow the location and position of the ACU
outlet as shown below and decide what type of AC will be used. Provide an exhaust fan
for the T&B and kitchen.
2. Use 1:100 scale.

3. Label and dimension your plan, as necessary.

Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria.

Directions:

1. Scan your output using HP Smart scanner application that can be downloaded
for free from Appstore (IOS user) and Google Play Store (Android user).
2. Rename your file
to LearningTask1.3_FoundationPlan_Yourname(LN,FN). Example: LearningTas
k1.3_FoundationPlan_DELACRUZJuan.
3. Submit your output in the Google drive link that will be provided by your
teacher. Click the Google drive link and upload your work. After uploading your
work. Right Click on your uploaded file , click Share, Edit share settings to Anyone
with the link, get and copy the link. and Submit the link here.

4.

5.
6. Mark/tick the box at the right side of the activity when submission is done.
Learning Task 2.5: Assessment
References
Books/Publications

Hundy, G.F, Trott, A., Welch, T. (2016). Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps
5th Edition. ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081006474000255

Pisupati, S. How Air Conditioners Work. John A. Dutton e-Education Institute PennState
College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. Accessed February 2018 at https://www.e-
education.psu.edu/egee102/node/2104

Websites

101 Appliance. (2020, September 21). How to Find the Proper Aircon Capacity for Your
Rooms Size. https://101appliance.com/how-to-find-the-proper-aircon-capacity-for-your-
roomsize/#:~:text=To%20get%20a%20rough%20calculation,HP%20window%20type%20
aircons%20have.

Aire Serv. (2016, June 07). What is Refrigerant and How Does it Help Your Air
Conditioner. https://www.aireserv.com/about/blog/2016/june/what-is-refrigerant-and-
how-does-it-help-your-ai/
Brain, M, Bryant C, Elliott, S. (2018, July 24). How Air Conditioners Work. Howstuffworks.
https://home.howstuffworks.com/ac2.htm

Carrier. (n.d.) Compare Carrier Air Conditioners. Accessed April 10, 2021 from
https://carrier.com.ph/compare-carrier-aircon/

FSEC Energy Research Center. (n.d.) HVAC Systems. https://energyresearch.ucf.edu/

Thiele, T. (2021, February 22). Choosing the Right Size (Capacity for Your Air Conditioner.
The Spruce. https://www.thespruce.com/air-conditioner-sizing-
1152666#:~:text=To%20calculate%20the%20size%2C%20simply,hot%2C%20sunny
%2C%20humid%20day.

Learning Competencies:

LO 1. Draft water distribution system (TLE_ICTTD9-12SP-IVa-b-1)

• Draft hot and cold water distribution systems according to Plumbing and Water Codes
• Indicate signs and symbols according to sanitary and plumbing requirements
 This lesson is designed to help you prepare a good sanitary and plumbing layout
based on the National Building Code. It is designed to familiarize students like you
with the concept of sanitary disposal of waste and the principle of introducing clean
water in to the residential unit from the source. After going through this module, you
are expected to:

1. identify the different connectors, valves, and fittings used in plumbing;

2. recognized the types of sewage disposal system;
3. draft water distribution systems and sanitary layout according to plumbing and water
codes.

The purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to consumer within appropriate

quality, quantity and pressure. Distribution system is used to describe collectively the
facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of usage.

Learning Resource 3.1: Draft Water Distribution System

Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the household through a

system of pipes. Water distribution systems for residential and commercial buildings are
conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron, or G.I. pipe.

Hot and cold water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes connected from
the source under pressure to the building fixtures through a water line distribution
system. There are two classifications of piping: industrial and residential. Industrial piping
is used to carry liquids and gases used in the manufacture of products. Steel pipe with
welded or threaded connections and fittings is used in heavy construction. Residential
piping is called plumbing and carries fresh water, gas, or liquid and solid waste. The pipe
used in plumbing is made of copper, plastic, galvanized steel, or cast iron.

Classification of Pipes for Water Distribution

1. Steel and wrought iron pipe

2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), Aluminum and stainless Steel pipes,
and CPV’C (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) pipe, and PPR pipes.

Water main refers to the public sewer system along the streets or laid underground
where the service to the household is connected. Water coming from it is under pressure
but normally could serve only houses of moderate height. A pump is installed to
augment the pressure that forces the water to move inside the pipe. The size of the
service pipe is determined by the demand of water. A maximum demand is one factor, or
the maximum discharge for plumbing fixtures and the probable demand is another,
which is the peak demand or peak load.

Connection of Pipes
Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the material and the demands of
service. Steel, brass, or bronze pipes are normally threaded and screwed into coupling
and fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent lengths of pipes and to provide changes of
direction, and branch connections at any angle and to effect a change in size.

Types of Connections for Pipes

1. Threaded connections
2. Soldered fittings
3. Connection by folded flanges
4. Solvent cement weld connections

Common Types of Fittings

1. Screwed fittings
2. Welded joints
3. Flanged joints
4. Solder joints
5. Slip fittings (for plastic pipes)

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gkr0aFYN6a21i0AHau4Z8Z6EcSl-
wwHZ/view?usp=sharing to download offline copy

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g7fsFDqqqNpBM8uJgKmzBFSGe7eV4jiV/vie
w?usp=sharing to download offline copy
The Water Line Layout
Water distribution system is the network of pipes and fittings for conveying water to
the plumbing fixtures. Whether hot or cold, water is distributed by pipes from the source
to the house. It is typically shown through an elevation drawing, on a plan, and on an
isometric drawing using the different symbols, hence is called as a schematic drawing.

The building water entrance pipe is connected to the street by means of a

corporation cock if the water is supplied by the community. The amount of water
passing through the water service is measured by the water meter. If water service is
supplied through a deep well, a water meter is not necessary. From this, the water pipes
branch out to the fixtures inside the residential unit requiring water.

Typical Plumbing System of a Single-Detached One-Storey Dwelling Unit

Clean water lines are represented on a plan by a visible line and two dashes, while
sanitary lines are represented by a bold continuous line. The fixtures are indicated by
their common symbols. Storm drainage lines are drawn with two invisible lines that run
parallel to each other. While vent pipes are bold hidden lines.

To get water to a structure for use by the tenants and to remove sewage and
unwanted water is the purpose of a plumbing system.
 Like most architectural drawings, plumbing drawings are drawn to a small scale. It
would be unrealistic to draw all fixtures and lines on the drawing paper, therefore,
schematic symbols are used for various plumbing fixtures and lines. They are used to
show the type and location of fixtures, joints values and other devices. The difference in
appearance of an orthographic drawing of fixtures and other devices with that of a
schematic drawing is shown in the figure.
Learning Resource 3.2: Steps in Drafting Water Distribution System

1. Draw or trace the outline of the scaled floor plan.

2. Indicate the location of the water fixtures such as the water closet, faucet, and shower
head, by drawing their symbols on the place you think is the most suitable location for
each.

3. Specify the position of the water meter and the check valve based on their layout and
the source of water supply. Draw the water line connection from the water supply source.
4. Draw the water line layout of the pipe fittings and the fixtures to show the different
kinds of fittings used. Write down the material used for pipe and fittings.
5. Finalize the drawing by putting the legend and abbreviations of water fixtures used in
the layout as well as the layout title and the scale used.

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/18jGC-
mT0dQ3nibRE3Lbxv4bbHxs2OGoX/view?usp=sharing to download offline copy

Learning Task 3.1: Match It Up!

Learning Task 3.2: Performance Task – Draft Water distribution system

Materials Needed:

• Oslo Paper
• Triangle/ruler/T-square
• Pencil and eraser
• Templates

Instructions:

1. Using the floor plan below, draft the corresponding water distribution layout.
2. Use 1:100 scale.

3. Label and dimension your plan, as necessary.

Directions:

1. Scan your output using HP Smart scanner application that can be downloaded for
free from Appstore (IOS user) and Google Play Store (Android user).
2. Rename your file
to LearningTask3.3_FloorFramingPlan_Yourname(LN,FN). Example: LearningTa
sk3.3_FloorFramingPlan_DELACRUZJuan.
 3. Submit your output in the Google drive link that will be provided by your teacher.
Click the Google drive link and upload your work. After uploading your work. Right
Click on your uploaded file , click Share, Edit share settings to Anyone with the link,
get and copy the link. and Submit the link here.

4.

5.
6. Mark/tick the box at the right side of the activity when submission is done.

Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria.

References

Websites

• Archtoolbox. Plumbing Valve Types.

https://www.archtoolbox.com/materialssystems/plumbing/plumbingvalvetypes.html

• Escott, M. (n.d.) Plumbing Symbols. House Plans Helper. Accessed April 8, 2021
from https://www.houseplanshelper.com/plumbing-symbols.html
• https://energyresearch.ucf.edu/ • InspectAPedia. (n.d.) Plumbing System Layout
Plan. Accessed April 8, 2021 from https://inspectapedia.com/Design/Dream-
Home-Chapter-13-Plumbing-Layout.php

• MrFixIt. (n.d.) Septic Tank Design and Construction. Accessed April 9, 2021 from
https://www.mrfixitbali.com/septic-sewage-and-wastewater/septic-tank-design-
and-construction-200.html
• North American Retail Hardware Association. Study Guide: Plumbing.
https://yournhpa.org/BasicTraining/Plumbing/Plumbing_Study_Guide.pdf
Videos

• ehowathomechannel. (2013, February 11). How to draw plumbing lines on a floor plans:
Plumbing Repairs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYikD0JTvEE

• Got2Learn. (2020, April 12). How your home plumbing works (from start to finish).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jxRn-T_LCs
• The Engineer’s Insight. (2020, October 18). Sizing of Drainage, Waste and Vent Pipe
│Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. https://youtu.be/2-p2-qQL_BM

• The Engineer’s Insight. (2020, September 6). Sizing of Water Supply Pipe │Revised
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. https://youtu.be/a9Xucy0A3Zw

• Learning Competencies:

LO 1. Draft sanitary and storm drainage (TLE_ICTTD9-12SP-IVc-d-2)

• Draw sewerage plan layout according to Plumbing Code

• Draft storm drainage plan according to Plumbing Code
• Draw details and symbols according to sanitary and plumbing requirements

This lesson is designed to help you prepare a good sanitary and plumbing
layout based on the National Building Code. It is designed to familiarize students
like you with the concept of sanitary disposal of waste and the principle of
introducing clean water in to the residential unit from the source. After going
through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the different connectors, valves, and fittings used in plumbing;
2. recognized the types of sewage disposal system;
3. draft water distribution systems and sanitary layout according to plumbing
 and water codes; and
4. indicate signs and symbols based on sanitary and plumbing requirements.

This lesson is designed to familiarize students with the concept of sanitary disposal of
waste and the principle of introducing clean water into the residential unit from the
source.

Learning Resource 4.1: Sanitary and Storm drainage

Sanitary installation is referred to as the network of pipes and fittings that carry off
wastes and each plumbing fixture is titled with the appropriate pipe and fitting. The
discharges are conveyed to the septic vault.
Storm drainage system consists of pipes, fittings, catch basins, area drain and is
intended for getting rid of water from the building roof and its surrounding and is
conveyed to the street sewer. The storm drainage is considered part of the plumbing
system.

The pipe used for sanitary and storm drainage most common to homeowners and
contractors are the plastic pipe or Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes and the concrete pipe
for area drain.

Types of Sewage Disposal System

 The sanitary system is of two types: the intercepting and the tributary or contributing
sewer. The intercepting type is constructed with concrete pipes while the tributary sewer
is laid in an open trench and is made of vitrified clay or bricks.

There are different types of sewage disposal system, from the old to the more scientific
ones.

1. Cesspool is an underground tank that collects and stores sewage upon its removal
from the property. The sewage and wastewater are not processed at all, and no effluent
is passed into the environment. As a result, it fills ups quickly and requires regular
emptying, usually on a monthly basis.

2. Privy is a type of sewage disposal that consist of a watertight vault constructed of of

concrete for the collection or raw sewage and a wooden shelter; must be 15m to 45 m
away from the water supply; vault should be supplied with a ventilation and be screened
and protected from vermin and flies.

3. Septic Tank system converts solid wastes into liquid by bacterial action. The wastes
flow into a septic tank some distance away from the house. The liquid waste flows thru
to the sewer line while the sludge remains at the digestion chamber of the tank. Septic
tanks that are constructed with reinforced concrete should be located at a safe distance
from the source of potable water and should be airtight.

The size and type of the system varies according to the number of people served, the
contour, and soil type.
4. Public Sewer Line refers to a sewer connected to the public sewer network usually
lying within a street or right-of-way and which is owned and controlled by the city.

The Drainage System

 The drainage system is sometimes referred to as the DWV or the drain-waste vent
system. It is the network of pipes and fittings that carry off wastes and discharges
conveyed to the septic vault. It removes the wastewater and water-borne wastes from
the plumbing fixtures and appliances and at the same time provide circulation of air
within the drainage piping.

The construction and installation of this must conform to the provisions of the
building and plumbing codes. Some of the general requirements are as follows:

1. Pipes must be fitted and tightly connected to avoid leakage.

2. Ventilation must convey gases to the atmosphere.
3. Each fixture must be provided with a suitable trap to prevent backflow or gases.
4. The fixture must be re-vented to avoid siphoning of the water seal.
5. Drainage pipes should be sloped or graded properly.
6. Drainage pipes should be provided with adequate clean out for maintenance
purposes.

The waste pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture except water should be
installed at 2% or 20mm slope per meter run. The size of the waste pipe is to be
considered in the installation as this pipe serves fixture discharges. And when the pipe
must be opened in case of trouble, a clean-out should also be installed and must be
accessible to the plumber.

Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zo_MMxhTA3XppdrXcIb9EZgRZHGJJmop/view?us
p=sharing to download offline copy
Learning Resource 4.2: Steps in Drafting Sanitary and Storm Drainage Layout

1. Draw or trace the outline of the scaled floor plan.

2. Locate the septic vault outside the building. Refer to the table (previously discussed)
to determine the size of the septic tank based on the expected number of persons to be
served.

3. Draw and indicate the location of the different storm drainage fixtures (catch basin).
4. Indicate the location of the different sanitary fixtures by drawing their symbols on the
area where they are best located.

5. Draw the layout, gray water collection should be connected to the catch basin or
directly connected to sewer line and the septic vault with the sewer line connecting to
the street sewer. Indicate the size of pipes and fittings used by drawing their symbols on
the sewer line.
6. Finalize the drawing by putting the legend and abbreviations of water fixtures used in
the layout as well as the layout title and the scale used.
Click https://drive.google.com/file/d/11rzctgUp5xt7HoN4jCG1Ug42_s5B732T/view?usp=
sharing to download offline copy
Learning Task 4.1: Fill Me In!
Learning Task 4.2: Performance Task – Draft Sanitary Layout

Materials Needed:

• Oslo Paper
• Triangle/ruler/T-square
• Pencil and eraser
• Templates
Instructions:

1. Using the floor plan below, draft the corresponding sanitary layout by following the
steps previously discussed. Follow the location of the water closets, lavatories, faucets,
kitchen sink, and floor drain.

2. Use 1:100 scale.

3. Label and dimension your plan, as necessary.

Directions:

1. Scan your output using HP Smart scanner application that can be downloaded
for free from Appstore (IOS user) and Google Play Store (Android user).
2. Rename your file
to LearningTask4.3_RoofFramingPlan_Yourname(LN,FN). Example: LearningT
ask4.3_RoofFramingPlan_DELACRUZJuan.
3. Submit your output in the Google drive link that will be provided by your
teacher. Click the Google drive link and upload your work. After uploading your
work. Right Click on your uploaded file , click Share, Edit share settings to Anyone
with the link, get and copy the link. and Submit the link here.

4.

5.
6. Mark/tick the box on the right side of the activity when submission is done.
Learning Task 4.3: Assessment
References
Websites

o Archtoolbox. Plumbing Valve Types.

https://www.archtoolbox.com/materialssystems/plumbing/plumbingvalvetypes.
html
o Escott, M. (n.d.) Plumbing Symbols. House Plans Helper. Accessed April 8,
2021 from https://www.houseplanshelper.com/plumbing-symbols.html
o https://energyresearch.ucf.edu/ • InspectAPedia. (n.d.) Plumbing System
Layout Plan. Accessed April 8, 2021 from
https://inspectapedia.com/Design/Dream-Home-Chapter-13-Plumbing-
Layout.php
o MrFixIt. (n.d.) Septic Tank Design and Construction. Accessed April 9, 2021
from https://www.mrfixitbali.com/septic-sewage-and-wastewater/septic-tank-
design-and-construction-200.html
o North American Retail Hardware Association. Study Guide: Plumbing.
https://yournhpa.org/BasicTraining/Plumbing/Plumbing_Study_Guide.pdf

Videos

• ehowathomechannel. (2013, February 11). How to draw plumbing lines on a floor plans:
Plumbing Repairs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYikD0JTvEE
• Got2Learn. (2020, April 12). How your home plumbing works (from start to finish).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jxRn-T_LCs
• The Engineer’s Insight. (2020, October 18). Sizing of Drainage, Waste and Vent Pipe
│Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. https://youtu.be/2-p2-qQL_BM
• The Engineer’s Insight. (2020, September 6). Sizing of Water Supply Pipe │Revised
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. https://youtu.be/a9Xucy0A3Zw