A

TERM PAPER
ON
A COMPRENSIVE SAFETY PROGRAM OF YOUR COMPANY

WRITTEN BY
JOSEPH, ISRAEL IME
OF JOPROS CONSTRUCTION LIMITED

AK16/ENG/MAE/033
MARINE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

COURSE CODE:

ENG 511

COURSE TITLE:

ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND LAW

SUBMITTED TO
ENGR. DR. AFANGIDEH
COURSE LECTURER
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
AKWA IBOM STATE COMPANY
MAIN CAMPUS, MKPAT ENIN LGA
 PREFACE

JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED is committed to an environment that is free from

recognized safety hazards and complies with applicable laws concerning hazardous
chemicals, radiation, fire prevention, occupational health & safety, asbestos abatement,
and handicapped accessibility. Chapter one, gives a detailed description of the company
including its goals, vision statement, mission statement as well as its core values.
Chapter two, describes the company’s safety program, which involves, key safety
personnels, safety goals, policies, safety trainings and awareness programs. Description
of safety plans for each respective jobs and equipment handlings. It also went further to
highlight the importance of using the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs)
in the factory to prevent and control accidents in the factory.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This material was compiled by me. Thanks for the help resources materials I consulted in
the course of compiling this term paper.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Safety Policy

3.0 Organization

4.0 Functions of the Safety Office

7.0 Radiation Safety

8.0 Hazardous Waste Management

9.0 Fire Safety

10.0 Occupational Safety

11.0 Occupational Health

12.0 Hazard Communication

13.0 Environmental Health

14.0 Emergency Preparedness

15.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

16.0 References
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED is committed to an environment that is free from

recognized safety hazards and complies with applicable laws concerning hazardous
chemicals, radiation, fire prevention, occupational health & safety, asbestos abatement,
and handicapped accessibility. To effectively meet the goal of reducing accidents and
illnesses the Company has developed this Comprehensive Safety Plan. The Plan is
managed by the Environmental Health and Safety Office and reviewed annually to meet
the appropriate needs of the Company. The purpose of the plan is to provide guidance
and direction for the environmental health and safety program at the Company.

The main goal of safety and health programs is to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses,
and deaths, as well as the suffering and financial hardship these events can cause for
workers, their families, and employers. The recommended practices use a proactive
approach to managing workplace safety and health. Traditional approaches are often
reactive –that is, problems are addressed only after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a
new standard or regulation is published, or an outside inspection finds a problem that
must be fixed. These recommended practices recognize that finding and fixing hazards
before they cause injury or illness is a far more effective approach.
The idea is to begin with a basic program and simple goals and grow from there. If you
focus on achieving goals, monitoring performance, and evaluating outcomes, your
workplace can progress along the path to higher levels of safety and health achievement.
Employers will find that implementing these recommended practices also brings other
benefits. Safety and health programs help businesses:

 Prevent workplace injuries and illnesses

 Improve compliance with laws and regulations
 Reduce costs, including significant reductions in workers' compensation
premiums
 Engage workers
 Enhance their social responsibility goals
 Increase productivity and enhance overall business operations
 CHAPTER TWO

Introduction

2.0 Safety Policy

Protecting the health and safety of employees, students, visitors, and the environment is
of primary concern to JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED. This goal can be met by
developing a comprehensive environmental health and safety program that strives to
eliminate or reduce hazards. JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED takes an active role in
identifying hazards before injuries and illnesses occur. An effective safety program can
benefit the Company community by reducing illnesses and injuries to personnel,
preventing property damage, and preserving g the environment. JOPROS
ENGINEERING LIMITED will make every reasonable effort to promote, create, and
maintain a safe and healthful environment through adherence to basic safety principles,
sound management practices, and compliance with applicable federal, state, and local
standards. A written Safety Policy, approved by the president of the Company and the
Company Safety Department, has been developed. The policy outlines the basic
responsibilities for environmental health and safety concerns at the Company. It stresses
that every effort will be made to reduce accidents, confirms compliance with applicable
health and safety regulations, and emphasizes the Company's commitment to a safe and
healthful operation.

3.0 ORGANIZATION

Safety and Health Department

A Company Safety and Health Department has been developed to oversee the
Environmental Health and Safety Program at the Company. The Department performs the
following functions:

 Reviews inspections, accidents, and employee complaints.

 Recommends, reviews, and approves policies, regulations, and manuals.
 Increases safety awareness and encourages compliance with safety rules.
 Recommends corrective actions.
 Monitors the operation of facilities and users.
 Reviews violations for failure to comply with regulations.
 Evaluates the effectiveness of the environmental health and safety program.
 Analyzes accident and injury data with the goal of reducing accidents.

Members include the Fire Safety Inspector, Safety Manager, Environmental Inspector,
Facilities Director, and representatives from academia, housekeeping, facilities
management, laboratories, and the student body. Sub Departments concerned with
specific hazards are formed from the main Department as needed. Meetings are held
quarterly.

Environmental Health & Safety Office

The purpose of the Environmental Health and Safety Office is to ensure the safety and
physical wellbeing of the faculty, staff, and students at the Company. The program's
overall objective is to reduce the number and severity of illnesses and injuries on campus
by reducing or eliminating hazards. This objective is achieved through inspections,
environmental surveillance, training, hazardous chemical management, and plans review.
These efforts are channeled into several specialty areas including: fire protection,
radiation safety, hazardous materials management, laboratory safety, occupational health
& safety, asbestos management, and environmental health.

Environmental Health & Safety Manager

The Company Environmental Health & Safety Manager ensures that faculty, staff, and
students are provided with a working/living environment that is free from physical harm
by identifying and correcting possible hazards related to the daily operation of the
Company. The Safety Manager develops, implements, and maintains Company safety
regulations to ensure compliance with applicable OSHA, NRC, EPA, DOT, NFPA, and
State requirements. Reporting to the Director of Facility Planning & Construction, the
Safety Manager is responsible for managing the Company's safety programs, including
environmental hazards, asbestos, hazardous waste, emergency response, radiation safety,
fire safety, general safety, and safety training.

Employee Participation

In order to have an effective health and safety program, employee participation and
cooperation are essential. Employee support is actively sought through employee safety
Departments, suggestion programs, workplace inspections, participation in writing rules,
and training sessions. Employee safety Departments are actively encouraged and
supported. Small employee safety units are organized by the Safety Office to directly
solicit employee input into the safety program. Employees select their own
representatives and meet monthly or quarterly to discuss safety concerns with the Safety
Manager.

An employee suggestion program has been created to allow employees to anonymously

cite safety problems and offer corrective actions. Employees are encouraged to develop
their own safety training sessions on a voluntary basis. Consideration is also being given
to allowing employees to identify and correct hazards in their work areas by conducting
routine inspections. Employee comments are actively sought by the Safety Manager
when writing safety rules and regulations.
4.0 Functions of the Safety Office

The Environmental Health and Safety Office conducts inspections, performs industrial
hygiene sampling, recommends methods to correct hazardous conditions, develops
procedures, provides training to employees and students, investigates accidents and
occupational illnesses, maintains records, and monitors and evaluates program
performance. The purpose of the program is to improve the safety and health of the work
environment by reducing hazardous condition that can cause occupational illnesses and
injuries. The safety office strives to accomplish its goals by gaining the cooperation of
employees through guidance and counseling rather than enforcement. Top management
has made the commitment to allocate resources, develop programs, provide training, and
provide the necessary personal protective equipment to ensure a safe and healthy work
environment.

Employee Safety Training

Nigeria law requires that employees be trained in the safe methods of performing their
job. Jopros Engineering Ltd. is committed to instructing all employees in healthy and
safe work practices. Awareness of potential hazards, as well as knowledge of how to
control them, is critical in maintaining a healthy and safe work environment in
preventing injuries. To achieve this goal, we will provide training to each employee on
general safety issues and safety procedures specific to that employee's work
assignment.

Every new field employee will be given instruction by his or her supervisor in the
general safety requirements of their job. A copy of our Code of Safe Practices shall
also be provided to each employee.

Field managers, supervisors, and employees will be trained at least twice per year on
various incident prevention topics.

Training provides the following benefits:

 Makes employees aware of job hazards
 Teaches employees to perform jobs safely
 Promotes two-way communication
 Encourages safety suggestions
 Creates interest in the safety program
 Fulfills CAL-OSHA requirements Employee training will be provided at the

following times:

1. New field employees will receive a safety orientation.

 2. New field employees will be given a copy of the Code of Safe Practices and
required to read and sign for it.

3. Employees given a new job assignment, for which training has not been
previously provided, will be trained before beginning the new assignment.
4. Whenever new substances, processes, procedures, or equipment that
represent a new hazard are introduced into the workplace.
5. Whenever Jopros Engineering Ltd. is made aware of a new or previously
unrecognized hazard.
6. Whenever management believes that additional training is necessary.
7. After all serious incidents.
8. When employees are not following safe work policies and procedures.
Training topics will include, but are not be limited to:

 Code of Safe Practices

 Employee’s safety responsibility
 General safety rules
 Safe job procedures
 Ergonomics
 Safe lifting and material handling practices
 Use of hazardous materials
 Use of equipment
 Emergency procedures
 Contents of the safety program
Documentation of Training:

All training will be documented on the following form:

“New Employee Safety Orientation Form”

The following training method should be used. Actual demonstrations of the proper
way to perform a task are very helpful in most cases.

 Instruct them how to do the job safely.

 Train them how to do the job safely.
 Have them tell you how to do the job safely?
 Have them show you how to do the job safely?
 Follow up to ensure they are still performing the job safely.
 Field Employee Safety Training

The supervisor will verbally cover the following items with each new field employee on the
first day of their employment.

Employee Name: Start Date:

Safety Manager/Supervisor:
Employee Position:

Instruction has been received in the following areas:

1. Code of Safe Practices, Jobsite Rules, Construction 101 and Safety Forms. *
2. Hazard Communication (Right to Know Policy)
3. Driving Safety Rules. *
4. Safety rule enforcement procedures.
5. Necessity of reporting ALL injuries, no matter how minor, IMMEDIATELY.
6. Proper method of reporting safety hazards.
7. Emergency procedures and First Aid.
8. Proper work clothing and required personal protective equipment.
9. List all special equipment, such as lifts, employee is trained and authorized
to operate.
10. Emergency Exits and Fire Extinguishers.

* Give a copy of these items to the employee.

Note any special requirements:

____________________________________________________________________________
I agree to abide by all company safety polices and the Code of Safe Practices. I also
understand that failure to do so may result in disciplinary action or possible termination.

Signature:
(Employee)

Signature:
(Safety Manager / Supervisor
Accident Investigations

All work related accidents and incidents are investigated or reviewed by the Safety
Manager, in cooperation with supervision, to determine the causes and to recommend
corrective actions to eliminate or minimize the event. An Accident Investigation Form
(PDF) is used. All accident reports are filed with the Human Resources Department and a
copy of the First Report of Injury is sent to the Safety Office for review. Emphasis is
placed on the importance of reporting all accidents and incidents to supervision, whether
they result in personal injuries, illnesses, property damage, or near misses. Accident
investigations are based on fact finding, not fault finding. Based on the investigation
conducted by the Safety Office the following actions may be taken:

 A work order may be executed to make appropriate repairs to eliminate or control

a hazard.
 The employee may be counseled about safe practices.
 A safety program may be created to include procedures and training.
 Personal protective equipment may be issued.

Recordkeeping

Environmental health and safety regulatory agencies require employers to maintain

certain records. The maintenance of good records is important in showing control over
safety programs, defending the Company against law suits, monitoring the effectiveness
of the safety program, analyzing accident trends, and justifying program expenditures.
The Safety Manager maintains employee training records, inspection reports, accident
investigations, industrial hygiene reports, environmental reports, and hazardous waste
manifests. The Human Resources Department maintains records on occupational injuries
and illnesses (OSHA forms, 200 and 101), and medical records.

Program Monitoring and Evaluation

The Safety Manager and the Director of Facility Planning & Construction monitors
routine activities of the safety program to ensure they are carried out as planned. The
purpose of monitoring is to identify potential problems early so that appropriate
corrective actions can be taken. The status of the following activities is routinely
checked:

 Routine inspections of facilities and equipment are performed at agreed upon

frequencies.
 Re-inspections are conducted in a timely manner to monitor progress toward
compliance.
 Accident and incident investigations are fully completed.
 Proper training is given when new employees are hired or their job changes.
  Rules and regulations are updated as needed.
 Required records are kept up-to-date.
 Regular safety meetings are held.

The direction, effectiveness, and efficiency of the safety program are periodically
evaluated by the Safety Manager, Director of Facility Planning & Construction. Since the
overall goal of the safety program is to reduce the number and severity of illnesses and
injuries, the Safety Manager periodically examines accident reports to compare present
statistics with the past. These data may point out areas of program success or failure and
can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the safety program. Additional funds staffing,
or a change in direction may be indicated. In addition to an internal evaluation, the Safety
Office mails an annual evaluation form to departments soliciting opinions and
suggestions to improve safety services to the campus community.

8.0 Hazardous Waste Management

Program

Hazardous waste is strictly regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This Act mandates a "cradle-to-grave" system
for managing hazardous waste. The purpose of the hazardous waste management
program at JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED is to protect human health and the
environment from improper waste management practices.

The hazardous waste management program is designed to coordinate the collection,

classification, analysis, packing, and shipping of waste chemicals generated at the
Company. The program is managed by the Safety Manager with the assistance of the
Laboratory Manager. A Hazardous Waste Management Manual has been written that
describes procedures to collect, store, and dispose of hazardous waste. Sections include
responsibilities, waste reduction, definitions, restrictions, containers, proper storage,
handling of hazardous waste, and procedures for chemical spills. Individual generators of
hazardous waste are responsible for ensuring that waste is handled properly before pick
up by the Safety Manager. Hazardous waste is disposed of at least twice a year by a
licensed hazardous waste management service. Manifests are maintained by the Safety
Manager. Required hazardous waste reports are completed by the Safety Manager.

Hazardous Waste Streams

The Company is a small quantity generator producing between 100 and 1000 kg of
hazardous waste per month. Several hazardous waste streams have been identified on
campus. Departments producing hazardous waste include Printing, Art, Facilities
Management, Chemistry, Biology, Boiler Plant, Drama, and Photography. The largest
producer of waste is Facilities Management which generates approximately one 55-gallon
drum of flammable liquids per month. Efforts are underway to reduce the quantity of
these solvents. One approach being considered is the use of latex and low solvent paints.
Darkrooms generate approximately 20 gallons of waste fixer per month. The Company is
planning to purchase a silver recovery unit to reduce the cost of disposal of this waste
stream. Proper containers, labels, training, and a copy of the Hazardous Waste
Management Manual are given to generators.

Emergency Response

Emergency procedures for hazardous waste spills have been written and are included in
the Emergency Response Plan. Several spill kits have been distributed to departments
using chemicals. Individuals involved in hazardous waste management are trained in the
proper methods to handle a spill. The Safety Manager serves as the primary emergency
contact in case of a spill.

Waste Minimization

A waste minimization plan has been written that outlines procedures departments can use
to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated at the Company. This Plan is included
in the Hazardous Waste Manual. Recommendations include the purchase of smaller
quantities, using less toxic materials, recycling, maintaining a chemical inventory to
reduce duplicate purchases, cleaning out old stocks to remove potential explosives, and
the use of microscale techniques in laboratories. These procedures have been issued to all
affected departments.

Training

The Safety Manager has taken the 40-hour Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response (HAZWOPER) course. This course allows the Safety Manager to conduct
training at the hazardous materials awareness, operations, and technician level. Police
Officers and Facilities Management employees are trained at the awareness level. The
Laboratory Manager is trained at the technician level. Generators are trained at the
appropriate level depending on their involvement with hazardous waste.

Storage

Satellite storage areas are located in the Chemistry Department, Facilities Management,
Art Department, and darkrooms. Waste is properly stored in these areas and then taken to
two storage lockers behind the Boiler Plant before disposal by a licensed hazardous waste
firm.

Infectious Waste
Infectious waste containing human blood or other potentially infectious materials are
double bagged in red plastic bags and disposed by a licensed firm. Disposal sites are
located in Student Health, and the Athletic Training Room. Infectious waste is either
steam autoclaved or incinerated. Manifests are maintained by the Safety Office. Small
quantities of infectious waste generated in microbiology laboratories are steam
autoclaved on-site.

9.0 Fire Safety

Responsibilities

The Campus Fire Safety Inspector is responsible for ensuring that all Company facilities
comply with applicable fire codes. This is accomplished by on-site inspections, review of
proposed construction plans, and ensuring that recommendations made by the Virginia
State Fire Marshal's Office are completed. The Fire Safety Inspector also provides
training in fire safety to all departments on campus, investigates fires on campus for
cause and origin, and ensures that fire safety systems are properly installed, tested, and
maintained in a safe and operational condition. The Fire Safety Inspector reports directly
to the Company Safety Manager.

Fire Safety Plan

A Fire Safety Plan has been developed for the Company. The Plan is designed to provide
instructions for identifying, monitoring, and addressing fire safety issues at JOPROS
ENGINEERING LIMITED. The Plan describes emergency procedures, drills,
inspections, training, and procedures to use in the event of a fire. In addition, the Fire
Safety Plan describes duties and responsibilities of building wardens, floor wardens,
campus police, and provides for notification of campus administrators and decision
making authority. The Plan is evaluated and revised annually by the Safety Manager and
the Fire Safety Inspector.

Reporting a Fire

Pull alarm stations are located throughout the major buildings on campus. If an alarm is
heard in the Residential Halls, the building and/or floor warden will call the fire
department at 911 and the campus police at 1-5500. Building and/or floor wardens will
assist in the evacuation of the floor, close all doors, keep all persons at a safe distance
from the building, and direct the fire department to the scene of the fire. In academic
buildings, the Fire Safety Inspector shall perform these duties. The senior fire safety
person at the scene will decide when the building can be re-entered. Individuals in
buildings without pull stations will call the fire department directly.
Fire Department

The Radford City Fire Department is located approximately two miles from campus.
Traveling time is 3-5 minutes. The department maintains a full time staff of seven and a
volunteer staff of thirty. The Radford City Fire Department has two pumper trucks, a
mini-pumper, one utility truck, a pickup truck, and a 95-foot aerial platform.

Drills

Fire drills in the residential halls are conducted monthly by the Resident Directors in
cooperation with the Fire Safety Inspector and Building Wardens. The Building Warden
issues a report to the Fire Safety Inspector. Fire drills in academic buildings are
conducted as needed under the supervision of the Fire Safety Inspector.

Fire Suppression Equipment

The Company maintains appropriate fire suppression systems in each building to include:
fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, standpipes, interior hose packs, automatic halon
extinguishing systems, and fire hydrants strategically placed throughout the campus.
Approximately 1000 portable fire extinguishers are located on campus. The Fire Safety
Inspector is responsible for training, inspecting, testing, and refilling fire extinguishers.
Fire extinguishers are inspected monthly. An inventory of all fire extinguishers on
campus is maintained by the Fire Safety Inspector. Currently, code numbers are placed
on all fire extinguishers. The possibility of using a bar-code system for marking
extinguishers is being explored. Building and Floor Wardens assist the Fire Safety
Inspector in the Resident Halls.

Approximately 50 standpipes are inspected every year for water flow by personnel in
Facilities Management. Automatic sprinkler systems are located in the following
buildings: Dalton, Russell, Norwood, Muse, Preston Stage, Porterfield Stage, Davis hall,
and the Dedmon Center. All systems are inspected quarterly by an outside contractor.
Fire suppression systems in the kitchens are inspected and cleaned by an outside
contractor. Hoods and ducts are cleaned quarterly. Filters are inspected and changed as
needed. Fusible links are replaced every six months. The Fire Safety Inspector conducts
periodic inspections to oversee the work of the contractors.

10.0 Occupational Safety

Personal Protective Equipment

Procedures for the use of personnel protective equipment (PPE) have been written. PPE is
required to protect workers from workplace hazards and contaminants when engineering
and administrative controls are inadequate. The need for PPE is decided by the Safety
Manager in cooperation with supervision. All PPE is approved by the Safety Manager.
Management may determine specific types of safety equipment based on price, comfort,
and style. Personnel are trained by the Safety Manager in the proper use and maintenance
of PPE. Personal safety equipment, except safety shoes and prescription safety glasses, is
supplied by the Company at no cost to employees. Employees are expected to wear
assigned PPE and are subject to disciplinary action for not wearing the equipment.

The following types of PPE are available to workers at the Company:

1. Protective eye and face equipment is required where there is a reasonable probability
of injury to the eyes. Tasks include using hand and power tools, handling toxic or
corrosive chemicals, grinding, welding, and machine operations. Eye and face
equipment meets the requirements of ANSI Z87.1.
2. Protective hard hats are worn whenever there is possible danger of head injury. Hard
hats are worn to protect workers from falling objects such as tools, bricks, boards,
equipment, building materials, and scaffolds. Protective helmets meet the
requirements of ANSI Z89.1.
3. Proper safety shoes are required in areas where there is a reasonable probability of
falling objects or slipping. Safety shoes with steel toes are worn by employees
routinely exposed to objects weighing more than 15 pounds. Slip resistant shoes are
required in areas that have a high potential for slippage, e.g., kitchens. Safety-toe
footwear meets the requirements of ANSI Z41.1.
4. Hearing protective devices such as ear plugs, canal caps, and ear muffs are worn by
employees exposed to noise levels above 90 dB TWA. Employees exposed to noise
levels above 85 dB TWA are enrolled in a hearing conservation program. The Safety
Manager conducts noise surveys of the workplace using a Simpson Sound Level
Meter Type S2A to determine employee exposure.
5. Employees exposed to an elevated fall hazards higher than 6 feet are provided with
safety harnesses securely attached to a lifeline or part of the structure.
6. Protective clothing is worn to protect workers from potential harm to the body from
exposure associated with hazardous work. Employees who handle corrosive or toxic
chemicals are issued suitable protective clothing.
7. Employees are protected by suitable gloves when it is necessary to protect the worker
from rough, sharp edged objects, temperature extremes, toxic or corrosive chemicals,
infectious agents, and energized electrical equipment. Rubber protective gloves used
by electrical workers conform to ANSI standards.

Lockout/Tagout

The Company has established a lockout/tagout program to ensure that equipment is

isolated from potentially hazardous energy, and locked and tagged out prior to
maintenance. The program includes procedures for shutdown, equipment isolation,
lockout/tagout, release of stored energy, verification of isolation, and training. Tags,
individual locks, gang locks, valve locks, plug locks, and chains have been purchased.
Training is provided by the Safety Manager to ensure that the purpose and function of the
energy control program are understood by affected employees. Periodic inspections are
conducted by the Safety Manager to ensure compliance with lockout/tagout procedures.

Electrical Safety

This program addresses electrical safety requirements that are necessary for the
safeguarding of employees in their workplaces. The program is designed to address
concerns that electricity is a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to electric
shock, electrocution, fires and explosions. This program covers electrical safety work
practices for qualified and unqualified persons. Qualified persons are those who are
familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and the hazards involved.
They are permitted to work on or near exposed energized parts and have been trained in
avoiding electrical hazards. Unqualified persons are those with little or no such training.

Confined Spaces

Procedures have been written to allow workers to safely enter confined spaces. Confined
spaces have small openings, are not meant for human occupancy, and may contain a
hazardous atmosphere (e.g., manholes). Before entering a confined space, the atmosphere
is tested for oxygen, combustible gases, and toxic gases using a Lumidor GasPro Plus
Monitor. Testing is performed by the Safety Manager or other qualified individual. All
personnel involved in confined space work receive appropriate training in hazard
recognition, personal protective equipment, communications equipment, and rescue
procedures. Training is conducted by the Safety Manager. An entry permit is completed
by a qualified person before entering the confined space. Appropriate rescue and
ventilation equipment has been purchased. The Radford City Fire Department serves as
the rescue team in case of an emergency. The Safety Manager visits sites to ensure that
an entry permit has been completed and workers are wearing proper rescue equipment.

Fall Protection

A Fall Protection Program has been written for the Company to ensure that employees
are protected from fall hazards greater than six feet. Each year, falls consistently account
for the greatest number of fatalities in the construction industry, and are a major concern
in other industries. Events surrounding these accidents involve a number of factors,
including unstable working surfaces, misuse of fall protection equipment, and human
error. The use of guardrails, fall arrest systems, safety nets, covers, and travel restriction
systems can prevent many deaths and injuries. A training program has been developed
that covers fall protection systems such as guardrails, safety nets, personal fall arrest
systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, and covers. The proper use of
safety harnesses, lanyards, rope grabs, and safety lines are also discussed and
demonstrated.

Tools and Equipment

Accident prevention begins with the proper inspection use, and storage of tools and
equipment. A program is planned to ensure that tools and equipment are used safely. The
Safety Manager will develop procedures and train affected employees. Emphasis will be
placed on selecting the right tool for the job, using tools correctly and safely, keeping
them in good condition, and storing them properly. Power tools are inspected for proper
cords, plugs, and grounding pins. Procedures and training are planned for safely using
ladders, scaffolds, woodworking machines, and providing proper guarding on machines.

Materials Handling and Storage

Procedures have been written for materials handling and storage. The Safety Manager
conducts training classes in proper lifting techniques and back injury prevention. An
adequate number of material handling equipment is present such as carts, drum trucks,
and hand trucks. The Safety Manager plans to conduct a Job Safety Analysis of tasks to
ensure that materials are being handled properly. An ergonomics approach to materials
handling is also being actively pursued. Examples include reducing the size of the load,
changing the height of a pallet or shelf, or installing a mechanical lifting aid.

Powered Industrial Trucks

A program has been developed to ensure that forklift trucks, pallet trucks, and motorized
hand trucks are operated safely. Only qualified operators who have received training in
safe operations are permitted to operate powered industrial trucks on campus. Training is
conducted by the Safety Manager and an experienced driver. The training program
consists of a lecture on proper procedures, video tape, and an evaluation of driving skills.
Authorized drivers must pass a driving test. Powered industrial trucks are inspected
before operation and receive regular maintenance as recommended by the manufacturer.

DOT Drug/Alcohol Testing for CDL Drivers

The Company has developed a program for CDL drivers on campus that is conformity
with Department of Transportation Regulations. The program is designed to prevent
accidents from the misuse of alcohol or use of controlled substances.  The rule requires
that covered employees be tested for five specific drugs as well as alcohol, and sets the
times, terms, and conditions of testing. Pre-employment, random, post-accident, and
reasonable suspicion testing are required. It mandates privacy in collection techniques,
confirmation of positive results, collection of split samples, and confidentiality of results.
The program also includes provisions for treating employees in need of assistance due to
misuse of alcohol or illegal use of controlled substances.

Excavation/Trenching

A program has been developed to protect employees from hazards that may be
encountered while working in trenches and excavations. The program includes provisions
for employee training, hazard identification and control, and safe work practices that
must be followed while working in an excavation or trench.

Welding, Cutting & Brazing

Welding, cutting, and brazing are hazardous activities that pose a combination of both
safety and health risks to workers. The risk from fatal injuries alone is more than four
deaths per thousand workers over a working lifetime. JOPROS ENGINEERING
LIMITED has developed a program to protect workers from the hazards associated with
these operations. The program covers fire prevention, confined spaces, protection of
personnel, and ventilation.

Pressure Equipment

All pressure vessels such as boilers are inspected yearly by a licensed state inspector.
Records are maintained by Facilities Management. Compressed gas cylinders are stored
in compliance with OSHA regulations. Flammable and oxidizing cylinders are separated
by 20 feet or by a 5-foot high wall that has a half-hour fire rating. Cylinders are secured
by chains or wire cage while in storage. Empty cylinders are separated from full
cylinders. Periodic inspections are conducted by the Safety Manager to ensure
compliance with OSHA regulations.

Vehicles

All vehicles are inspected routinely by Facilities Management to ensure safe operation. A
safety checklist is being prepared for mechanics to ensure that proper routine
maintenance is performed. The Safety Manager plans to conduct defensive driving
courses for campus personnel. All Company owned vehicles on campus have safety belts
and drivers are required to wear them.

Contractors

Contractors are expected to abide by applicable OSHA, EPA, and State regulations while
on campus. Contractors must take steps to protect the health and safety of employees,
students, and visitors while performing their work. Contractors must enforce safety rules
among their employees and obey Company safety rules. The Company Safety Manager
has the authority to shut down work that is deemed an imminent hazard. The Purchasing
Department has the authority to stop operations if a violation of Company procedures is
noted. Prior to a contractor beginning work, a precontract performance conference may
be held. Special safety conditions or restrictions concerning the job are discussed with the
Safety Manager as well as an evaluation of the safety program of the contractor.

Ergonomics

The Company recognizes the importance of designing the job and workplace to fit the
worker. This allows work to be done with a minimum of physical and mental stress.
Improving the design of the workplace can improve employee morale, increase
productivity, and reduce injuries. The Company is committed to improving the
ergonomic environment in the workplace. The Safety Manager manages the Ergonomics
Program at the Company by analyzing work methods and work places using basic
ergonomic principles, identifying ergonomic problems, establishing priorities, and
resolving problems with the assistance of supervision. The Safety Manager will perform
an Ergonomic Task Analysis of the workplace with the goal of collecting data to identify
problem work environments and processes. Emphasis is placed on manual material
handling and repetitive motion injuries.

11.0 Occupational Health

In addition to making the workplace safe for workers, the Safety Office works with
supervisors and management to ensure that the workplace is free from recognized health
hazards.

Industrial Hygiene

The Safety Office monitors the workplace to determine conditions that may have an
adverse effect on health, are uncomfortable or irritating, or that may affect the ability of
workers to perform their normal tasks. Several instrument are available in the Safety
Office to monitor the workplace. These include air monitoring equipment, noise meter,
radiation survey meter, light meter, gas meters, and an air flow monitor.

Indoor Air Quality

The Safety Office is responsible for responding to indoor air quality complaints. All
complaints are investigated and an indoor air quality questionnaire is completed by
complainants. Facilities Management works with the Safety Office in alleviating air
quality complaints. If indicated, the Safety Manager can monitor the air for suspected
contaminants using a Lumidor Gas Monitor, a Sensidyne Gas Detector and an air
sampling pump.
Respiratory Protection

JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED has developed a respiratory protection program to

permit employees to work safely in hazardous atmospheres. This is accomplished by
ensuring that employees are properly trained, the correct respirator is selected, employees
are medically able to wear respirators, and respirators are cleaned and maintained
properly. Respirators are issued to prevent overexposure to chemical hazards and when
necessary to protect the health of the employee. The Safety Manager supervises the
respiratory protection program and decides the need and type of respirator used by
employees. Only NIOSH approved respirators are used. The Safety Manager ensures that
respirators fit properly and that employees are trained in the proper selection, use, and
care of respirators. Employees are evaluated by a physician to determine if they are
physically able to perform the work while wearing a respirator. This review includes a
brief health history and a pulmonary function test.

Wellness Programs

The Company has a comprehensive wellness program for all JOPROS ENGINEERING
LIMITED employees. The CommonHealth Program has been in place at JOPROS
ENGINEERING LIMITED since 1989. The program offers free medical screening and
educational programs. The purpose of the program is to reduce injuries and absenteeism,
increase productivity, improve morale, and provide social benefits to employees.
Emphasis is placed on the development of good habits that affect health and personal
well-being such as nutrition/weight loss, exercise/fitness, smoking cessation, back
strengthening, safety, and stress management.

Employee Assistance Programs

To help employees cope with personal problems that could affect job performance and
safety, the Commonwealth of Virginia has developed a State Employee Assistance
Service (SEAS). The SEAS is a confidential counseling, assessment, and referral service
available to employees at the Company to help employees resolve problems. Services
offered include mental health, financial assistance, substance abuse, family concerns,
legal assistance, and marital concerns. Entry into the program is voluntary and offered at
no cost to employees.

12.0 Hazard Communication

The purpose of the Hazard Communication Program is to inform non-laboratory
employees of chemical hazards they may encounter in the workplace and to provide
measures to minimize exposures. The goal of the Program is to reduce the incidence of
illness and injuries from chemical exposure.

Program

A written Hazard Communication Program has been developed for the Company . The
Program includes provisions for labeling, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs),
chemical inventory, and employee training. The Program covers such areas as
maintenance of a hazardous chemicals inventory, provision of MSDSs for all hazardous
chemicals, and training of employees. All new employees are required to attend an
orientation session on working with hazardous chemicals. The Hazard Communication
Program and MSDSs for hazardous materials are available for inspection by employees.
The Safety Manager manages, reviews, and updates the Program as necessary. In
addition to the written program, a Hazard Communication Safety Manual has been
written for non-laboratory personnel. This manual describes the hazards associated with
various classes of chemicals and methods to reduce exposures. Training sessions are
developed from the information contained in the manual. A copy of the manual is kept in
all affected departments.

Labeling

It is the responsibility of department supervisors to check incoming chemicals to ensure

that they are labeled properly. Chemicals will not be accepted unless they contain the
name of the chemical, hazard warnings, and the name and address of the manufacturer.
Department supervisors will also ensure that secondary containers are properly labeled.
The Safety Manager periodically inspects departments to ensure that labeling
requirements are being met.

Training

Employees exposed to hazardous chemicals outside of laboratories receive training on the

Hazard Communication Standard, physical and health hazards associated with chemicals,
and methods to reduce exposure. Training is conducted by the Safety Manager. Training
is performed at the time off the employee's initial assignment and whenever a new hazard
is introduced into the workplace.

14.0 Emergency Preparedness

Emergency Response Procedures

An Emergency Response Plan has been developed to prepare the Company to properly
handle emergency situations that may occur on campus. The plan contains procedures for
notifying appropriate personnel, defines responsibilities, and provides guidelines for
handling most campus emergencies. The following types of emergencies are covered by
the manual:

 Bomb threats & explosions

 Fires
 Chemical spills
 Radiological emergencies
 Blood spills
 Asbestos releases
 Natural emergencies
 Medical emergencies
 Utility failures
 Terrorism
 Emergency recovery

Emergency Notifications

An Emergency Notification List and an Emergency Call List is included in the

Emergency Response Plan. Phone numbers for JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED
personnel, local, state, and national agencies are included. 

Disaster Plan

A Disaster Plan has been written for the Company and is included in the Emergency
Response Plan. 

Hazardous Materials First Responders

All Safety Office personnel have taken the 40-hour HAZWOPER course and are
qualified to clean up hazardous waste spills at the Company and to train others at the
hazardous materials awareness level. All Police Officers, several Facilities Management
Plant employees, and select individuals across campus have been trained at the awareness
level.

Confined Space Rescue Team

JOPROS ENGINEERING LIMITED does not have an internal confined space rescue
team. The Radford City Fire Department will serve as the rescue team for confined space
emergencies.
CPR/First Aid/AED Training

The Safety Manager is an American Red Cross certified instructor and will coordinate
CPR/First Aid training and AED training across the campus. An AED procedure manual
has been written. Several individuals in Facilities Management, Athletic Department, and
the Police Department have been trained.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Health and safety awareness programs are regularly scheduled for staff at workshop on a
regular basis and brief session of toolbox talks are held every morning before
commencement of work. The purpose of these programs is to promote a safer and
healthier campus environment by helping staff become aware of their behavior.
 REFERENCES

Cirks Construction Inc. (2015); health, safety, & environmental manual (hse)
Geocean Enterpose (2012); Summit FSRT Project Hse Plan
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2016); Recommended Practices for
Safety and Health Programs.
OSHA (2015); Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines. Available from:
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/SHPM_guidelines.pdf
Wyoming Department of Workforce Services (2014). Basic Health And Safety
Program. Available from: http://wyomingworkforce.org/ _docs /osha
/programs /Basic-Health-and-Safety-Program.pdf