186 d 4 Development of Beam Equations

SOLUTION:
Using Eq. (4.1.14) for each beam element and Eq. (2.2.18) for the spring element as
well as the direct stiffness method, we obtain the structure stiffness matrix as

v1 f1 v2 f2 v3 f3 v4
2 3
12 6L 12 6L 0 0 0
6 7
6 4L 2 6L 2L 2 0 0 0 7
6 7
6 24 0 12 6L 0 7
6 7
6 7
EI 6 8L 2 6L 2L 2 0 7 ð4:3:18aÞ
½K ¼ 3 6 7
L 66 kL 3 kL 3 7
7
6 12 þ 6L 
6 EI EI 7 7
6 4L 2 0 7
6 7
6 7
4 kL 3 5
Symmetry EI

where the spring stiffness matrix ½k s  given below by Eq. (4.3.18b) has been directly
added into the global stiffness matrix corresponding to its degrees of freedom at
nodes 3 and 4.

v3 v4
k k ð4:3:18bÞ
½k s  ¼
k k

It is easier to solve the problem using the general variables, later making numerical
substitutions into the final displacement expressions. The governing equations for the
beam are then given by

8 9 2 38 9
>
> F1y >
> 12 6L 12 6L 0 0 0 > > v1 >>
>M >
>
> >
> 6 4L 2 6L 2L 2 0 0 0 7>7>
>
> f
>
>
>
>
> 1>
> 6 >
>
7>
1
>
> >
> 6 >
> >
>
< F2y >
> = EI 6
6
24 0 12 6L 0 7> v
7< = 2 >
M2 ¼ 3 6 8L 2 6L 2L 2 0 7 f ð4:3:19Þ
> > L 6 7> 2 >
> F3y >
>
> >
>
6
6 12 þ k 0 6L k 0 7>v >
> 3>
7> >
>
> >
> 6 > >
7> >
>
> M >
> 4 4L 2 0 5> > f >
>
> 3> > 3>
>
: >
; >
: >
;
0
F4y Symmetry k v4

where k 0 ¼ kL 3 =ðEI Þ is used to simplify the notation. We now apply the boundary
conditions

v1 ¼ 0 f1 ¼ 0 v2 ¼ 0 v4 ¼ 0 ð4:3:20Þ

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