Program Procedure KassimAli
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adnan-651358Program Procedure KassimAli
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adnan-6513584.
1 PROGRAM PROCEDURE
Based on theoretical equations presented in previous chapter, the following step-by-step procedure for the
analysis of In-plane structures (beams) using Stiffness Matrix Method.
The sign convention used in this analysis is as follow: the joint translations are considered positive when
they act in positive direction of Y-axis, and joint rotations are considered positive when they rotate in
counterclockwise direction:
Prepare the analytical model of in-plane structure, as follows:
1. Draw a line diagram of the in-plane structure (beam), and identify each joint member by a
number.
2. Determine the origin of the global (X-Y) coordinate system (G.C.S.). It is usually located to the
lower left joint, with the X and Y axes oriented in the horizontal (positive to the right) and
vertical (positive upward) directions, respectively.
3. For each member, establish a local (x-y) coordinate system (L.C.S), with the left end (beginning)
of the member, and the x and y axes oriented in the horizontal (positive to the right) and vertical
(positive upward) directions, respectively.
4. Number the degrees of freedom and restrained coordinates of the beam elements and nodes.
5. Evaluate the Overall Stiffness Matrix [k], and Fixed-End forces Vector {Pf}. The number of rows
& columns of [S] must be equal to the number of DOF of the structure. For each element of the
in-plane structure, perform the following operations:
a) Compute the Element stiffness matrix [ke] in (L.C.S) by apply the basic stiffness equation, as
follow:
a. { f }=[ k e ] { e }.
b) Transform the force vector { f }form (L.C.S) to { P } in (G.C.S.) using transformation matrix
[A], as follow:
a. { P }= [ A ] { f }.
c) Transform the deformation vector { e }form (L.C.S) to { X } (G.C.S.) using transformation
matrix [B], as follow:
a. { e }=[ B ] { X }.
d) It is evident that matrix [B] is the transpose of matrix [A], therefore ;
a. { e }=[ A ]T { X } .
e) Substituting step (d) in step (a), resulting in:
a. { f }=[ k e ] [ A]T { X }.
f) Substituting step (e) in step (b), resulting in:
a. { P }= [ A ] [ k e ] [ A ]T { X }.
g) Inverting equation in step (f), resulting in:
−1
a. { X }=[ [ A ] [ k e ] [ A ]T ] { P }.
−1
h) Store the element stiffness matrix, in (G.C.S.), [k e❑ ]=[ [ A ] [ k e ] [ A]T ] , for each element.
i) Compute the Fixed-Ends (lateral loads) forces Vector {P f}. Knowing that this step working
only if there are existing lateral loading on the element. Using their proper positions in the
Element Stiffness Matrix [ke] in (G.C.S.).
6. Assemble Overall Stiffness Matrix [K] for the System of in-plane structure. By assembling the
element stiffness matrices for each element in the in-plane structure, using their proper positions
in the in-plane structure Stiffness Matrix [K], and it must be symmetric.
7. Compute the Joint load vector {Pj} for each joint of the in-plane structure.
8. Added the Fixed-Ends (lateral loads) forces Vector {P f} to their corresponding Joint load vector
{P} using their proper positions in the in-plane structure Stiffness Matrix [K].
9. Determine the structure joint displacements {X}. Substitute {P}, {Pe}, and [K] into the structure
stiffness relations,{ P j+ P f } =[ K ] { X } .and solve the resulting system of simultaneous equations for
the unknown joint displacements {X}.
10. Compute Element end displacement {e} and end forces {f}, and support reactions. For each
Element of the beam, as following:
11. Obtain Element end displacements {e} form the joint displacements {X}, using the Element code
numbers.
12. Compute Element end forces {f}, using the following relationship:
{ f }=[ k e ] {e }+ { P f } .
13. Using the Element code numbers, store the pertinent elements of {f}, in their proper position in
the Support Reaction Vector {R}
14. Check the calculation of the member end-forces and support reactions by applying the Equation
of Equilibrium to the free body of the entire in-plane structure;
n n
∑ Fy=0 , ∑ Mz =0
i=0 i=0