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Application Notes Waukesha Knock Index (Wki)

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1K views2 pages

Application Notes Waukesha Knock Index (Wki)

Uploaded by

Muhammad Asad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application Notes

WAUKESHA KNOCK INDEX* (WKI*)


INTRODUCTION Development of this knock rating used the same bracketing fuels
Waukesha Engine has released a new method for calculating knock as “Methane Number”, namely methane and hydrogen. However,
resistance of gaseous fuels. This method, referred to as the Wauke- Waukesha has measured fuels with the following component ranges
sha Knock Index (WKI), offers several improvements over the octane to cover the fuel gases normally found in the field:
scale which had been used for many years. Methane 60 to 100%
With the introduction of high BMEP lean combustion engines, Ethane 0 to 20%
Waukesha observed a very high sensitivity of engine operation to
fuel composition. What appeared to be a small change in calculated Propane 0 to 40%
Octane Number, resulted in a very large change to ignition timing Butane 0 to 10%
and engine power. Operation in the field did not always reflect the
same sensitivity as compared to what was calculated based on the Pentane 0 to 3%
site fuel. To explore this discrepancy, Waukesha compared octane Hexane+ 0 to 2%
calculations of fuel blends with actual measurements on a Waukesha
CFR Rating Unit. A significant degree of error between measured Nitrogen 0 to 15%
and calculated octane was discovered. In addition, inert gases were
Carbon Dioxide 0 to 10%
found to have a strong affect on the knock resistance of a fuel but
were not accounted for in the Octane Number calculation. To avoid confusion with other existing “Methane Number” scales and
calculation formulas, Waukesha elected to name the knock index
There are several systems of knock resistance calculation avail-
scale for this new work “Waukesha Knock Index”.
able, which compare the knock resistance of mixes of methane and
hydrogen to the knock resistance of the fuel to be rated. These sys- A comparison is given on the chart above illustrating the prediction
tems all carry the common name of “Methane Number”. Waukesha capabilities of Waukesha’s WKI with those of two other “Methane
considered these existing “Methane Number” fuel rating systems Number” scales used in the industry today. The “Methane Number”
but declined to use them due to limitations on the number of hydro- or WKI is measured for each of eight fuels, and calculated based on
carbon gases used and ranges of those gases while testing knock the prediction formulas for each of the methods. The measured vs.
resistance. predicted value is given.
By developing a new knock index based on mixes of gases expected As can be seen, the WKI predictions (triangles) fall very close to the
in field gas, natural gas, and low Btu gases, Waukesha was able to desired prediction line where measured = predicted. The other two
greatly improve the accuracy of calculating fuel knock resistance. In Methane Number methods: MN #1 and MN #2 are very far from the
addition, Waukesha was able to account for knock improver char- desired prediction line, especially with fuel in the 45 to 65 Measured
acteristics of inert gases, which are often found in gaseous fuels. MN range.
Application Notes

Waukesha has developed a computer program which calculates WKI When using the Waukesha Knock Index in combination with a
from a customer’s gas analysis breakdown. This computer program Waukesha CEC*-Detonation Sensing Module, Waukesha is able
has been distributed to Waukesha Technical Data Manual holders to optimize power ratings on poor quality fuels while maintaining
and is otherwise available by contacting your nearest Waukesha adequate knock margin.
Regional Office. Engine performance and ignition timing curves are
also available with the computer program.

INNIO* is a leading solutions provider of gas


engines, power equipment, a digital platform
and related services for power generation and
gas compression at or near the point of use. With
our Jenbacher* and Waukesha* product brands,
INNIO pushes beyond the possible and looks
boldly toward tomorrow. Our diverse portfolio of
reliable, economical and sustainable industrial gas
engines generates 200 kW to 10 MW of power for
numerous industries globally. We can provide life
cycle support to the more than 48,000 delivered
gas engines worldwide. And, backed by our service
network in more than 100 countries, INNIO connects
with you locally for rapid response to your service
needs. Headquartered in Jenbach, Austria, the
IWK-319017-EN
business also has primary operations in Welland,
Ontario, Canada, and Waukesha, Wisconsin, US.
*Indicates a trademark
© Copyright 2019 INNIO Waukesha Gas Engines Inc. Information provided is subject
Find your local support online: to change without notice. All values are design or typical values when measured
www.innio.com/en/company/providers under laboratory conditions.

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