METTU UNIVERSITY IT Department

METTU UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Seminar Project Title: Optical Storage Technology

Course Code: ITEC3141

Name: Mekeyas Hirpha

Id No.: Ru/0567/11

Submitted to: Mr. Abdurahaman.M

Submission date:03/12/2013

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Table contents

Contents page
Table contents ................................................................................................................................................ I
List of Figure ................................................................................................................................................. III
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................................... IV
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... V
Optical Storage Technology .......................................................................................................................... 1
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Processes for Writing Data...................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Two-photon absorption ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Micro fabrication ................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.3 Data recording during manufacturing ................................................................................ 6
1.2.4 Persistent Spectral Hole Burning (PSHB): ........................................................................ 6
1.3 Role of wave length ................................................................................................................................ 7
1.4 Processes for Reading Data..................................................................................................................... 8
1.4.1 Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence ................................................................................. 9
1.5 Confocal Detection.................................................................................................................................. 9
1.6 Phase Contrast Technique .................................................................................................................... 11
1.7 Media Design....................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.1 Media form factor............................................................................................................. 11
1.7.2 Media Manufacturing ....................................................................................................... 12
1.8 Drive Design ........................................................................................................................................ 12
1.8.1 Laser ................................................................................................................................. 12
1.8.2. Variable Spherical Aberration Correction....................................................................... 13
1.8.3 Detection. ......................................................................................................................... 13
1.8.4 Data Tracking ................................................................................................................... 13
1.9 Development Issues .............................................................................................................................. 13
1.9.1 Destructive reading .......................................................................................................... 13

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1.9.2 Stability ............................................................................................................................ 14

1.9.3 Laser ................................................................................................................................. 14
2.0 Fluorescent Multilayer Disc .................................................................................................................. 15
2.1 Tapestry Media .................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 Tera disc .............................................................................................................................. 17
2.3 Versatile Multilayer Disc .................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Stacked Volumetric Optical Disc ........................................................................................ 17
2.5 Advantages............................................................................................................................................ 18
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 19
References .................................................................................................................................................. 20

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List of Figure
Figure 1:Cross-section 3D optical storage ...................................................................................... 2

Figure 2:Two photo absorptions ..................................................................................................... 5

Figure 3:Wave Length Electromagnetic Spectrum ......................................................................... 8

Figure 4: confocal laser scanning Detection ................................................................................. 10

Figure 5:3D optical data storage media ........................................................................................ 15

Figure 6: An example of an FMD ................................................................................................. 16

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Acknowledgment

First of all, our excellence to God that helped with every activity in this project we would like to
express our special thanks of gratitude and sincerely appreciation to our Adviser Mr.
Abdurahaman.M who gave us the golden opportunity likes advising and giving technical
guideline to this wonder full project on the topic of optical storage technology features which
would help us to come to so many new things and for doing a lot of research. Hence, we are
really thankfully. Lastly, we would like to thanks all of our friends who helped and advised us to
modify and eliminate some of irrelevant or un necessary stuffs to make our work more
organized.

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Abstract
Optical techniques for data storage have advanced rapidly during the last decade. Optical data
storage presents many unique advantages, notably the high storage density and low access time,
not attainable by conventional recording techniques. The special features of optical recording,
the proposed materials and techniques, the components for optical storage as well as some
representative optical bit-by-bit and holographic recording systems are reviewed. It is noted that
in spite of the lack of widespread commercial success of the optical recording at the present,
some unique devices have been successfully demonstrated. The knowledge accumulated in the
development of optical data storage should be useful for many recent Applications such as video
recording. It is expected that when the conventional magnetic memory technology reaches its
limit, optical storage technology should be a competitive contender for the next generation data
storage.

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Optical Storage Technology

1 Introduction
One of the reasons that computers have become increasingly important in daily life is because
they offer unprecedented access to massive amounts of information.

The decreasing cost of storing data and the increasing storage capacities of ever smaller devices
have been key enablers of this revolution. Current storage needs are being met because
improvements in conventional technologies such as magnetic hard disk drives, optical disks, and
semiconductor memories have been able to keep pace with the demand for greater and faster
storage.

➢ However, there is strong evidence that these surface-storage technologies are approaching
fundamental limits that may be difficult to overcome as ever-smaller bits become less
thermally stable and harder to access.
➢ An intriguing approach for next generation data-storage is to use light to store information
throughout the three-dimensional volume of a material. By distributing data within the
volume of the recording medium, it should be possible to achieve far greater storage densities
than current technologies can offer.
For instance, the surface storage density accessible with focused beams of light is roughly 1/
(2 Wave length). With green light of roughly 0.5-micron wavelength, this should lead to 4
bits/sq. micron or more than 4 Gigabytes (GB) on each side of a 120mm diameter, 1mm thick
disk. But by storing data throughout the volume at a density of 1/ (3Wave length), the
capacity of the same disk could be increased 2000-fold, to 8 Terabytes (TB).

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Figure 1:Cross-section 3D optical storage

Schematic representation of a cross-section through a 3D optical storage disc (yellow) along

a data track (orange marks). Four data layers are seen, with the laser currently addressing the
third from the top. The laser passes through the first two layers and only interacts with the
third, since here the light is at a high intensity.
➢ Current optical data storage media, such as the CD and DVD store data as a series of
reflective marks on an internal surface of a disc. In order to increase storage capacity, it is
possible for discs to hold two or even more of these data layers, but their number is severely
limited since the addressing laser interacts with every layer that it passes through on the way
to and from the addressed layer.
➢ As an example, a prototypical 3D optical data storage system may use a disk that looks much
like a transparent DVD. The disc contains many layers of information, each at a different
depth in the media and each consisting of a DVD-like spiral track.
➢ In order to record information on the disc a laser is brought to a focus at a particular depth in
the media that corresponds to a particular information layer. When the laser is turned on it
causes a photochemical change in the media.
❖ In order to read the data back, a similar procedure is used except this time instead of causing
a photochemical change in the media the laser causes fluorescence. This is achieved e.g., by
using a lower laser power or a different laser wavelength. The intensity or wavelength of the

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fluorescence is different depending on whether the media has been written at that point, and
so by measuring the emitted light the data is read.

1.2 Processes for Writing Data

 Data recording in a 3D optical storage medium requires that a change take place in the
medium upon excitation. This change is generally a photochemical reaction of some sort,
although other possibilities exist. Chemical reactions that have been investigated include
photo isomerization’s, photo decompositions and photo bleaching, and polymerization
initiation.
 Most investigated have been photochromic compounds, which include azobenzene’s, Spiro
pyrans, stilbenes, fulgides and diarylethene. If the photochemical change is reversible, then
rewritable data storage may be achieved, at least in principle. Also, multilevel recording,
where data is written in ‘grayscale’ rather than as ‘on’ and ‘off’ signals, is technically
feasible.
 Writing by multiphoton absorption only multiphoton absorption is capable of injecting into
the media the significant energy required to electronically excite molecular species and cause
chemical reactions.
❖ Two-photon absorption is the strongest multiphoton absorbance by far, but still, it is a very
weak phenomenon, leading to low media sensitivity. Therefore, much research has been
directed at providing chromophores with high two-photon absorption cross-sections.

1.2.1 Two-photon absorption

➢ Writing by 2-photon absorption can be achieved by focusing the writing laser on the point
where the photochemical writing process is required. The wavelength of the writing laser is
chosen such that it is not linearly absorbed by the medium, and therefore it does not interact
with the medium except at the focal point. At the focal point 2-photon absorption becomes
significant, because it is a nonlinear process dependent on the square of the laser fluence.
✓ Writing by 2-photon absorption can also be achieved by the action of two lasers in
coincidence. This method is typically used to achieve the parallel writing of information at
once.

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* One laser passes through the media, defining a line or plane.

* The second laser is then directed at the points on that line or plane that writing is desired.
❖ Another approach to improving media sensitivity has been to employ resonant two-photon
absorption.
❖ No resonant two-photon absorption (as is generally used) is weak since in order for excitation
to take place, the two exciting photons must arrive at the chromophore at almost exactly the
same time.
❖ This is because the chromophore is unable to interact with a single photon alone. However, if
the chromophore has an energy level corresponding to the (weak) absorption of one photon
then this may be used as a stepping stone, allowing more freedom in the arrival time of
photons and therefore a much higher sensitivity. However, this one-photon absorbance is a
linear process, and therefore risks compromising the 3D resolution of the system.
❖ Two photon absorption (TPA) is the simultaneous absorption of two photons of identical or
different frequencies in order to excite a molecule from its ground state to an excited state.
The first TPA process was observed in doped europium salts.
✓ Two-photon absorption can be measured by several techniques. Two of them are two-photon
excited fluorescence (TPEF) and nonlinear transmission (NLT). Pulsed lasers are most often
used because TPA is a third-order nonlinear optical process, and therefore is most efficient at
very high intensities.
 This dependence can be derived quantum mechanically, but is intuitively obvious when one
considers that it requires two photons to coincide in time and space. This requirement for
high light intensity means that lasers are required to study TPA phenomena. Further, in order
to understand the TPA spectrum, monochromatic light is also desired in order to measure the
TPA cross section at different wavelengths.

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Figure 2:Two photo absorptions

• Description: A two-photon 3D optical data storage system consisting of a bichromophoric

mixture of diarylethene and fluorene derivative as the storage medium is demonstrated here.
Binary information bits were recorded throughout all three dimensions of the storage medium
by two-photon localized excitation on the diarylethene molecules, transforming the closed
form of diarylethene into the open form. The readout method is based on the modulation of
the two-photon fluorescence emission of fluorene by the closed form of diarylethene.
➢ TPA with light intensity as a function of path length or cross section x as a function of
concentration c and the initial light intensity I0. The absorption coefficient α now becomes
the TPA cross section β with unit GM (after discoverer) equal to 10-50cm4. s. photon-
1molecules-1

1.2.2 Micro fabrication

✓ One of the most distinguishing features of TPA is that the rate of absorption of light by a
molecule depends on the square of the light's intensity. This is different than OPA, where the

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rate of absorption is linear with respect to input intensity. As a result of this dependence, if
material is cut with a high-power laser beam, the rate of material removal decreases very
sharply from the center of the beam to its periphery. Because of this, the "pit" created is
sharper and better resolved than if the same size pit were created using normal absorption. In
the case of two-photon polymerization, the material is polymerized only near the focal spot
of the laser, where the intensity of the absorbed light is highest. This makes TPA attractive
for 3D micro fabrication.

1.2.3 Data recording during manufacturing

* Data may also be created in the manufacturing of the media, as is the case with most optical
disc formats for commercial data distribution. In this case, the user cannot write to the disc -
it is a ROM format. Data may be written by a nonlinear optical method, but in this case the
use of very high-power lasers is acceptable so media sensitivity becomes less of an issue.
* The fabrication of discs containing data molded or printed into their 3D structure has also
been demonstrated. For example, a disc containing data in 3D may be constructed by
sandwiching together a large number of wafer-thin discs, each of which is molded or printed
with a single layer of information. The resulting ROM disc can then be read using a 3D
reading method.

1.2.4 Persistent Spectral Hole Burning (PSHB):

• Persistent spectral hole-burning has been utilized as a means for possibly achieving high-
density optical storage, which also allows the possibility of spectral multiplexing to increase
data density. Persistent spectral holes are formed in in homogeneously broadened absorption
lines when a photo induced change occurs in the subset of absorbers that are in resonance
with a narrowband laser beam. If the photo reacted centers do not absorb at the original
wavelength, a dip in absorption or spectral 'hole' is formed that may be detected by
subsequent measurement of the absorption line.
 Micro holography: where tiny holograms are used to store data. In micro holography,
focused beams of light are used to record submicron-sized holograms in a photorefractive
material, usually by the use of collinear beams. The writing process may use the same kinds

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of media that are used in other types of holographic data storage, and may use 2-photon
processes to form the holograms.
 Void Formation: where microscopic bubbles are introduced into a media by high intensity
laser irradiation. Standard set-up consists of a laser providing amplified femtosecond pulses
and an optical microscope is used for recording voids inside glasses under tight focusing
conditions using an objective lens with a numerical aperture of NA = 1.35. The diameter of
the focal spot was estimated as D = 1.22λ/NA at the 1/e2-level by intensity.

The void inside glass represents a kind of ultimate density modulation created by a laser pulse.

 Chromophore Poling: where the laser-induced reorientation of chromophores in the media

structure leads to readable changes. Optical engineering of the photonic properties of polymer films
provides efficient and convenient ways to store information within photo-sensitive materials.

1.3 Role of wave length

• Amount of data that can be stored is dependent on the wave length of light used. Optical
refraction limits the size of focused laser beam, so a spot of the order of the wave length is
used represent the presence of information; therefore wave length limits the density of data
storage.

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Figure 3:Wave Length Electromagnetic Spectrum

1.4 Processes for Reading Data

 The reading of data from 3D optical memories has been carried out in many different ways.
While some of these rely on the nonlinearity of the light-matter interaction to obtain 3D
resolution, others use methods that spatially filter the media's linear response. Reading
methods include:

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1.4.1 Two Photon Excitation Fluorescence

✓ This method is essentially two-photon microscopy. Two-photon excitation may in some
cases be a viable alternative to confocal microscopy due to its deeper penetration and reduced
photo toxicity.
✓ The concept of two-photon excitation is based on the idea that two photons of low energy can
excite a fluorophore in a quantum event, resulting in the emission of a fluorescence photon,
typically at a higher energy than either of the two excitatory photons. The probability of the
near-simultaneous absorption of two photons is extremely low. Therefore, a high flux of
excitation photons is typically required, usually a femtosecond laser.
 If the fluorophore absorbs two infrared photons simultaneously, it will absorb enough energy
to be raised into the excited state. The fluorophore will then emit a single photon with a
wavelength that depends on the type of fluorophore used (typically in the visible spectrum).
 Because two photons need to be absorbed to excite a fluorophore, the probability for
fluorescent emission from the fluorophores increases quadratically with the excitation
intensity. Therefore, much more two-photon fluorescence is generated where the laser beam
is tightly focused than where it is more diffuse.

1.5 Confocal Detection

✓ This method is essentially confocal laser scanning microscopy. It offers excitation with much
lower laser powers than that of two-photon absorbance, but it has some potential problems
because the addressing light interacts with many other data points in addition to the one
being addressed.
✓ The basic key to the confocal approach is the use of spatial filtering techniques to eliminate
out-of-focus light or glare in specimens whose thickness exceeds the immediate plane of
focus.
➢ In fact, confocal technology is proving to be one of the most important advances ever
achieved in optical microscopy.

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Figure 4: confocal laser scanning Detection

 Confocal Microscope Scanning Systems - Confocal imaging relies upon the sequential
collection of light from spatially filtered individual specimen points, followed by electronic
signal processing and ultimately, the visual display as corresponding image points. The
point-by-point signal collection process requires a mechanism for scanning the focused
illuminating beam through the specimen volume under observation.
 Three principal scanning variations are commonly employed to produce confocal microscope
images.
 Fundamentally equivalent confocal operation can be achieved by employing a laterally
translating specimen stage coupled to a stationary illuminating light beam (stage scanning), a
scanned light beam with a stationary stage (beam scanning), or by maintaining both the stage
and light source stationary while scanning the specimen with an array of light points
transmitted through apertures in a spinning Nipkow disk.
➢ Electronic Light Detectors: Photomultipliers - In modern wide field fluorescence and laser
scanning confocal optical microscopy, the collection and measurement of secondary
emission gathered by the objective can be accomplished by several classes of photosensitive
detectors, including photomultipliers, photodiodes, and solid-state charge-coupled devices
(CCDs).

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1.6 Phase Contrast Technique

➢ This method usually employs a phase contrast microscope. No absorption of light is

necessary so there is no risk of damaging data while reading, but the required refractive index
mismatch in the disc may limit the thickness (i.e., number of data layers) that the media can
reach due to the accumulated random wave front errors that destroy the focused spot quality.
➢ As light travels through a medium other than vacuum, interaction with this medium causes its
amplitude and phase to change in a way which depends on properties of the medium.
Changes in amplitude give rise to familiar absorption of light which gives rise to colors when
it is wavelength dependent.
➢ The human eye measures only the energy of light arriving on the retina, so changes in phase
are not easily observed, yet often these changes in phase carry a large amount of information.
➢ The same holds in a typical microscope i.e., although the phase variations introduced by the
sample are preserved by the instrument (at least in the limit of the perfect imaging
instrument) this information is lost in the process which measures the light. In order to make
phase variations observable, it is necessary to combine the light passing through the sample
with a reference so that the resulting interference reveals the phase structure of the sample.

1.7 Media Design

➢ The active part of 3D optical storage media is usually an organic polymer either doped or
grafted with the photo chemically active species. Alternatively, crystalline and sol-gel
materials have been used.

1.7.1 Media form factor

 Media for 3D optical data storage have been suggested in several form factors:
A) Disc. A disc media offers a progression from CD/DVD, and allows reading and
writing to be carried out by the familiar spinning disc method.
B) Card. A credit card form factor media is attractive from the point of view of

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portability and convenience, but would be of a lower capacity than a disc.

C) Crystal or Cube. Several scientists have suggested of small solids that store
massive amounts of information, and at least in principle this could be achieved with
3D optical data storage.

1.7.2 Media Manufacturing

❖ The simplest method of manufacturing - the molding of a disk in one piece - is a possibility
for some systems. A more complex method of media manufacturing is for the media to be
constructed layer by layer. This is required if the data is to be physically created during
manufacture.
❖ However, layer-by-layer construction need not mean the sandwiching of many layers
together. Another alternative is to create the medium in a form analogous to a roll of
adhesive tape. Different methods such as hot stamping and photo polymerization are used in
the creation of 3D data storing discs such as fluorescent multilayer disc.

1.8 Drive Design

 A drive designed to read and write to 3D optical data storage media may have a lot in
common with CD/DVD drives, particularly if the form factor and data structure of the media
is similar to that of CD or DVD.

 However, there are a number of notable differences that must be taken into account when
designing such a drive, including:

1.8.1 Laser
 Particularly when 2-photon absorption is utilized, high-powered lasers may be required that
can be bulky, difficult to cool, and pose safety concerns.
 Existing optical drives utilize continuous wave diode lasers operating at 780 nm, 658 nm, or
405 nm. 3D optical storage drives may require solid-state lasers or pulsed lasers, and several
examples use wavelengths easily available by these technologies, such as 532 nm (green).
These larger lasers can be difficult to integrate into the read/write head of the optical drive.

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1.8.2. Variable Spherical Aberration Correction

➢ Because the system must address different depths in the medium, and at different depths the
spherical aberration induced in the wave front is different, a method is required to
dynamically account for these differences. Many possible methods exist that include optical
elements that swap in and out of the optical path, moving elements, and adaptive optics.

1.8.3 Detection.
* The detection system is very different from that in a CD or DVD, and requires operation with
much lower signals. When fluorescence is used for reading, special light collection optics
may be used to maximize the signal.

1.8.4 Data Tracking

➢ Once they are identified along the z-axis, individual layers of DVD-like data may be
accessed and tracked in similar ways to DVD discs. The possibility of using parallel or page-
based addressing has also been demonstrated. This allows much faster data transfer rates, but
requires the additional complexity of spatial light modulators, signal imaging, more powerful
lasers, and more complex data handling.

1.9 Development Issues

➢ Despite the highly attractive nature of 3D optical data storage, the development of
commercial products has taken a significant length of time. This is the result of the limited
financial backing that 3D optical storage ventures have received, as well as technical issues
including:

1.9.1 Destructive reading

❖ Since both the reading and the writing of data are carried out with laser beams, there is a
potential for the reading process to cause a small amount of writing. In this case, the repeated
reading of data may eventually serve to erase it (this also happens in phase change materials
used in some DVDs). This issue has been addressed by many approaches, such as the use of

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different absorption bands for each process (reading and writing), or the use of a reading
method that does not involve the absorption of energy.

1.9.2 Stability
❖ Many chemical reactions that appear not to take place in fact happen very slowly. In
addition, many reactions that appear to have happened can slowly reverse themselves. Since
most 3D media are based on chemical reactions, there is therefore a risk that either the
unwritten points will slowly become written or that the written points will slowly revert to
being unwritten. This issue is particularly serious for the spirogyras, but extensive research
was conducted to find more stable chromophores for 3D memories.

1.9.3 Laser
❖ As we have noted, 2-photon absorption is a weak phenomenon, and therefore high-power
lasers are usually required to produce it. Researchers typically use Ti-sapphire lasers or Nd:
YAG lasers to achieve excitation, but these instruments are not suitable for use in consumer
products.
Commercial development

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Figure 5:3D optical data storage media

Top row - Written Call/Recall media, Me pile media.
Middle row – FMD, D-Data DMD and drive.
Bottom row - Lindauer media, Microhalo’s media in act

2.0 Fluorescent Multilayer Disc

 It is an optical disc format developed by Constellation 3D that uses fluorescent, rather than
reflective materials to store data. Reflective disc formats (such as CD and DVD) have a
practical limitation of about two layers, primarily due to interference, scatter, and inter-layer
cross talk. However, the use of fluorescence allows FMDs to have up to 100 layers. These
extra layers allow FMDs to have capacities up to a terabyte, while maintaining the same
physical size of traditional optical discs.

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Figure 6: An example of an FMD

2.1 Tapestry Media

➢ Tapestry Media is a digital optical disc about the size of a DVD with a capacity of 300GB. It
will go on sale in 2009, according to its American developer, In Phase Technologies.
Traditional DVDs record data by measuring microscopic ridges on the surface of a spinning
disc. Two competing successors to the DVD format — Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD — use the
same technique, but exploit shorter wavelengths of light to fit more information onto the
surface
➢ The processes for encoding data onto the signal beam is accomplished by a device called a
spatial light modulator, which translates the electronic data of 0s and 1s into an optical
"checkerboard" pattern of light and dark pixels. The data is arranged in an array or "page" of
around a million bits.
➢ At the point of intersection of the reference beam and the signal beam, the hologram is
recorded in the light sensitive storage medium. A chemical reaction occurs in the medium
when the bright elements of the signal beam intersect the reference beam, causing the
hologram.

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2.2 Tera disc

➢ Me pile, a leader in next generation optical storage technology, announced today that it has
proven its Tera Disc technology to be capable of storing up to one Terabyte (TB) of data. The
company recently demonstrated this concept to several Japanese CE manufacturers by
recording and reading over 100 virtual layers on a single DVD-size optical disc.
➢ A Me pile disc contains light sensitive molecules (chromophores) capable of switching
between two distinct states upon the application of light. Due to the nonlinear nature of the
light-matter interaction, when focusing the applied light inside the material using a lens, only
those molecules present near the focal point will interact and switch state.
➢ This provides for true three-dimensional accessing of small volumes within the material,
allowing the writing of data bits selectively within the bulk of the material. Reading is
performed in a similar way, where light that does not result in writing excites the
chromophores making them emit light.
➢ The amount of light emitted is highly sensitive to there being "written" or "unwritten"
molecules near the focal point, allowing this process to be used as a reading mechanism.

2.3 Versatile Multilayer Disc

 High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc's or Versatile Multilayer Disc (VMD or HD
VMD) is a high-capacity red laser optical disc technology designed by New Medium
Enterprises, Inc. VMD is intended to compete with the blue laser HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc
formats and has an initial capacity of 20 GB to 40 GB per disc.
 Although initial details are sketchy, it appears that the format uses 5 GB per layer, similar to
standard DVDs. The larger formats come from adding more layers. Whereas DVDs hold up
to 2 layers per side, standard VMD’s can use 4 layers, for 20 GB of storage. There are also
reports of 8- and 10-layered versions which can hold 40 and 50 GB, respectively.

2.4 Stacked Volumetric Optical Disc

➢ The Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (or SVOD) is an optical disk format developed by
Hitachi/Maxell, which uses an array of wafer-thin optical disks to allow data storage of
around 1TB. Each "wafer" (a thin polycarbonate disk) holds around 9.4GB of information,

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and the wafers are stacked in layers of 100 or so, giving overall data storage increase of 100x
or more. SVOD will likely be a candidate, along with HVDs, to be the next-generation
optical disk standard.

2.5 Advantages

✓ A high-definition movie requires about 13 GB of storage with compression so it can fit in a

single diand there is enough space to add some extra contents such as out-takes, additional
scenes, etc.
✓ Enables dramatic improvements in piracy protection, by taking advantage of the multiple
layers of information.
✓ Highest optical capacity
✓ Lowest cost per gigabyte
✓ Highest data bit density of any storage device
✓ Lowest power requirements per gigabyte
✓ Long storage life
✓ Have highest data transfer potential

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Conclusion

Computers have become very important in our life because they provide us access to storage of
large amount of information. Conventional technologies have very limited amount of storage and
their storage capacity cannot be increased any further. Since storage needs are increasing at a faster
rate and conventional technologies are not able to keep the pace with demand for greater and faster
storage requirements. So, a new type of data storage technique with increased capabilities is
required. These needs can be fulfilled by 3D Data Storage Devices. Further they are cost effective
in the sense that they have the lowest cost per byte. They will also have faster data transfer rates
compared to current technologies. 3D Data storage devices will have wide range of applications
in fields such as satellite data storage, space researches, digital libraries, defense where large
amount of data storage capacity is required. Hence, we can undoubtedly say that 3D Data storage
provides an effective solution for tomorrow’s storage needs.

OPTICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY SEMINAR PROJECT 19

METTU UNIVERSITY IT Department

References
[1] www.google.com optical storage technology seminar.

[2] seminarsonly.com

[3] NSIC–OIDA Optical Disk Storage Roadmap. National Storage Industry Consortium and
Optoelectronics Industry Development Association, San Diego, 1997.
[4] Ruggedized digital holographic data storage with fast access. Optical and Quantum
Electronics, 32(3):383–392, 2000.
[5] G. W. Burr, S. Kobras, H. Hanssen, and H. Coufal. Content–addressable data storage by
use of volume holograms. Applied Optics, 38(32):6779–6784, 1999.
[6] S. R. Chinn and E. A. Swanson. Multilayer optical storage by low–coherence reflectometry.

OPTICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY SEMINAR PROJECT 20