Slide 1 Professional Ethics ___________________________________

(1)

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S. Adalarasu
arasutvl@gmail.com

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Formerly DGM,QIT,
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Adjunct Professor/Guest Faculty,
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NITT and NITPY
VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu

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Slide 2 Occupation – Profession – Professional ___________________________________

Occupation
 person’s Job
 to earn livelihood
 no specialised schooling in a particular stream ___________________________________
 jobs(physical/mental) are included in an occupation
(shopkeepers, clerks, attendants, gardener, helpers etc}

Profession
 specialised training, knowledge, qualification and skills
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 membership of a professional body, and certificate of practice
 rendering personalised services
 guided by a certain code of conduct
 mainly known by their jobs ___________________________________

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Slide 3 The line of demarcation is thin and blurred

occupation(broader term) it includes profession
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Professionalism
trait - highly valued in the workforce
“The skill expected of a professional” ___________________________________
Its attributes - Specialized knowledge, Competency, Honesty
and integrity, Respect, Accountability, Self-regulation, Image

Basis for Comparison Occupation Profession

Meaning ___________________________________
Training requirement
Regulated by statute
Basis of pay
Higher education
Degree of independence
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Responsibilities
Respect and Status

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Slide 4 Concept, Need & Importance of Ethics ___________________________________
Ethics - moral philosophy - concerned with
1. distinguishing between good and evil in the world
2. between right and wrong human actions
3. between virtuous and non-virtuous characteristics of people
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Need
Provides a stable society.
When people live ethical lives ___________________________________
1. tell the truth
2. avoid harming others
3. are generous.
4. Working with people is easy
5. callous and insensitive people are distrusted - difficult to be ___________________________________
integrated well into social arrangements

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Slide 5 Importance ___________________________________

1. sets the standards for professional practice
2. Part of professional education - helps students deal with
issues they will face in professional practice
3. Consists of the responsibilities and rights - to be endorsed by ___________________________________
those in engineering
4. The study of the decisions, policies and values that are
morally desirable in engineering practices and research
What benefit for students ? ___________________________________
- awareness of the complex relationships between
technological development and social well being
- understanding the professional responsibilities of engineers
and the norms for exercising these responsibilities
- develops capacity to make mature decisions about
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professional \responsibility and to deal with ethical dilemmas

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Slide 6 Moral
a Greek word “Mos” means custom
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customs established by group of individuals
(e.g) While one person's morals might tell them not to gossip,
another person's morals might not consider gossip to be a bad
thing
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Value
denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action
(e.g – Commitment, Open-mindedness)
Aims in determining what actions are the best to do
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the best way to live, or to describe the significance of different
actions
Inculcated through learning or adopted from their experience
Basic values learnt from parents, schooling, friends,
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neighbours, mass prints, visual media and any other sources
within the society

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Slide 7 Team with value
Work as a team
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Act with integrity and honesty
Persuade and celebrate diversity
Expect & support exceptional service
Celebrate success, creativity, innovations ___________________________________
Care for community

Hollow Core Value

working at odds with one anoither
no accoutability ___________________________________
Confused about the importance of activities & performance
objectivities and organizational growth
Act in opposite to the organisational interest
Reluctant to get clarified about the priorities ___________________________________

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Slide 8 Morals - guiding principles - driven by a desire to be good ___________________________________

Ethics - specific rules and actions, or behaviors - defines
allowable actions or correct behavior

Values - the stimuli of our thinking - principles and ideals - helps ___________________________________
us in making the judgment of what is more important

Ethics Vs Law

Ethics – guideline – free to follow or ignore – non compliance ___________________________________

means immoral

Law – rules must be followed – to prevent crime – non

compliance means crime and punishable ___________________________________
Ethics preaches – Law imposes

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Slide 9 Examples
•son of a politician committed a crime - he uses his powers to
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free his son from legal consequences - act is immoral- politician
is trying to save a culprit

•A very close friend/relative of an interviewer comes for an ___________________________________

interview - without asking a single question, he selects him - act
is unethical - the selection process must be transparent &
unbiased.

•A grocer selling adulterated products for more profit is neither ___________________________________

moral nor ethical - he is cheating his customers & profession at
the same time- illegal

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Slide 10 Comparison between Ethics & Moral ___________________________________
Ethics are guiding principles of Morals are principles on which
conduct of an individual or one’s judgments of right and
group wrong are based

Ethics are relatively uniform Morals are highly influenced by

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(e.g) ASME ethics external factors like religion and
culture (e.g) veg & non veg

Ethics are more related to

professional life
Morals are related to ones
lifestyle
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Ethics are codified into formal
system and are adopted by There are no such thing as
people in different fields. universal morals ___________________________________
(e.g) legal & medical ethics

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Slide 11 Value Vs Ethics ___________________________________

Values are standards of behavior Ethics are forms of conduct
or principles that vary according which vary according to specific
to different people group or field
They describe personal Ethics is mostly related to ___________________________________
standards of what is valuable or professional context
important
Ethics depend on the profession
Values depend on individuals
as well as organizations
Values of a person can be ___________________________________
influenced by various factors like Ethics are often be codified into
religion, culture and society a set of rules or formal system
Values can vary according to
Ethics can vary according to
individuals
professions ___________________________________

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Slide 12 Examples of ethics

branch of philosophy responsible for studying the principles that
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govern the conduct of an individual
1 – Acceptance
- refers to a reflection on a new technology that takes into account
the moral issues that emerge from its introduction (robots) ___________________________________
2 - Charity
Charity is a virtue that involves benevolence towards other
individuals
3 - Respect
Respect is the courtesy that one has towards other people ___________________________________
4 - Compassion
Compassion is the feeling of commiseration(feel sympathy)
towards the sufferings of another person.
(e.g) person with terminal cancer may request euthanasia.
Morality - should not attempt against the life of another person.
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In professional ethics - allow assisted suicide to be applied

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Slide 13 .5 - Responsibility
Responsibility is an ethical principle of each individual that refers
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to the fulfillment of an acquired commitment and the fact of
responding for our actions
6 - Empathy
The empathy is the ability of human beings to connect affectively ___________________________________
with another individual, to share and understand their emotions
and feelings. Being empathic allows us to understand the
behavior of other people.
7 - Equality
Equality means that people are treated in a way that all can ___________________________________
achieve the same results regardless of the particular factors that
condition each individual
8 - Integrity
the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, the
state of being whole and undivided. His behavior is both ethical
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and moral, He does what he says

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Slide 14 9 - Justice
Justice is a virtue that states that each person should receive
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what he deserves
10 - Transparency
Transparency is an ethical principle that relates to honesty. For
example, if it is your job to interview a friend to offer a job and ___________________________________
give him the job even though he does not meet the requirements,
your procedure will not be transparent but biased
Types of Ethics
Meta Ethics: (beyond) ___________________________________
Metaethics talks about the nature of ethics and moral reasoning
1. It asks how we understand, know about, and what we mean
when we talk about what is right & what is wrong
2. It explores the connection between values, reasons for action, ___________________________________
and human motivation

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Slide 15 3. asking how it is that moral standards might provide us with

reasons to do or refrain from doing as it demands
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4. It doesn’t tell what we can do or can’t do
e.g "What does it mean to say that something is good or bad, or
right or wrong?",
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Normative Ethics: (confirms to norms)
1. Normative ethics intends to find out which actions are right and
wrong, or which character traits are good and bad
2. It involves arriving at moral standards that regulate right and ___________________________________
wrong conduct
3. It is a search for an ideal litmus test of proper behavior
e.g “Murder is wrong
Normative ethics examines the standards for the rightness & ___________________________________
wrongness of actions
But meta ethics studies the meaning of moral & its nature

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Slide 16 1. Virtue Ethics:
It places less emphasis on learning rules("don't kill," "don't
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steal“), instead stresses the importance of developing good
habits of character, such as benevolence
2. It stresses more on an individual’s character that acts as a
driving force for ethical behavior ___________________________________
What are work ethics?
1. A set of moral principles, an employee uses in his job
It consists of: reliability/dependability, dedication, productivity,
cooperation, character, integrity, sense of responsibility,
emphasis on quality, discipline, teamwork, professionalism,
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respectfulness, determination etc.
2. Involves how one gets along with others
Impact of Work Ethics on Job Performance
a. Performance ratings = method for measuring job performance
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performance is viewed from human behavior with evaluative
Slide 17 aspects
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- behavior displayed at work is not related to job but general
(Can-Do Attitude, Taking responsibility, Good Attendance &
Punctuality)
how well performs at their work(Positive values, Open and honest
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communication, respect, understanding, Flexibility)
work ethics resulting high in employee’s performance -
implementation of work ethics organization to achieve great
performance ___________________________________
Absence of etiquette & work ethics in work places change in
employees attitude - hinder productivity
(e.g)
Enron’s executives - using accounting loopholes, special purpose
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entities and false error reporting to hide billions of dollars of debt
from failed deals and projects

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Slide 18 •Service Learning

- a form of experimental education - learning occurs through
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a cycle of action and reflection as students work with others
through a process
Process involves applying what they are learning to community
problems - reflecting upon their experience as they seek to ___________________________________
achieve real objectives for the community and deeper
understanding for themselves
(e.g)
Engineering students collaborating with elementary school
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students to design and construct environmentally sensitive
playgrounds
Benefits
 students improve academic learning ___________________________________
 develop personal skills through structured service projects (that
meet community needs)

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Slide 19 opportunities to learn by preparing, leading, and reflecting upon
their service experiences
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Service-learning can be described by what it is not;
NOT volunteerism, community service, internships, or field
education
Field education and internships emphasize student learning
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students may provide valuable service, the objective is to provide
students hands on experience
Volunteerism and community service emphasize the service
provided:
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the intended beneficiary is the service recipient
service-learning share the components of volunteerism,
community service
Unlike these activities, service-learning applies equal focus to
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both learning and the service goal

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Slide 20 Prerequisites ___________________________________

O requires an academic context and - service and learning goals
are mutually reinforcing
o service programs can be typified –
1. the beneficiary is the recipient (community agency/member) or
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2. beneficiary is the provider (student) or
3. the focus is on learning or service
Goals of Service Learning
•For students: An opportunity to enrich and apply knowledge ___________________________________
learned in the classroom in applied settings
•For faculty and college: Move from teacher-centered, to
learning centered, to community-centered pedagogy
•Shared Ownership: Expanding the classroom into the ___________________________________
community and vice versa

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Components of Effective Service Learning
Slide 21 Preparation
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(Setting objectives for skills to be learned, issues to be
considered; planning projects so they contribute to learning)
Performing the Actual Service
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Analysis of Experience, Lessons Learned, Sharing and
Reflecting on Experience and Implication
Outcomes of Service Learning
1. Connection of theory to practice
2. Puts concepts into concrete form & provides a context for
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understanding abstract matter
3. Provides an opportunity to test & refine theories and introduce
new theories
4. Appreciation and understanding of social, economic and
environmental implications, moral and ethical complex outcome
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of people’s actions
6. Learn communication, interpersonal and technical skills

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Slide 22 7. Self-directed learning – inquiry, logical thinking, relationship of ___________________________________
ideas and experience.
8. Transference of learning from one context to another – which
allows for the opportunity to reflect, conceptualize and apply
experience-based knowledge
9. Improves critical thinking, information retrieval, technical, ___________________________________
qualitative and quantitative reasoning, oral & written
communication skills
10.Improves understanding of self and community
Importance of Reflection
Distinguishes SL from other forms of experiential education
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Links service experience to course materials, readings and
lectures
Evaluation and Assessment
1. Can not be evaluated in the same manner as exams or
research papers
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2. Students and faculty assess the usefulness of service learning

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Slide 23 3. Students assess how much they have learned and how their ___________________________________
attitudes have changed due to the service experience
4. Relationship of setting and service to course and content
4. Skills developed from service.
5. Extent of critical reflection
6. Format and presentation of final paper, project or presentation. ___________________________________
7. Verification of time spent in setting
Guiding and Reflective Questions for Students
What did you learn about the value of the service you performed?
What community needs did your service address? ___________________________________
Do you feel that your service helped or changed anything in the
community?
Why or Why not?
What have you learned about working and collaborating with
others in the community? ___________________________________
Do you feel your service helped or changed anything in you?
About your career aspirations?

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Slide 24 What skills did you develop from this experience?

What specific course content from class or your readings relate to
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this service?
Can you transfer this knowledge to your life and other
professional experiences?
What lessons did you learn? Was service learning an effective ___________________________________
way to make class material more meaningful?

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Slide 25 Civic Virtues
CVs are the values that are expected from the citizen of any
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functioning democracy
CVs virtue are those qualities of citizens that they are expected
to posses as part of a civil society.
Some Civic Virtues: ___________________________________
casting vote & participating in elections, paying the taxes on time,
getting education or giving education etc
Usefulness
 promotes a sense of attachment to and responsibility for the
community of which the citizen is a part ___________________________________
Civic virtue has to be taught/developed in citizens
Every young citizen is required to attend school, at which they
receive (among others) civic education
By teaching children and practicing them in skills like writing and
debating, nation will have active, responsible independent
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citizenry
 amount of CV acquire depends on own interest and choice.

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Slide 26  CV is concerned with the right state of mind & right action ___________________________________
 good citizen is prone to give priority to public good rather
than private good
 The common good can be activities of any kind that sustain/
improve the community: obeying the law, doing volunteer work,
active in public or civil organizations or becoming active in politics ___________________________________
 Running for office if there is a lack of local politicians - is
common good
 The common good must be either the aggregate of all
individual goods or something that is in the interest of every
one in the community
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CV Vs Autonomy
 The concept of civic virtue focus on the community, while
autonomy is concerned with the individual ___________________________________

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Slide 27 Living Peacefully

Living harmoniously with yourself, others, and all sentient beings
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around you
Living in peace is both an outward and an inward process
Outwardly - respect and love each other in spite of our cultural,
religious, and political differences
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Inwardly - search our hearts and minds and understand the fear
that causes the impulse for violence
In continuing to ignore the rage within, the storm outside will never ___________________________________
subside..
Once energy of thought, word and actions is balanced peace
will be dawned
Ways to have peaceful living
• Do Not Interfere In Others’ Business Unless Asked:
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•we have convinced ourselves that our way is the best way & our
logic is the perfect logic

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Slide 28 Forgive And Forget:
• powerful aid for peace of mind, but also challenging to achieve.
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•Do Not Crave For Recognition:
•People praise you when you are in power & not sooner you are
powerless
•They will forget your achievement and will start finding faults in ___________________________________
you
• Why do you wish to kill yourself in striving for their recognition?
•Do Not Be Jealous:
•Jealousy will take away your peace of mind.
•Change Yourself:
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•Change yourself to suit your environment that brings peace in
mind and life
•Endure What Cannot Be Cured:
•Learn to put up with inconveniences. Believe in yourself and you
will gain patience, inner strength and will power.
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•

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Slide 29 Do Not Bite Off More Than You Can Chew:

• Know your limitations and limit your material engagements
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• It will prevent you from thinking of matters that upset you
• A clear mind is always a peaceful mind
Never Leave The Mind Vacant:
• An empty mind is the devil’s workshop ___________________________________
• Keep your mind occupied in something positive, Engage on
something that holds your interest
Do Not Procrastinate And Never Regret: (postpone)
 Do it right now. Tomorrow will never come
 Do not regret. Whatever happened was destined to happen ___________________________________
Self Respect
moral concept of valuing oneself in some morally suitable way
(e.g) It's difficult to keep your self-respect when you have been
unemployed for a long time
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Self-respect is the respect you have for yourself, while ego is your
understanding of your own importance

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Slide 30 Two types

1. Recogninition self respect 2. Appraisal self respect
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Recogninition self respect
“an appreciation that a person has for his own inherent worth in
virtue of being a person, along with a desire to preserve this ___________________________________
appreciation and a disposition to act in ways that protect it”

 Appraisal self respect

Appraisal-respect is exclusively an attitude of positive appraisal of
a person’s excellence ___________________________________
It can be either as a person or as engaged in some pursuit
It does not call for any action on the part of the subject, nor
restrict the subject’s range of possible actions.
The subject judges the object to be deserving of respect because
he manifests excellences of character which are deemed worthy
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of respect
(a tennis player's respect for her opponent's strong backhand)

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Slide 31 Courage (also called bravery, bravado or valour)
It is the choice and willingness to confront agony, pain,
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danger,uncertainty or intimidation
Physical courage
Courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, death or
threat of death (e.g) fire fighter trying to rescue victims
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Moral courage
The ability to act rightly in the face of popular
opposition, shame, scandal, discouragement, or personal loss
(eg; Malala, Anna Hazare)
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Steps to develop Courage
1. Learn to face reality
2. Have a good value system and adhere to that
3. Build a good character
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4. Have a clean mind & thought

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Slide 32 Valuing Time:

It means giving importance to time
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Time is precious and can not be regained once it is lost
“A stitch in time saves nine”
MNC counts on your work engagement
For an entrepreneur time estimation for a job is a must ___________________________________
Good way of time management is to prioritize the work
By knowing the value of time one should be able to tell
what tasks are worthwhile to perform,
which tasks give a poor return.
This helps to manage good performance with profit ___________________________________
• The history of great reformers and innovators have stressed
the importance of time and valuing time.
The proverbs,
Time and tide wait for nobody‘ and ‘̳Delay is the thief of time‘
‘Delay is dangerous’ amply illustrate this point ___________________________________

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Slide 33 An anecdote to highlight the ̳value of time‘ is as follows:

To realize the value of one year, ask the student who has failed in the
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examinations;.
To realize the value of one month, ask the mother who has delivered
a premature baby;
to realize the value of one week, ask the editor of weekly;
to realize the value of one day, ask the daily wage laborer;
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to realize now the value of one hour, ask the lovers longing to meet;
to realize the value of one minute, ask a person who has missed the
train;
to realize the value of one second, ask the person who has survived
an accident;
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to realize the value one millisecond, ask the person who has won the
bronze medal in Olympics;
to realize the value of one micro second, ask the isro team of
scientists;
to realize the value of one nanosecond, ask a Hardware Engineer;
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Slide 34 Cooperation
Co-operation is the activity between two persons or sectors that
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aims at integration of operations (synergy), while not
sacrificing the autonomy of either party
Many animal and plant species cooperate with other
members of their own species and with members of other species ___________________________________
(e.g) Lion after hunting share the prey
Crows on seeing food call their fellow mates
Co-operative financial institutions
(banks, societies, self help scheme etc) ___________________________________
Co-operative business federations
(Avin, marketing, Amul etc)
Cooperation in Engineering
It is a team spirit present with every individual engaged in
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engineering.

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Slide 35 Usefullness
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1. coherence - blending of different skills towards common goals
2. Willingness to understand others, think and act together
3. Cooperation promotes co linearity, coherence (blend),
coordination (activities linked in sequence or priority) and the ___________________________________
synergy (maximizing the output, by reinforcement)
4. The whole is more than the sum of the individuals
5. It helps in minimizing the input resources (including time) and
maximizes the outputs, which include quantity, quality, ___________________________________
effectiveness, and efficiency.
The impediments to successful cooperation are:
1. Clash of ego of individuals
2. Lack of leadership and motivation ___________________________________
3. Conflicts of interests, based on region, religion, language, and
caste
4. Ignorance and lack of interest.

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Slide 36 Developing Co operation

careful planning,
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motivation,
leadership,
fostering and rewarding team work
professionalism and humanism beyond the ̳divides‘,
training on different cultures,
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mutual understanding

Commitment
- willingness to give your time and energy to something that you ___________________________________
believe in
-a promise or firm decision to do something.
Commitment means acceptance of the responsibilities & duties
Cooperation means help and assistance
Two types - essential for students ___________________________________
Organizational commitment - one’s involvement in the
employing organization

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Slide 37 -should be an affective commitment that reflects pride in
belonging and emotional attachment to the organization
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-Engineering has many characteristics of a profession.
-Engineers have careers in organizational settings
-effects of commitments on job satisfaction, job performance and ___________________________________
job problems are important in an engineering work environment
Two types of commitments – Prof & Org
Professional commitment –
individual’s loyalty to career
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the desire to stay in a profession
sense of responsibility toward the profession's particular
problems & challenges
loyalty to colleagues doing similar work and professional ___________________________________
norms
(e.g) Nurses (in pandemic period)

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Slide 38 Organizational commitment ___________________________________

commitment to the organisation
Person feel a connection with his organisation
feels that he fits in
Feels that he understands the goals of the organisation
they tend to be more determined in their work ___________________________________
show relatively high productivity and are more proactive in
offering their support
Three Types
1. Affective - agree with org and desire to be with org
2. Continuance – you can not afford to leave the org
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3. Normative – pressure from others to remain in the org
- generally lower among a highly professionally Committed work
force like scientists & engineers
Reason – loyalty toward their profession – attending ___________________________________
professional conferences, and fostering ongoing work
collaborations

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Slide 39 signals that indicate the work team is committed &

cooperating.
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•• maintaining or increasing quality
•• reaching or exceeding production targets
•• decreasing complaints from team members
•• limited conflict between team members ___________________________________
•• fewer workplace injuries

Escalation of Commitment
-Tendency of an individual or organisation
-Tendency to continue with a course of action ___________________________________
-But the course of action shows indication of failure to accomplish
the goal
-nuclear power plant in Long Island, New York began in 1966 –
cost estimate $75 million.
-because of public resistance the project wasn't completed until
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1986 at a cost of more than $6 billion. In the end, the plant never
opened.

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Slide 40 1. (e.g) a student put much effort to get a degree in a course with
no scope of better employment – (individual)
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2. A company accepts a contract from DAE/DOS with stringent Q
norms. Component made by the company with limited
knowledge and facility constrain could not meet the end use –
(Corporate) ___________________________________
3. Pak ISI spend money and time spreading terrorism in Indian
soil. Ended in chaos (government)

Possible Reasons
1. Perception of performance may be biased by initial decision - ___________________________________
ask an outsider to evaluate the decision and be open to
disconfirming evidence
2. Any loss from an initial investment will distort our judgment
towards continuing the selected course of action - A rational
decision maker should evaluate potential consequences from
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different reference points.

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Slide 41 3. We do not want to admit failure and try to appear consistent ___________________________________
to others - Unwillingness to revise the position regardless of
its impracticality is publicly perceived as evidence of strength
4. The dangerous trap is competitive motive to “win” rather
than seek out gains - When two parties become determined
to beat the other side, the stage is set for an escalatory ___________________________________
battle in which both loose

Respect for others

Polite gesture towards others ___________________________________
Respect (lite):
1. Can be seen when being polite, considerate and mindful
of another person
can be demanded from others as a mark of polite ___________________________________
consideration to their rank, seniority, experience or
standing in the world(e.g: “respect your elders”)
Respect should be best earned rather than demanded

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Slide 42 Respect (full)

1. Respecting the intrinsic dignity (inherent/inborn virtue) of all
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other people
- intrinsic dignity – value of human - not because of any social
standing (racism)
- It is an ability to evoke admiration or any particular set of ___________________________________
talents, skills, or powers
-intrinsic dignity varied over time and across cultures
To some people- acts of indignity -telling lies, going on dates,
wearing exposing clothes, intake of alcohol etc ___________________________________
for some others - these are nothing more than mere personal
choices
2. The source of intrinsic dignity - religion, personhood(secular)
Personhood here links principled opposition to all forms of
discrimination against persons – whether it be because of age, ___________________________________
gender, sexuality, race, religion
two versions of respect are clearly related

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Slide 43 Relevance to Engg
1) Polite, respectful debate about controversial issues avoiding
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harmful consequences
2) It can (and should) go deeper – right back to recognition of
the intrinsic dignity of others
3) should attack the arguments and not the person
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4) should refrain from insulting, bullying, silencing or oppressing
others even if we fundamentally disagree with them
5) Civilised and principled disagreement can help avoid matters
getting out of hand ___________________________________
6) Better forms of deliberation are on the principle of respect for
persons – and acknowledging their intrinsic dignity – even
when we are opposing them
7) It yields collateral benefit ___________________________________

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Slide 44 Caring
Be more generous: with time or money, or both
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Caring in Engineering:
a. More opportunities to care & concerns of affected society
b. Humanitarian& environmental issues during project execution
c. Treat others like you want to be treated ___________________________________
d. Strieve for up liftment of society - Cheaper technology, cost
effective manufacturing techniques
e. Engineers - being a key personality in an industry – must
posses
1. Be considerate of others ___________________________________
2. Being considerate is being caring
Put yourself in some ones shoes
1. Compliment others though messy
2. Anticipate the needs of others
3. be considerate of others when you are in public
___________________________________
4. A person who can care others can be able to understand
and visualise the options and obligations of others

___________________________________

___________________________________

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Slide 45 5. Person with good exposure and experience will learn better
through their exposure
___________________________________
6. Patient hearing will lead to better caring

Sharing
 Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space. ___________________________________
 It is also the process of dividing and distributing

Sharing for Engineers

1. Design data sharing- tech transfer/transfer to fab hub
(e.g) KS between engineering Institution & Industry, R&D joint ___________________________________
ventures
1. Multi disciplined systems engineering approach prevails for
multi scale engineering
2. Knowledge sharing is essential in engineering project design
teams to achieve an efficient design
___________________________________
3. To improve knowledge sharing, better knowledge leadership
is essential

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________
Slide 46 knowledge leadership
1. constant development and innovation of information
___________________________________
resources, individual skills, knowledge and learning
networks
2. Effective knowledge sharing depends on knowledge leaders
to develop a share vision, and promote a trustworthy and ___________________________________
collaborative environment for designers
3. Global sprit of collaboration & partnership
4. Knowledge sharing and technology insemination among
members
5. Data sharing in public domain for knowledge growth and ___________________________________
public betterment (internet)
6. Global market economy promotes technology transfer and
adoption
(e.g) Transfer – automotive, cell phones, multimedia systems
Adoption – make in India program
___________________________________

___________________________________

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Slide 47 Honesty
 being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and sincere
___________________________________
 Honesty - valued in many ethnic and religious cultures
"Honesty is the best policy" (Benjamin Franklin)
"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom “ (Thomas Jefferson)
•engineers are required and expected to seek and to speak the ___________________________________
truth conscientiously and to avoid all acts of deception(deceiving)
(public safety, removing fear of the society, safeguard public
interest)
•engineers to “Issue public statements only in an objective and ___________________________________
truthful manner”
(power crisis, hazard of radiation leak, atmospheric pollution
level etc)
• engineers to “Avoid misleading acts”
(ignoring safety maintenance, avoiding precautionary measures, ___________________________________
misinformation to subordinates to get things done, cashing by
false advertisement etc)

___________________________________

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Slide 48 Truthfulness in research: ___________________________________

–Honesty in conducting/reporting experiments
–No theft of others’ results
–No misuse of research funds
For engineering students & Faculty
Misrepresentation: ___________________________________
• giving false information to an instructor, (by lying why one missed a test)
• Failure to contribute to a collaborative project:
(failing to do one’s fair share on a joint project)
• Sabotage:
preventing others from doing their work, (by disrupting their lab experiment)
___________________________________
Theft:
Stealing, for example, stealing library books or others property
Faculty - unethical behaviour
Failure to show up/(take up) for class,
Failure to monitor exams/report, re-use of old exams
___________________________________

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Slide 49 Self Confidence
Self-confidence is a person's belief in their own ability
___________________________________
Self-confidence relates to self-assuredness in one‘s personal
judgment, ability, power, etc.
Self-confidence in engineering:
understand a system so thoroughly: (Know design logic, fab issues,
___________________________________
snags and analysis, fit for purpose decisions etc )
Known exactly how it fails, known when it won’t fail; gain
confidence in oneself despite numerous failings (know design
pressure, operating pressure, yielding, defects presence and
rectification, acceptance test data etc)
___________________________________
important source of self-efficacy/confidence was found to be
past experience of success or failure
(lessons learnt, recollecting attempts to avoid failure, adopted
modes for success etc)
___________________________________

___________________________________

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Slide 50 Ways to improve self confidence ___________________________________

a) Visualize yourself as you want to be (think high)
b) Affirm(declare) yourself (assume status)
c) Do one thing that scares you every day(not in long run)
d) Question your inner critic (for correction) ___________________________________
e) Take the 100 days of rejection challenge(desensitize oneself to rejection)
f) Set yourself up to win(focus on “did-it" lists rather “to-do" lists)
g) Help someone else(volunteer to mentor, practically assist or
teach another) ___________________________________
h) Care for yourself (good physical, emotional and social health)
i) Create personal boundaries(knowing strength & weakness,
accept challenge within that, will be improve self-confidence)
j) Shift to an equality mentality(see yourself as being equal to
everyone
___________________________________

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Slide 51 Character
The character of a person – combination all the qualities
___________________________________
possessed – that make them distinct from other people
(e.g) short temper, brilliance, hygienic, kind hearted)
Two types
I. Some character traits have to do with values/beliefs
(e.g: Religious, Honest, Loyal, Devoted, Loving, Kind,
___________________________________
Sincere, Ambitious, Satisfied, Happy, Faithful, Patient)
II. Some characteristics can be consciously developed, learned
or acquired
(e.g) character traits that Engineers consciously choose to learn ___________________________________
or adopt include:
• Education or acquiring Information
• Desire to Figure Things Out(solve) ...
• Applied Creativity(innovation). ...
• Math Skills. ...
• Mechanical Skills. ...
___________________________________
• Listening and Problem-Solving Skills. ...
• Interpersonal and Leadership Skills

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Slide 52 Spirituality
Religion: set of organised beliefs and practices, usually shared
___________________________________
by a community or group
Spirituality:
Individual practice
if you cultivate your body, mind, emotions and energies to a ___________________________________
certain level of maturity, something else blossoms within you –
that is what is spirituality
(e.g)Game of football
The rules, referees, other players and the field markings help ___________________________________
guide you as you play the game. similar way that religion might
guide you to find your spirituality.
•Kicking the ball around a park, without having to play on the field
or with all the rules and regulations, can also give you fulfilment
and fun and still expresses the essence of the game - similar to
___________________________________
spirituality in life

___________________________________

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Slide 53 Deep thinking on anything - makes us spiritual and gives us a

sense of peace and happiness
___________________________________
Root systems of plants are excellent optical fibres -- will
appreciate only in deep thinking - this knowledge could only come
once we had enough technology for creating fibre optics, lasers
etc – (deep thinking) ___________________________________
Most wars are resource related -
As we advance spiritually and technologically we will stop waging
wars
- the resources available will be for comforts to all of humankind ___________________________________
•Determine type of people you want to surround yourself with
•Volunteer to indicate which is important to you;
•Learn to meditate (focus one's mind for a period of time)
•Use movement to connect with your own body (mudras)
•Create rituals – a small activity that increases your sense of ___________________________________
calm? And how can you transform it into a daily ritual

___________________________________

___________________________________

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Slide 54 An idea or practice is "spiritual" when it reveals our personal

desire to establish a felt-relationship with the deepest meanings
___________________________________
or powers governing life.”
Examples:
• Computers:
– Developed & adopted over about three decades ___________________________________
– Significant impacts on society:
• Not well understood or nor always predicted, e.g: The Y2K bug
– However largely accepted as a positive technology
• Nuclear power stations
– Developed & adopted over about three decades ___________________________________
– Significant impacts on society:
• Not well understood nor always predicted, eg. Chernobyl
– Widespread concern & installed capacity in decline
___________________________________

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Slide 55 Role of Engineers & Social Expectation ___________________________________
Engineering is one of the key influences that shapes our society
 Engineers - to provide innovation and inventions that shapes
and improve the way of live and work
Engineers - responsibility and a great opportunity to ensure that
___________________________________
they have a positive influence in society
reduce negative impacts (e.g) Smart home
Engaging with the community affected to keep them informed
and listen to their concerns (e.g) power cuts
___________________________________
Design infrastructure systems that provide benefits to the
communities they affect (providing school for displaced people)
using the opportunity to regenerate the local community (by ___________________________________
building homes or shops)

___________________________________

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Slide 56  Consider construction project to deliver additional, ___________________________________

beneficial services
(could new superfast broadband connectivity be introduced when
the train line is built)
 Engineers also have to manage the risks posed by the
technologies they develop ___________________________________
(job loses due to automation)
 understanding the immediate safety implications of its
development and use (nuclear power generation)
 unforeseen or long term risks - important to the engineer ___________________________________
(example, synthetic biology, nanotechnologies and
autonomous/automatic systems all offer potential benefits and
opportunities)
they all pose potential dangers, from the release into the
environment of substances whose behaviour is not fully
___________________________________
understood

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

Slide 57  emerging technologies - public fears or objections about their

use - engineers need to take seriously
___________________________________
 Engineers have the opportunity - engage in projects –yield
positive contribution & help to solve problems faced by society
 Engineers role to play in developing energy efficient
technologies and low carbon energy generation - will be essential
to limiting climate change
___________________________________
crucial role in adapting our infrastructure to the effects of a
changing climate resilient to severe storms (making roads,
railways, energy and communications systems)
___________________________________
 to protect quality of life as the risk of major flood and other
extreme weather increases
 globally can contribute- affordable and appropriate
infrastructure for under developing countries, deliver clean
water, sanitation, power & communications to poor communities
___________________________________

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Slide 58  Engineers role in developing healthcare systems - such
systems in developing countries at an affordable price
___________________________________
 Engineering can improve quality of life - providing essential
services such as energy and healthcare (entertainment
electronics, house hold electrical appliances, power saving, super
conductivity etc) ___________________________________
Engineering offers - remote connections to workplaces, virtual
meetings, automation & robotics - people to get more out of
their work and free time
Engineering supports - economy, creating jobs and
___________________________________
prosperity, helping nations to grow economically.
engineers engage with the wider public. We responsible - limit
our energy use and the pollution
Engineers - major role – listen to society - inform what
___________________________________
engineering can achieve - focus their efforts to ensure that
engineering meets the needs of people

___________________________________

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Slide 59 ___________________________________

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