Circular Functions

Learner's Module in Pre-Calculus

Quarter 2

JENNYLYN B. BONAYAO
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
No. 82 Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through
the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation Division
(CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be
acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an
enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

2
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development System, Department of
Education, School Division of CAR which is in response to the implementation of the
K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education-CID, Schools

Division of CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance in Pre-Calculus Grade 11.

Date of Development October 2020

Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Learning Area Mathematics
Grade Level 11
Learning Resource Type Module
Language English
Quarter/Week Q2/W3
STEM_PC11T-Ilb-1
Learning Competency Code
STEM_PC11T-Ilb-2
Illustrate the different circular functions
Uses reference angles to find exact
Learning Competency
values of circular functions

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the
development of this module. The fulfillment of this learning material would not be
possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and cooperation.

Thank you all for your moral and technical support in the crafting of this
learning module. To my colleagues in our school for sharing your knowledge and
expertise as I developed this learning resource. Lastly, to the office of DepEd
Division of Baguio City for giving us the opportunity to discover our skills as module
writers.

DIVISION LRMS STAFF

PRISCILLA A DIS-IW CHRISTOPHER DAVID G. OLIVA

Librarian-II Project Development Officer II

LOIDA C. MANGANGEY
EPS-LRMS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

CHRISTOPHER C. BENIGNO, PhD

OIC – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COPYRIGHT NOTICE​ ​………………………………………….………….…. . ii
PREFACE iii
…………………………………………………………………….…..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………… …….……. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………….……. …. v
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………… 1
What I Need to Know
Learning Objectives …………………………………………………………. 2
What I Know
Pre-assessment ..…..…………………………………………….…………. 3
What’s In……………………………………………….…………………………. 4
What’s New……………………….………………….….…………….…………. 4
What’s In It
Reference Angle …………………………………….……………………... 5
Circular Function …………………………………….……………………... 6
What’s More ……………..…………….………………………………………… 9
What I Have Learned...………..……………………………………………… 9
What I Can Do………………………………………………………….……… 10
Post-Assessment …………………...………………………………………… 10
Additional Activity..……………………………………………….……………… 11
ANSWER KEY…………………………………………….…………………….. 12
REFERENCES ……..…………………………………………...……...…….… 13

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 Circular Functions
Learner's Module in Pre-Calculus
Quarter 2 ● Module 3

JENNYLYN B. BONAYAO
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

1
 What I Need to Know​ing

Welcome to this module on CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS!

This module is intended to help you, learners, understand and master circular
functions. It is designed to equip you with essential knowledge about the said topic
and skills on finding the reference angle, evaluating trigonometric functions and
solving problems involving trigonometric functions.

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

This module contains several lessons. To make the most out of it, you need to do the
following:
1. Scan the list of ​Learning Objectives t​ o get an idea of the knowledge and skills you
are expected to gain and develop as you study the module. These outcomes are
based on the content standards, performance standards, and learning competencies
of the K to 12 Curriculum General Mathematics.
​ our score will determine your knowledge of the lessons in
2. Take the ​What I Know. Y
the module. If you get 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next
module. Otherwise, you must go through the lessons.
3. Each ​Lesson a​ ims to develop one of the learning objectives set for the module. It
starts with an activity that will help you understand the lesson and meet the required
competencies.
4. Take your time in reading this module. Write down points for clarification. You may
discuss these points with your teacher.
5. Perform all activities and answer all worksheets. The activities and assessments
are designed to enhance your understanding of simple interest and compound
interest. The activities will also give you an idea how well you understand the
lessons. Review the lessons if necessary, until you have achieved a satisfactory
level of understanding.
6. At the end of the module, take the ​Post-Assessment ​to evaluate your overall
understanding about the lessons.

Learning Objectives
​At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Identify the different circular functions.
2. Find the values of trigonometric functions on the unit circle.

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 What I Know​retest
INSTRUCTION: ​Find out how much you already know about circular functions. Read
and answer each question carefully.

1. It is a positive acute angle formed by the terminal side of the angle and the
x-axis.
a. Coterminal b. Reference c. Standard d. Quadrantal
2. What is the reference angle of 240° ?
a. 30° b. 45° c. 60° d. 210°
3. Find the reference angle of − π3 .
π 5π π 5π
a. − 3
b. − 3
c. 3
d. 3

4. In which quadrant the reference angle of − 250° located?

a. Quadrant I b. Quadrant II c. Quadrant III d. Quadrant IV
5. What do we call the reciprocal function of cosine?
a. Cosecant b. sine c. cosine d. secant
6. In which quadrant is cos θ positive?
a. QI and QIV c. QIII and QIV
b. QII and QIII d. QII and QIV
7. In what quadrant are all the circular functions positive?
a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV
8. x
What trigonometric function has a ratio of y
?

a. Sin b. Cos c. Tan d. Cot

9. What circular function gives an undefined answer when evaluating 90° ?
a. Sin b. Cos c. Tan d. Cot
10. What is the sine of 5π
6
?
1 1
a. -1 b. 1 c. − 2
d. 2

11. What is the exact value of ( 5π

3
) ?

a. − √3
b. 2√3
c. − 2√3 d. 2
2 3 3

12. If tan⁡θ < 0 and csc⁡θ > 0, then θ terminates in quadrant ______.
a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV
e.
π
13. Find the exact value of tan tan 3
− cos cos 60° .

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 1 c. 1
a. √3 b. √3 − 2 d. √3
− √3
2 3 2
π
14. Find the exact value of cos cos π − tan 4
.

a. 0 b. − 2 c. − 1 d. Undefined
15. Find the exact value of sin sin π − cos cos π .
a. 0 b. 1 c. − 1 d. Undefined

Chapter 2: Circular Function

What’s In
Recall the concepts you have learned from the previous topics which are on angles
in a unit circle then answer the activity.

What’s New
4
In this lesson, we will be tackling trigonometric functions. When a point (x, y) exists
on a coordinate plane, you can calculate the trigonometric functions of the angle
between the positive x-axis and the line segment from the origin to the point (x, y) .
The following are the six trigonometric functions. Write the abbreviated form of each.

S ine = _____________ C osine = __________ T angent = ___________

C osecant = ________ S ecant = __________ C otangent = _________

What Is It

In this​ ​lesson you will learn how to find the reference angle of a given angle​.

The values of the trigonometric functions of angles greater than 90°( or less than 90°) can be
determined from their values at corresponding acute angles called reference angles. Let θ
be an angle in standard position, its reference angle is the acute angle α formed by the
terminal side of θ and the horizontal axis.

Quadrant I Quadrant II Quadrant III Quadrant IV

Quadrant I II III IV

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Radian α = θπ/180° α=π−θ α=θ−π α = 2π − θ

Degrees α=θ α = 180° − θ α = θ − 180° α = 360° −

Examples:

https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/43200/43215/unit-circle7_43215.htm

Use the unit circle above to find the reference angle α for each angle θ.
1. θ = 330°
Solution:​ Since 330° is between 270° and 360° , then the θ is located at
quadrant IV.Therefore reference angle is 360° − 330° = 30° .
2. θ =− 5π 6
Solution:
Step 1: ​Determine the coterminal of − 5π 6
.
To determine the coterminal simply add or subtract the value by 360 or 2π .
Since t​he​ θ is negative, let us add by 2π .​ So its coterminal is 7π
6
.

Step 2:​ Determine which quadrant the coterminal is located.

Since π < 7π 3π
6 < 2 , then θ is located at quadrant III.

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 Step 3:​ Determine the reference angle:
The reference angle is
7π
6
− π = π6

3. θ = 11π
3
Solution:
Step1: ​Determine the coterminal of θ.
To determine the coterminal simply add or subtract the value by 360 or 2π .
So since 11π
3
is positive, let’s subtract by 2π. So the coterminal is 5π
3
.
Step1: ​Determine which quadrant the coterminal is located.
​Using the unit circle,​ 5π
3
is located in quadrant IV.
Step 3:​ Determine the reference angle:
The reference angle is
5π 6π−5π
2π − 3 = 3
π
= 3

In this lesson, you will learn to evaluate trigonometric functions of any angles.

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 EVALUATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

​Example 1:​ Evaluating circular function of a quadrantal

1. Evaluate the six circular functions of 180°

Solution:Since θ is a quadrantal angle whose terminal side lies on the x-axis, then it
has a coordinate of (− 1, 0) . So, x =− 1 and y = 0.

1 1
sin 180° = y = 0 csc 180° = y
= 0
= undef ined
1 1
cos 180° = x =− 1 sec 180° = x
= −1
=− 1
y 0 x −1
tan 180° = x
= −1
=0 cot 180° = y
= 0
= undef ined

Example 2:​ Evaluating circular function using reference angle

2. Evaluate tan (− 210°)

Solution:
Step 1:​ Determine the coterminal
The angle − 210° is coterminal with 150° .
Step 2:​ Find the reference angle
Since the coterminal is located in quadrant II. Then the reference angle is
180° − 150° = 30°

Step 4:​ Evaluate the trigonometric function

Using the unit circle, 30° has an x and y -coordinate of √3 2
and 12
respectively. So getting the ratio of tan θ which is y /x , then we have:
tan (− 210°) = tan tan 30° = √3
3

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Step 3:​ Determine the sign of the function

Since it is located in quadrant II, then it is negative. So we have

tan (− 210°) =− tan 30° =− √33

3π
3. Find the six circular functions of 4

Solution:
3π √2 √2 √2 √2
Since 4
is in QII, its coordinates are (− ,
2 2
). So, x =− 2
and y = 2
.
Then, the six circular functions are:
3π √2
sin 4
=y= 2
3π √2
cos 4
= x =− 2
√2
3π y
tan 4
= x
= 2
=− 1
− √2
2

3π 1 1 2 √2 2√2
csc 4
= y
= √2 = √2
× √2
= 2
= √2
2

3π 1 1 2 √2 2√2
sec 4
= x
= = − × =− 2
=− √2
− √2
2
√2 √2

− √2 √2
cot 3π
4
= x
y
= 2
√2 = − 2
× 2
√2
=− 2√2
√
=− 1
2
2 2

Example 3:​ Evaluating the value of circular function.

3π π
4. Find the exact value of sin 4
− sin 6

Solution:
3π π
​Step 1: Find the value of sin 4
and sin 6
.
3π √2
sin 4
= 2
π 1
sin 6
= 2
3π π
Step 2: Evaluate the value of sin 4
and sin 6
.
√2 1 √2−1
2
− 2
= 2

What’s More

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 Activity 1:​ Using the unit circle, determine the quadrant in which the θ lie and find
the reference angle.
1. θ = 840°
2. θ =− 225°
3. θ = 32 π
11
4. θ = 4
π
25
5. θ = 6
π

Activity 2:​ Complete the table below by finding the missing circular functions of
the θ.

π π π π
θ 0 6 4 3 2

P (θ) (1, 0) ( √3 , 1)
2 2
( √2 , √2 )
2 2
( 12 , √3
2
) (0, 1)
sin θ 0 √2 1
2
√3 1
cos θ 1 2 2

tan θ 0 1 undef ined

csc θ 2 √2 1

sec θ 1 2√3 2
3

cot θ 1 0

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions.

1. For each quadrant on the coordinate plane, determine whether sine, cosine,
and tangent are positive or negative.
2. For each axis determine the value of sine, cosine, and tangent.

What I Can Do

10
Write a reflection on your learning on this chapter by answering each question.

Post-Assessment

INSTRUCTION: ​Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your
answers on the answer sheet provided at the last page of this module.

1. It is a positive acute angle formed by the terminal side of the angle and the
x-axis.
a. Quadrantal b. Standard c. Reference d. Coterminal
2. What is the reference angle of 315 ° ?
a. 30° b. 45° c. 60° d. 210°
3. Find the reference angle of − 5π
3
.
π 5π π 5π
a. 3 b. − 3 c. − 3
d. 3

4. In which quadrant the reference angle of − 150° located?

a. Quadrant I b. Quadrant II c. Quadrant III d. Quadrant IV
5. What do we call the reciprocal function of sine?
a. cosecant b. sine c. cosine d. secant

6. In which quadrants is sin θ positive?

a. QI and QII c. QIII and QIV
b. QII and QIII d. QI and QIV
7. In what quadrant are all the circular functions positive?

11
 a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV
y
8. What trigonometric function has a ratio of x
?
a. Sin b. Cos c. Tan d. Cot
9. What circular function gives an undefined answer when evaluating 90° ?
a. Sin b. Cos c. cot d. sec
10. 5π
What is the sine of 3
?
√3 1 1
a. − b. 1 c. − 2
d. 2
2

11. What is the exact value of ( 5π

6
) ?

a. − √3
b. 2√3
c. − 2√3 d. 2
2 3 3

12. If tan⁡θ < 0 and csc⁡θ > 0, then θ terminates in quadrant ______.
a. QI b. QII c. QIII d. QIV
13. π
Find the exact value of cos 3
− cos 60° .

a. √3 b. 0 c. 1 d. − 1
2
π π
14. Find the exact value of csc 6
− tan 4
.

a. 1 b. − 2 c. − 1 d. Undefined
15. Find the exact value of sin π − cos π .
a. 0 b. 1 c. − 1 d. Undefined

Additional Activity
State the quadrant(s) or quadrantal in which θ terminates based on the given
information.
1. tan θ > 0
2. tan θ < 0 and cos θ > 0

12
3. csc θ < 0 and cot < 0
4. sec θ < 0 and tan θ > 0
5. sin θ = 0

ANSWER KEY

13
REFERENCES
Burger, E., “Algebra 2,”2007. United States of America:Holt, Rinhart and Winston
Inc.
Larson,Ron, “Precalculus:Real Mathematics, Real People,”Sixth Edition.January 01,
2012.
Sedano, J. A Worktext in Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics.
https://www.mathwarehouse.com/sheets/trigonometry/periodic-functions/unit-circle-w
orksheet.php

14
https://bowieprecal.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/7/2/58727749/8_unit_circle_day_1.pdf

https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/43200/43215/unit-circle7_43215.htm

15
 ANSWER SHEETS FOR PRECALCULUS
QUARTER II – MODULE 3

Name: ____________________________ Score: ______________

PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

16
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

WHAT’S IN
A. 1. ________ B. 1. _________________
2. ________ 2. _________________
3. ________ 3. _________________
4. ________ 4. _________________
5. ________ 5. _________________
WHAT’S NEW

sine = _____________ cosine = __________

tangent = ___________

cosecant = ________ secant = __________

cotangent = _________

WHAT’S MORE
A. 1. Quadrant: _____ Reference angle: ________
2. Quadrant: _____ Reference angle: ________
3. Quadrant: _____ Reference angle: ________
4. Quadrant: _____ Reference angle: ________
5. Quadrant: _____ Reference angle: ________

A. Complete the table below by finding the six circular functions of the θ.

θ 0 π
6
π
4
π
3
π
2

P (θ) (1, 0) ( √23 , 21 ) ( √22 , √22 ) ( 21 , √23 ) (0, 1)

√2
sin sin θ 0 2 1
√3 1
cos cos 1 2 2

tan tan θ 0 1 undef ined

csc csc θ 2 √2 1
1 2√3
sec sec θ 3 2

cot cot θ 1 0
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Answer the following questions.
1. For each quadrant on the coordinate plane, determine whether sine, cosine,
and tangent are postive or negative.
a. Quadrant I:

17
 Positive:_______________ Negative:______________

b. Quadrant II:
Positive:_______________ Negative:______________

c. Quadrant III:
Positive:_______________ Negative:______________

d. Quadrant IV:
Positive:_______________ Negative:______________

2. For each axes determine the value of sine, cosine, and tangent.

Positive x-axis:
Sine=___________ Cosine=___________ Tangent=___________

Positive y-axis:
Sine=___________ Cosine=___________ Tangent=___________

Negative x-axis:
Sine=___________ Cosine=___________ Tangent=___________

Negative x-axis:
Sine=___________ Cosine=___________ Tangent=___________

POST ASSESSMENT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
1. Quadrant: ____________ 4. Quadrant: ________________
2. Quadrant: ____________ 5. Quadrant: ________________
3. Quadrant: ____________

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