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Lateral Earth Pressure

This document discusses lateral earth pressure and provides examples of calculating lateral forces on retaining structures. It defines three states of lateral pressure - at rest, active, and passive - and provides formulas for calculating the associated pressure coefficients. It then presents five situations involving retaining walls and sheet piles and asks for calculations of lateral earth forces, locations of resultant forces, and stability evaluations. Key parameters include soil unit weight, depth of backfill, water table level, soil friction angle, and structural dimensions.

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Dupio German II
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
522 views3 pages

Lateral Earth Pressure

This document discusses lateral earth pressure and provides examples of calculating lateral forces on retaining structures. It defines three states of lateral pressure - at rest, active, and passive - and provides formulas for calculating the associated pressure coefficients. It then presents five situations involving retaining walls and sheet piles and asks for calculations of lateral earth forces, locations of resultant forces, and stability evaluations. Key parameters include soil unit weight, depth of backfill, water table level, soil friction angle, and structural dimensions.

Uploaded by

Dupio German II
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE

This chapter will focus on the lateral stress exerted by the soil mass on a structure, such
as retaining walls, basement walls, and bulkheads.
Lateral Earth Pressure – it is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction.
 Lateral earth pressure is an important parameters for the design of bridge abutment,
different types of retaining walls (such as gravity retaining walls, cantilever walls,
buttresses), sheet piles and other retaining structures.
 It is important because it affects the consolidation behavior and strength of the soil also
because it is considered in the design of retaining walls, basements, tunnels etc.
THERE ARE 3 STATES OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE
1. AT REST (KO) – soil pressure which causes no wall movement.
Po = ko ɣ h

AT REST EARTH PRESSURE COEFFICIENT


Jaky, 1944 Ko = 1 – sinØ (NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED
Sherif, Fang & K = (1 – sinØ) + 5.5 ( – 1)
0
Sherif, 1984
Massarsch, 1979 Ko = 0.44 + 0.42PI
OCR Ko (OCR) = Ko(NC) √

2. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE (Ka)


Pa = ka ɣ h
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE COEFFICIENT (RANKINE’S THEORY, 1857)
Active Earth Pressure √
Coefficient K a =cos β [

When β = 0 Ka = (1 – sinØ) / (1 + sinØ )

3. PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE (Kp)


Pp = kp ɣ h
PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE COEFFICIENT (RANKINE’S THEORY, 1857)
Passive Earth Pressure √
Coefficient Kp =cos β [

When β = 0 Kp = (1 + sinØ) / (1 – sinØ )
Ø – angle of internal friction (or angle of shearing resistance)
β – slope of backfill (soil mass)

ADDITIONAL EARTH PRESSURE PARAMETERS


WATER PW = ɣW h
COHESION Pc = -2c√ (ACTIVE); Pc = 2c√ (PASSIVE)
SURCHARGE Pq = kq
SITUATION 1: A gravity retaining wall retains 10m of backfill having a unit weight of 17.70
KN/m3 and an angle of internal friction of 250 with a uniform horizontal surface. Assume that
the wall interface to be vertical.
a. Compute the magnitude of the total active force
b. Compute the magnitude of the total active force if the water table is at a height of 7m with
a submerged unit weight of 10KN/m3.
c. By how much is the location of the active force gets lowered due to the presence of the
water table?

SITUATION 2: A vertical retaining wall 5m high is supporting a horizontal backfill having a unit
weight of 16.5 KN/m3 and a saturated unit weight of 19KN/m3. Angle of internal friction above
and below the water are 300 and 280 respectively. Ground water table is located 3m below the
ground surface.
a. Determine the total lateral pressure at the base of the wall.
b. Determine the at rest lateral earth force per meter length of the wall.
c. Determine the location of the resultant force.
d. Determine the at rest lateral earth force per meter length of the wall if it carries a surcharge
of 50KPa.

SITUATION 3: A retaining wall has a vertical back and is 8m high. The soil is a sandy loam of
1.75Mg/m3. It shows cohesion of 13KPa and an angle of internal friction of 200. The upper
surface of the fill is horizontal.
a. Determine the critical depth of the wall.
b. Determine the total thrust on the wall
c. Determine the resultant thrust on the wall if drains are locked and water builds up behind
the wall until the water table is 3m above the bottom of the wall. Saturated unit weight of soil
is 2Mg/m3.

SITUATION 4: A cantilevered retaining wall was originally designed with a base width of 3m
but it is actually constructed with a base width of 1.8m. The original design incorporated a
factor of safety of 2 and ignored passive pressure.
a. Compute the total lateral force acting on the wall.
b. Compute the location of the resultant lateral force from the bottom of the wall footing.
c. Compute the new factor of safety against overturning moment about the toe.
0.9m

MOIST CLAYEY SAND BACKFILL


1.8m ɣDRY = 17.4 KN/m3
𝜔=4% Ø = 22%

WET SAND
ɣsat= 22.8 KN/m3
3.6m 𝜔=15%
WET SAND
ɣsat= 22.8 KN/m3
1.2m 𝜔=15%

1.8m

SITUATION 5: A vertical sheet pile supports a horizontal backfill having a height of 4.5m. The
backfill has a unit weight of 19.67KN/m3 and an angle of internal friction of 350.
a. Determine the required depth of penetration.
b. Compute the total active force on the sheet pile.
c. Compute the maximum bending moment in the cantilever sheet pile.

PREPARED BY: Engr. DLL

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