Best Approach

Indefinite Integration
WorkBook
Pattern-2
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

INTEGRATION
Q.
1  x 3 dx Q.
1
INTRODUCTION  x
  x  x  1 dx
Differential of y = f (x)
Q. Differential of x4, sin(x), tan(x), ln(x) 1
Q.   x  2  x  3 dx
Q. If d (F (x) + C) = f (x)
dx
  f  x dx = F(x) + C 1
Q.   x  n  x  n  dx
Note : Integration is family of curves
x
Q. Antiderivative of a periodic function Q.   x  2  x  3 dx
need not be periodic function.
Eg. f(x) = cos x + 1 is periodic but Standard Integration
  cos x  1 dx = sin x + x + C is aperiodic. dx 1  xa 
 ln 
x 2
a 2
2a  x  a 

n x n 1
(I)  x dx = n  1  C,n  1 Replace x by  (linear of x)

n 1 dx
 ax  b 
n Q. x
  ax  b  dx = a  n  1
2
(II) C  5x  6

n  –1, n  R x x ax  b eax  b
(I)  e dx  e  C e dx 
a
C
ln x
(III) e dx
ax a px  q
x px  q

 lnx2  1 
(II)  a dx  ln a ,  a dx  p ln a a  0
Q. e dx Q.  ln  ex  dx

2 x 1  5x 1 x
dx ln 2 ln x
Q.  10x dx Q.
a .e x dx
Q. Q.
2 x e dx
2 e3x  e5x
 2 
x x
m ln x Q. 3 dx Q.  ex  e x dx
Q. e dx Q. ln x
2 dx
mx ax
(I) 1
 xdx  ln | x |  C
Q.  a .b dx
(I)
ln  ax  b 
 sin x dx    cos x  C
dx
(II)  ax  b  a
C
    
1
cos  ax  b   C
(II)  sin ax b d
a
x 4  x 4  2 dx
Q.  x3
dx Q.  3  2x (III)  cos x dx  sin x  C
xdx 1
Q.  a  bx Q.
xdx
 x 2  2x  1 (IV)  cos  ax  b  dx  a sin  ax  b   C
dx Q.  1  sin x dx Q.  cos 2x cos 3x dx
Q.  2x  3  2x  3
4 cos x  cos 2x
Q.  sin xdx Q.  1  cos x dx

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

2 2
Q.  sin 2x cos xdx Q. dx 1 x
 sin x dx Q.  a 2  x 2  a tan
1

3
a
Q. Q. 4
 cos x dx  cos x dx dx x
cos5x  cos 4x 3
cos x  sin x 3 Q.  2
a x 2 = sin–1
a
Q.  Q.  dx
1  2cos 3x cos x  sin x
dx 1 x
Q. 0
Q. 2 Q. x  sec 1
 sin x dx  sec x dx  tan x  C x2  a2 a a

2 1 x 2  cos 2 x
(I)  sec (ax + b)dx = a
tan (ax + b) +C Q.  x 2  1 cosec2 x dx
2
(II)  cos ec x dx = –cot x + C x2
1
Q.  1  x 2 dx
2
(III)  cos ec (ax + b) = – a cot (ax + b) +C x4
cos 2x  2sin 2 x
Q.  1  x 2 dx
Q. dx Q.  dx
 1  cos x cos 2 x Fundoo Funda
Divide
1  cos x
Q.  1  cos x dx Q.  cot 2 x dx dx 1
Q.  Q. x 2
 x 1
dx
2 9  4x 2
Q.  sec x cosec x dx 2
dx
Q.  49  25x
  cot x cos x  dx
2 2 2
Q.

Q. 2 2 dx
 tan x sin x dx Q.   2x  7   x  3 x  4 
Q.  sec x tan x dx = sec x + C dx
Q.   x 2  4x  4 x 2  4x  5
 cos ec x cot x dx = – cosec x + C
a sin 3 x  b cos3 x Fundoo Funda
Q.  sin 2 x cos 2 x Multiply/Divide by Difference of
Roots.
cos ecx  tan 2 x  sin 2 x
Q.  dx Maha Shortcut
sin x
dx
dx sin x  Quad = tan–1( ) D<0
Q.  1  sin 3x Q. 
cos 2 x
(1 – 3 sin3 x) dx
= ln ( ) D>0
dx = Rational D=0
Q.  1  x 2  tan–1 x + C function
Q. Find f(x) if
dx
Q.  = sin–1 x + C f' (x2) = 1/x for x > 0, f(1) = 1
1 x2 Q. Find f(x) if
f' (sin2 x) = cos2x for all x, f(1) = 1
dx
Q. x x 12 =sec–1 x + C

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

Q. Find f(x) if
1 2x 5  3x 2
f' (sin x) = cos2x for all x, f(1) = 1 Q.  1/2 dx Q.  dx
x  x1/3 1  3x 3  x 6
Methods of Integration
1
1. By substitution  4 10
 1
2. Integration by parts Q.   1  3x 3  x3 dx
3. Partial fraction  
4. Misc. (kuturputur)
Q.  (tanx) dx = ln |sec x| + c = – (cos x) + C
Substitution
n Q.   cot x  dx = ln |sin x| + C
  f  x  f   x  dx Or

f  x  tan  ln x  
tan sin 1 x  dx
 f  x  n dx Or
Q. 
x
dx Q.  1 x2
 
cos x x cos x
f  x  Q.  cos  x  a  dx Q.   x sin x  cos x 2 dx
 f  x  dx Or

Start with y = f(x) sin 2x.dx

Q.  sin 5x.sin 3x
Illustrations 5

2
Q.  (sinx – cosx). (sinx + cosx) dx
Q.  tan x sec x dx Q.

2
tan x sec x dx
Q.
 
2sin x 2  1  sin 2 x 2  1   dx
Q. 5  tan x sec xdx Q.  2 tan x
dx x 2sin  x 2
 1  sin 2  x 2
 1
 sin 2x

  tan x  x  (sec x –1) dx

2
Q. x  e x  sin x  cos x   sin x cos x
Q.  2
dx
sec x4
x 2 x
 2e sin x  cos x 2

  tan 
3
Q. x  x tan 2 x dx Q.  dx
tan x
2
Q.  secx dx = ln (secx + tanx) + C
sec x 2x
Q.  tan x
2 x
dx Q.  1 x2
dx  x
or ln tan    + C
4 2
2x  sin 1 x
e x
cos e  dx
x

Q.  cosecx dx = l n (cosecx – cotx)

Q.  2
dx Q.  x
1 x
x
x7 or ln |tan |+C
2
Q. e
x
 
sin e x dx Q. 
1  x16
dx
sin x dx
2
x tan x 1 3 Q.  sin 2x dx Q.  4cos3 x  3cos x
Q.  dx Q.  n 2 (sec x) tan x dx
1  x6
sin 2x dx sin 2xdx Q. 
tan x  sec x  1
dx Q. 
cos ec tan 1 x
dx
 
Q.  Q.  tan x  sec x  1 1 x2
1  2sin 2 x 1  3cos 2 x
cos 2x dx
sin 2x dx tan x dx Q.  sin x dx Q.  sin x cos2 x
Q.  Q.  a  b tan 2 x
a sin 2 x  b cos 2 x
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

dx dx d
Q.  Q.  a sin x  b cos x write ax + b = A (px2 + qx + r) + B
3 sin x  cos x dx
 2x  3
Q. 
dx Q.   x 2  2x  2  dx
sec x  cos ecx
dx 8x  5
Q.  dx
Q.  tan x  cot x  sec x  cosec x 4x 2  4x  2
x 2
 nx dx 4x  3
Q. e dx Q.  ex  1 Q.  3x 2  3x  1 dx
ex 1 e x 1  x  2sin 2  cos 
d
Q.  x
e 1
dx Q.  sin 2  xe x  dx Q.  6  cos2
  4sin 
4y  1
Q.
  27e  e  dx
9x 12x
1/3
Q.  y2  4y  5 dy
Trigonometric Functions
Q.  tan(10x). tan (7x) . tan (3x)dx
General Substitution  sin x cos x dx
m n
m, n  n
(1) If one odd other even substitute term of
a 2  x 2 : x  a sin  a 2  x 2 ; x  a tan  even power
(2) Both odd substitute higher power
a2  x2 2
2 2
x  a ; x  x sec  2 2
; x  a 2 cos 2 T-function.
a x (3) Both even use T- identities to manipulate
dx dx (4) If m & n are rational numbers & m + n is
 x2  a2

 n x  x 2  a 2 &   x2  a2
negative even then, substitute
tan x  t 

 n x  x  a 2 2
 
or cot x  t 
Also create derivatives
e x dx x
Q.  e 2x  1
Q.
a x Examples
 1 x  Q.  sin x cos x dx
5 6
Q. cos 2 cot 1 
 1  x  Q. 3 5
 sin x cos x dx
(9  x 2 ) 3 x dx dx
Q.  x 6
dx Q.  3
a x 3 Q.  sin x cos3 x
xdx dx
Q.  x4  x2  1 Q.  sin 7/2 x cos13/2 x
25/13
linear Q.  sec cosec 27/13 x dx
  Quad dx
ax  b ax  b
Q.  px 2  qx  r dx  dx
px 2  qx  r
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

2 1 x
Q.  sin x cos 2 x dx Q.  n 1  x  dx
Integration By Parts
Rules :- Q.  n  x  x 2  a 2 dx 
(i) Choose 2nd Function which is easily inte-
grable xdx 1
Q.  1  sin x Q.  nx. dx
(ii) Choose 1st & 2nd functions such that after  x  12
by parts Complexity of 2nd term reduces as
compared to original integration Q.  x cosx cos2x dx
(iii) Note sometimes 1 is taken as a function x
ILATE Q.  e (1 + x)  n (xe ) dx x

I= x
 f
( x ) ·g
( x ) dx Q.  sin
1
ax
dx
I II
= 1st function  integral of 2nd  1 2a  x 
1
  (diff. co-eff. of 1st)
Q.  x sin   dx
2 a 
 (integral

of 2nd) d x x a2 x
indefinite integration without 1.  a 2  x 2 dx =
2
a 2 x 2 +
2
sin1 + c
a
constant of integration

Examples 2.  x 2  a 2 dx =
Q. x Q.  x sin x dx
 xe dx x 2
x a 2 +
a2
ln  x  x 2 a 2  + c
2  
2
Q.  x  nx dx Q.  x sec 2 x dx

Q.  n x dx Q.  x tan 1 x dx
3.  x 2  a 2 dx =

x a2
x 2 a 2  ln  x  x 2 a 2  + c
Q.  sin 1 x dx Q.  x 2n x dx 2 2  

3
Q.  x cos x sin 2 x dx Q.   tan  sec 2  d Q.  sec x dx
Two Classic Integrands
Q.  e x sin x dx Q.  e x cos x dx
(a)  e x  f  x   f   x   dx  e x f  x   c
Q.  cosec x  n (sec x) dx
2

(b)  (f(x) + xf'(x))dx = xf (x) + c

1
sin x 1 1 Examples
Q.  3/2
dx Q.  cos dx
x
1  x 
2
Q. x
 e  x  1 Q.  e x  cos x  sin x  dx
3
Q.  sec x dx Q.  x 2e3x dx x
Q.  e  cos x  sin x  dx
3 2
Q.  x n x dx Q.  e  tan x  sec x  dx
x 2

Q.  sin x.n (secx + tanx) dx Q.

x
 e sec x 1  tan x  dx
cos 1 x  1
Q.  dx Q.  sin   n x  Q. x
 ln x   dx
x3 e  x

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

Case II :
 x  2x sin 4x  2  Degree of P1 (x) < Degree of P2 (x)
Q. e x 
  1  x 2  dx Q.  e  1  cos 4x  dx (a) P2 is linear in x
 
x 2  2x  4
x  sin x For Example : 
Q.  tan x  x sec 2 x dx Q.  
1  cos x
dx  x  1 x  2 x  1
Let
 x 2  5x  7   x 1  2
Q.  e x   dx Q. x
   x  12  dx
e x 2  2x  4 A B C
  x  3 2    
     x  1 x  2  x  1 x  1 x  2 x  1
  7 1
x  sin x   A= , B = 4, C =
1 x 2 2
Q.  dx Q.  e x  3
  dx
1  cos x  1  x2 1 x2 
   2
 Form Formof partial fraction
px  q A B
xe x 
Q.  1  x 2 dx Q.  [sin(  n x) + cos (  n x) dx  x  a  x  b  x a x b
px  q A B

1  x  a 2 x  a  x  a 2
e tan x
1  x  x  dx Q.
2
nx px 2  qx  r A B C
Q.  1 x 2  1  nx  2
dx
 x  a  x  b  x  c 
 
x a x b x c
px 2  qx  r A Bx  c
x 2e x e x
 x  1 dx  x  a   x 2  bx  c 
 2
x  a x  bx  c
Q.   x  2 2 dx Q.   x  13 x 2  bx  c Can 't be factorized

e ax
1.  eax. sin bx dx=
a 2 b2
(a sin bx  b cos bx) + c (b) Denominator is repeated linear factor of x
x 2  2x  4 A B C
e ax   
2.  eax . cos bx dx =
a b2
2
(a cos bx + b sin bx) + c (i)
 x  1 x  1
2
x  1 x  1  x  12
2 3x (b) Denominator is quadratic in x
 e  x  dx  x e dx
x 4
Q. Q. (Not Factorized)
3
Q.  (x  3x  1)e 3 x dx x 2  2x  4 A Bx  C
(ii)   2
GENERAL CONCEPT  x  1  x 2
 x 1  x 1 x  x 1
g( x )
e f ( x )g' ( x )  f ' ( x ) dx Important Concepts
1
Q.  e tan x sin x  sec x dx  Linear  log
Partial Fraction
Case I: 1 x 3dx
Q.  2
dx Q.  x 4  3x 2  2
P1  x  x 2
1 
If P (x), P2(x) are polynomials
P2  x  1
dx dx
If degree of P1  P2 Divide & Move to Q.  x3  1 Q.  sin x(3  2 cos x )
case (2)

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

sin x 1  x cos x 1
Q.  sin 4x dx Q. Q.  dx
 x 1  x 2e2sin x  dx
1 x 
4
1 x  x 4 2

 x  1 x  2   x  3 1
Q.  dx
Q.   dx 4
 x  13  x  2 5
x  4   x  5  x  6 
x2
Q.   x sin x  cos x  2
dx
Q. Suppose f (x) is a quadratic function such that f
(0) = 1 and f (–1) = 4.
Trigonometric Functions
f (x) dx Type 1
If  x 2 (x  1)2 is a rational function, find the
dx dx
value of f (10).  a  bsin 2 x /  a  b cos2 x /
dx
Manipulating  a sin 2 x  b cos2 x  csin x cos x
Kuturputur Examples

dx dx dx dx
Q.  4  5sin 2 x Q.   3sin x  4cos x 2
Q.  x  x 2  1 Q.  x  x n  1
dx
x7 xdx Q.  3  cos2 x
Q.  5
dx Q.  3/2

1 x2  1  x  4
Type : 2
dx dx dx
Q.
dx
Q.  x2
dx  a  bsin x /  a  b cos x /  a  bsin x  c cos x
 4
x x 1  3

2
x  1 x2  dx dx
Q.  4  5cos x Q.  3  2sin x  cos x
Q.
 ax 2
 b dx 
 2 Q.
dx
 5  4sin x Q.
dx
 cos x  5  3cos x 
2 2
x c x  ax  b  2

dx sin 2x
x  cos   1 dx Q.  1  cos x  sin x Q.  sin 4 x  cos 4 x dx
Q.  3/2
x 2
 2x cos   1  dx
Q.  sin 4 x  cos4 x
 x  1 dx
Q.  x2 2x 2  2x  1
Type 3
a sin x  b cos x  c
6 4
Q.  ( x  x  x ) ·( 2 x  3x  6) 2 4 2 12
dx   sin x  m cos x  n dx
Working Rule :
2 x 1
Q.  2
dx Q.  8
dx d
x 1 x 1 x  Nr = A(Dr) + B  Dr   C
dx
x 4  x8 Compute A, B, C
Q.  1  x dx
4 7/ 2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

1 INTEGRATION OF IRRATIONAL
11cos x  16sin x
Q.  2 cos x  5sin x Q.  1  tan x dx ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION
Type1
1 1
Q.  dx Q.  1  cos ecx dx dx
1  cot x (a)  ( x) (x )(x) ( > )
1 6  3sin x  14cos x (Start: x =  cos2 +  sin2)
Q.  1  sec x dx Q.
 3  4sin x  5cos x dx
sin x
x
3e  5e x (b)  ( x )( x )
Q.  ex  sin x  cos x dx Q.  4e x  5e x dx dx
 ( x  ) ( x  ) (x  )
Q.  cos 2x ·ln (1  tan x ) dx (Start: x =  sec2  tan2)
Type4
x 2 1 x 2 1 5 x
 x 4 kx 2 1 dx or  x 4 kx 2 1 dx (c)  x2
dx (Start 2 cos2 + 5 sin2)

1
x2 1 x2  L1 dx
Q.  4
x  23x 2  1
dx Q.  x 4  1 dx L2
2 Working Rule : Put L2 = t2,
x2  1  x  1
Q.  4 dx Q.
x  7x 2  1  x 4  x 2  1 dx 1
Q L
dx
Q.  tan  d Q.  cot  d
Working Rule : Put L1 = t2
x17 1
Q.  dx L dx
1  x 24 Q
Note: cos x + sin x or cos x - sin x is loving in the
numerator if denominator contains 1
Working Rule : Put L = ,
t
a + sin 2x or b  sin2 x . However if cos x +
1
sin x or cos x - sin x  Q1 dx
appears in denominator and sin 2x in numerator, Q2
then manipulate differently. Case 1 : For Q1 D > 0
cos x  sin x dx Case 2 : For Q1 D = 0
Q.  dx Q.  Case 3 : For Q1 D < 0
2  sin 2x cos ecx  cos x
cos x
Q.  cos x dx Q.  dx
1
10  sin 2x 8  sin 2x dx
Q.   2x  2  2x  1
x 
Q.  x
dx or   x     x  dx dx
Put x = cos2
Q.   x 2  2x  2  x 1
x 
 dx or dx
x    x    x    dx Q.   x  1 x 2  2x  2
x = sec2 – tan2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Indefinite Integration

dx
Q.   x  1 x  2  x 2  2x  2
dx
Q.   x 2  6x  9  x 2  6x  4
dx
Q. 
x 2
2  x2  1
nth Integration
n
Q.   tan x  dx
n
Q.   cos x  dx
n
Q.  sin x  dx
n
Q. In    sin x  dx
5I4 – 6I6 = ?
(A) sinx cos5x + C
(B) sin2x cos2x
(C) sin2x cos4x
sin 2x 
(D) 1  cos 2 2x  2cos 2x 
8

n
Q.  sec x  dx
n
Q.   cot x  dx

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