Description and Application Manual: For 1SD536F2 SCALE Plug-and-Play IGBT Drivers
Description and Application Manual: For 1SD536F2 SCALE Plug-and-Play IGBT Drivers
Abstract
The intelligent gate drivers of the 1SD536F2 SCALE plug-and-play series are
advanced, ultra-compact, high-performance, single-channel drive
components. They were designed specifically for the precise and reliable
driving and perfect protection of high-power and high-voltage IGBT modules.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Contents
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Higher requirements for traction applications or similar...................................................... 21
Bibliography................................................................................................... 22
Evaluation Systems........................................................................................ 23
Quality ........................................................................................................... 24
Disclaimer ...................................................................................................... 24
Manufacturer ................................................................................................. 25
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Description and Application Manual
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
The following abstract points out the easy way to design megawatt
converters by using superior SCALE plug-and-play technology.
Furthermore, from page 9 you will gain greater insight into SCALE plug-and-
play drivers and will find must-read application notes.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
To speed-up your startup with SCALE plug-and-play drivers, CONCEPT offers ready-to-
use evaluation systems; see page 23.
If these specifications are ignored, both IGBTs and drivers may be damaged.
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Description and Application Manual
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
SCALE plug-and-play drivers are based on the sophisticated SCALE driver chipset. This
is a set of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that cover the main range of
functions needed to design intelligent gate drivers.
"SCALE" stands for Scaleable, Compact, All-purpose, Low-cost and Easy-to-use
This is a concise enumeration of the most outstanding properties of SCALE drivers.
For further information about the SCALE driver chipset, refer to the “Description and
Application Manual for SCALE Drivers” /4/.
Your Benefit:
The Application Advantages of SCALE Drivers
Reliable operation
1SD536F2 SCALE drivers were developed specifically for the precise and reliable driving
and protection of high-power and high-voltage IGBT modules.
Gate driving with a bipolar control voltage (typically ±15V) allows reliable operation of
IGBT modules with high interference immunity.
1SD536F2 SCALE drivers feature an active clamping function, which is the most reliable
and effective way of protecting costly IGBTs against overvoltage at turn-off, particularly
during conditions of overload and short circuit. Furthermore, di/dt feedback reduces the
high di/dt at turn-off and thus the overvoltage and oscillations after the turn-off of
high-power IGBTs (see paragraph “di/dt feedback” on page 15).
Electrical insulation
1SD536F2 SCALE plug-and-play drivers are equipped with DC/DC converters that
provide an insulated power supply for the driver circuitry.
Control signals are applied via external fiber-optic cables. In addition to electrical
insulation, this also ensures superior noise immunity even for long signal cables.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Status feedback
A status feedback is transmitted via the fiber-optic interface. This feedback enables the
host controller to monitor both gate driver and IGBT. Since each edge of the control
signal is acknowledged by this interface, a malfunction of the fiber-optic links can also
be detected by the host controller.
Overview
1SD536F2 SCALE drivers are plug-and-play single-channel drivers for high-power and
high-voltage IGBTs. All drivers of the SCALE driver family are equipped with usual
protection functions such as Vce monitoring for short-circuit protection, operation inhibit
after fault, supply-undervoltage shutdown and status feedback /3/, /4/.
Outstanding features of 1SD536F2 SCALE drivers are: ultra-compact size, simple
mounting - directly onto the IGBT module, advanced active clamping function, di/dt
feedback to reduce the high di/dt at turn-off (refer to paragraph “di/dt feedback” on
page 15). Active clamping describes an active scheme to protect the IGBTs against
overvoltage during turn-off. It is particularly relevant when turning an IGBT off in cases
of high collector current or short circuit.
Undervoltage protection
The driver circuitry includes an undervoltage protection function that inhibits the turn-
on of an IGBT in case the power supply voltage is too low.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Even in the case of a low power supply voltage, the driver provides a low-impedance
path from the IGBT gate to the emitter.
Within a half-bridge, it is advised not to operate the IGBTs with an IGBT
driver in the event of a low supply voltage. Otherwise, a high rate of increase
of Vce may cause a partial turn-on of these IGBTs.
Dm
+60V
Vce
Dz C'
Monitoring
+16V
FOL Input
Driver
Rg(on)
Control
Logic Σ Rg(off) G
FOL Status Cge
Output
E'
-16V
Power
Supply di/dt-
E
Monitoring feedback
F1
+60V
VDC +16V
+ PWM
Controller
-16V
DC/DC Converter
GND
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
+60V
3mA
Dm
Vce High
C
Ref 50V
Q1
Measure
G
E
1SD536F2 SCALE Driver
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Description and Application Manual
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Active clamping
Active clamping is a technique designed to partially turn the IGBT on in case the
collector-emitter voltage exceeds a predefined threshold. The IGBT is then kept in
linear operation. The basic circuitry is shown in Fig. 5.
The 1SD536F2 SCALE driver applies an advanced scheme based on this principle (see
the circuit in Fig. 6). For further details, refer to /2/ and /5/.
Vce(max) = Vdc + Vtr
Ls1
D
Vce Vtr
Ic
L
Id Vdc
Lesr Ls3
IL
Current Sense
Resr
0
t
Vdc Ls4
+ C
Ic Vge
0
Q Vce
Driver
Vge t
Ls2 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5
Legend to Fig. 5
t0 = Initiation of the turn-off process
t1 = Start of turn-off time
t2 = Start of collector current fall time
t3 = Maximum collector voltage
t4 = IGBT is blocking, start of tail current
t5 = End of tail current
In comparison with other driving methods, active clamping allows enhanced utilization
of the IGBT modules during normal operation by increasing the switching speed and
therefore reducing switching losses. The overvoltage at fault-current turn-off is also
managed by active clamping. For the maximum permitted DC link voltage, refer to the
gate driver data sheets /1/.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Dz
Iz Iz
Dz
+15V Ic +15V Ic
Z1 Z2
Driver Driver
Q Q
Rg Rin Rg
Iout Ig Ig
-15V -15V
Fig. 6 Basic active clamping circuitry (left) and advanced circuitry used in 1SD536F2
plug-and-play drivers (right)
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Description and Application Manual
di/dt feedback
The 1SD536F2 driver family is equipped with a di/dt feedback that reduces the high
di/dt during IGBT turn-off. This feature is particularly useful for high-power modules
equipped with trench-gate IGBTs. The high di/dt at turn-off leads to high voltage
surges, strong oscillations and thus also to EMC problems. These problems can be
resolved by keeping the gate voltage in the active region of the MOS channel of the
IGBT until the collector current goes to zero. So the di/dt feedback avoids current cut-
off and attenuates the oscillations without increasing the turn-off delay and dv/dt.
Some IGBT modules do not need di/dt feedback. Please read the relevant driver data
sheet /1/ to see if the driver is equipped with di/dt feedback or not.
Low-inductance layout
The active clamping function should not lead anyone to forget about the inductances of
the power stack. For several reasons, it is still necessary to reduce the DC-link stray
inductance to between about 20nH and 50nH (50nH and 100nH) using high-power
(high-voltage) IGBTs with SCALE plug-and-play drivers. It is not usually advantageous
to reduce this inductance further.
GND GND
-Viso
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Fig. 9 Standard version of the driver 1SD536D2 employing Agilent versatile links (A).
The driver is optionally available with either ST fiber optic links (B) having threaded
ports (opt. 1) or with SERCOS fiber optic links (opt. 2).
The signal delay of a driver, including the external fiber-optic links, is in accordance
with the test environment of Fig. 8. For the data, see Figs. 11 and 12.
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Operating mode
The appropriate response of a gate driver to a short-circuit event may depend on the
specific topology of the power converter. For a conventional 2-level topology, the
necessary turn-off of the IGBT can be performed autonomously by the gate driver. This
means that the turn-off is controlled locally irrespectively of the actual operation of
other IGBTs within the system. To choose this kind of operation, jumper J1 must be set
to “2-level mode”.
For 3-level or multilevel topologies, the right way to turn the IGBT off under fault
conditions is to apply a hierarchical control. That is, the host controller commands the
turn-off in response to a locally detected fault. The short-circuit event is therefore
transferred to the host controller via the status feedback signal while the IGBT is
temporarily kept in its on-state according to the command signal. The appropriate
switching sequence of the series-connected IGBTs must then be determined by the host
controller. To choose this kind of operation, jumper J1 is set to “3-level-mode”.
J1 Î 1-2 = 2-level mode
J1 Î 2-3 = 3-level and multilevel-mode
This jumper is shown in Fig. 10. Jumper positions 1 and 3 are labeled on the circuit
board.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
400ns
Vge
0
550ns
It is strongly recommended to have this status signal checked by the host controller.
Note that this signal also identifies a malfunction of the fiber-optic links, which may
otherwise cause a gate-driver or IGBT defect or a system malfunction.
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Description and Application Manual
Vin
0 (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = IGBT ON)
8.5us
400ns
Vge
0
Fig. 12 Failure status feedback; signals under short-circuit conditions in 2-level mode
Vin
0 (Fiber Optic Link Light ON = IGBT ON)
8.5us
400ns
Vge
0
550ns
450ns 900ns
Fig. 13 Failure status feedback; signals under short-circuit conditions in 3-level mode
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
+5V
+5V
C1
R1
120 ohm 470n
FOL Receiver
GND HFBR-2522
3
VCC RL 4
1
VO 1 Status Feedback
Drive Signal Q1 FOL Transmitter
BC327 HFBR-1522
GND
2
2
GND GND GND
+5V
+5V
C1
R1
56 ohm 470n
FOL Receiver
GND HFBR-2412T RL
2
2
6
7
VCC
Status Feedback
Drive Signal Q1 FOL Transmitter 6
BC327
HFBR-1412T
GND
3
3
7
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Description and Application Manual
Fig. 16 Additional measures for fixing driver and power-supply cables as well as the
relevant version of interlocking fiber-optic links
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Fig. 17 Additional measures for fixing driver and power-supply cables as well as the ST
optical fiber with a threaded port (Opt. 1)
Bibliography
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
CONCEPT offers the widest selection of gate drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs for
almost any application needs. The largest website on gate-drive circuitry anywhere
contains all data sheets, application notes and manuals, technical information and
support sections: www.IGBT-Driver.com
If you need an IGBT driver that is not included in the delivery range, please don’t
hesitate to contact CONCEPT or your CONCEPT sales partner.
CONCEPT engineers have more than 20 years experience in the development and
manufacture of intelligent gate drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs and have already
implemented a large number of customized solutions.
Evaluation Systems
Customer-Specific Systems
CONCEPT develops and produces complete power equipment and systems according to
the customer’s specifications.
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1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Technical Support
Quality
The obligation to high quality is one of the central features laid down in the mission
statement of CT-Concept Technology Ltd. The quality management system covers all
stages of product development and production up to delivery. The drivers of the SCALE
series are manufactured according to the ISO9001:2000 quality standard.
Disclaimer
This data sheet specifies devices but cannot promise to deliver any specific
characteristics. No warranty or guarantee is given – either expressly or implicitly –
regarding delivery, performance or suitability.
CT-Concept Technology AG reserves the right to make modifications to its technical
data and product specifications at any time without prior notice. The general terms and
conditions of delivery of CT-Concept Technology AG apply.
Page 24 CT-Concept.com
1SD536F2
Description and Application Manual
Ordering Information
Manufacturer
CT-Concept Technologie AG
Intelligent Power Electronics
Renferstrasse 15
CH-2504 Biel-Bienne
Switzerland
E-mail Info@IGBT-Driver.com
Internet www.IGBT-Driver.com
IGBT-Driver.com Page 25
Mouser Electronics
Authorized Distributor
Power Integrations:
1SD536F2 (1.2/1.7kV) 1SD536F2 (2.5/3.3kV) 1SD536F2-FZ3600R17HP4 1SD536F2-17 1SD536F2-33