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DR/ Ashraf Abdelraouf Project A 2021-2022

This document discusses various equations for calculating anode resistance for cathodic protection projects. It provides formulas for calculating the resistance of long slender stand-off anodes, short slender stand-off anodes, long flush mounted anodes, and short flush mounted anodes. It also discusses resistance calculations for other anode shapes like single vertical anodes, multiple vertical anodes in parallel, and multiple horizontal anodes. Finally, it includes formulas for calculating wire resistance.

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Mahy Mohamed
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84 views7 pages

DR/ Ashraf Abdelraouf Project A 2021-2022

This document discusses various equations for calculating anode resistance for cathodic protection projects. It provides formulas for calculating the resistance of long slender stand-off anodes, short slender stand-off anodes, long flush mounted anodes, and short flush mounted anodes. It also discusses resistance calculations for other anode shapes like single vertical anodes, multiple vertical anodes in parallel, and multiple horizontal anodes. Finally, it includes formulas for calculating wire resistance.

Uploaded by

Mahy Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cathodic Protection Project

Dr/ Ashraf Abdelraouf


Project a 2021-2022
Anode Resistance equations
Team Members "A "
1- mohamed hosny
2- mohamed sayed ahmed
3-Ziad Essam
4-ahmed Hazem
5-omar mokhtar
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anode Resistance equations

1-Long Slender Stand-Off Anode Resistance:-This equation is for long slender anodes installed
with clear space between the anode and the protection object. This is based on the Modified
Dwight equation. In this case long/slender is defined as an anode with a length more than 4 times
its radius. For the below equation to be valid the anodes must be at least 0.30m clear distance
from the protection object. Where the anode is between 0.15m and 0.30m from the protection
object, the following equation can be used but with a correction factor of 1.3.

WATER RESISTIVITY(Ρ)

ANODE LENGTH (L)

ANODE RADIUS (R)


The radius of the anode if it is circular. If the anode is not circular, the radius can be taken from
the following equation where c is the anode cross sectional periphery.

2-Short Slender Stand-Off Anode Resistance

Where the stand-off anodes length is shorter than 4 times the anode radius, the following
equation will apply;

WATER RESISTIVITY (Ρ)

ANODE LENGTH (L)

ANODE RADIUS (R)

3-Long Flush Mounted Anode Resistance

Where the anodes are installed flush with or closer than 0.15m from the protection object, the
following equations can be used. This equation is based on Lloyds equation. In this case long is
defined as anodes with length greater than 4 times the width and greater than 4 times the anode
thickness.

WATER RESISTIVITY (Ρ)

AVERAGE OF ANODE LENGTH AND ANODE WIDTH (S)


Short Flush Mounted Anode Resistance

Where the flush anodes are shorter than 4 times the anode width or thickness, the following
equation can be used. This is the McCoy equation.

WATER RESISTIVITY (Ρ)

ANODE EXPOSED SURFACE AREA (A)


4-Anode Resistance - Other Shapes

These four shapes represent the anode shapes most commonly used for the cathodic protection of
marine infrastructure. There are however many other different shaped anodes which are
commonly used in the protection of small vessels and pipelines. The anode resistance equations
relating to these anodes is shown below.
5-Single Vertical Anode
Formula Used:

Where
R = resistance in ohms
L = anode length in feet
d= anode diameter in feet
p = resistivity in ohm-cm
ln is the natural logarithm function
N = the number of anodes = 1

#OR

6-Multiple Vertical Anodes in Parallel


Formula Used:

Where
R = resistance in ohms
L = anode length in feet
N = the number of anodes
S = anode spacing in feet
d = anode diameter in feet
p = resistivity in ohm-cm
ln is the natural logarithm function

#OR
7-Multiple Horizontal Anodes
Formula Used:

Where
R = resistance in ohms
L = anode length in feet
S = twice the depth of anode in feet
N = the number of anodes
d = anode diameter in feet
p = resistivity in ohm-cm
ln is the natural logarithm function

#OR
8-Wire resistance formulas

Resistance of the wire R=ρ⋅lAR=ρ·lA   =lσ⋅A=lσ·A

Length of the wire l=R⋅Aρl=R·Aρ   =R⋅A⋅σ=R·A·σ

Wire cross-sectional area A=lR⋅σA=lR·σ   =l⋅ρR

Legend
AA Cross-sectional area (mm2)
L  Wire Length (m)
R Wire resistance
S Wire conductance
ρ Specific resistance
σ Specific conductance

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