21.

NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

Single Correct Answer Type 8. The point in eye of mammals from which
1. Examine the diagram of the two cell types optic nerves and blood vessels leave the
A and B given below and select the correct eye ball is [AMU 2007]
option. a) Yellow spot b) Blind spot
c) Pars optica d) None of these
9. Which one of the following pairs of
structures distinguishes a nerve cell from
other types of cell? [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
a) Perikaryon and b) Vacuoles and fibres
dendrites
c) Flagellum and d) Nucleus and
[AIIMS 2006] medullary sheath mitochondria
a) Cell-A is the rod b) Cell-A is the cone 10. The potential difference across the
cell found evenly cell more membrane of nerve fibre when it does not
all over retina concentrated in the shown any physiological activity is called
fovea centralis resting potential. It is about [AIIMS 2009]
c) Cell-B is concerned d) Cell-A is sensitive a) -60 mV b) -80 mV
with colour vision to low light c) +60 mV d) +90 mV
in bright light intensities 11. Which of the following statements is true?
2. Which of the following is not an organ of [Haryana PMT 2009]
central nervous system? [Haryana PMT a) Saltatory b) Nissl’s granules are
2003] conduction is seen found in muscles
a) Brain b) Cranial nerves in non-myelinated fibres
c) Spinal cord d) None of these nerve fibres
3. Parkinsonism is related with [MHT CET 2007] c) Non-myelinated d) Non-myelinated
a) Brain b) Spinal cord
nerve fibres do not nerve fibres are
c) Cranial nerves d) Spinal nerves
4. Eustachian canal connects [BHU 2007] posses nodes of completely
a) Middle ear with b) Middle ear with Ranvier enclosed by myelin
external ear internal ear sheath
c) External ear with d) Pharynx with 12. Mouth becomes watery when we look on
internal ear middle ear the delicious food is due to [J&K CET 2005]
5. Which of the following substances leads to a) Olfactory b) Hormonal
the inhibition of central nervous system? response response
c) Neural response d) Optic response
[UP CPMT 2004]
a) Glycine b) GABA 13. In the resting state of the neural
c) Norepinephrine d) Both (a) and (b) membrane, diffusion due to concentration
6. Ina myelinated neuron, two adjacent gradients, if allowed would drive [Manipal
myelin sheaths are separated by gaps 2007] + ¿¿

called [Kerala CEE 2008] +¿¿ K +¿∧N a ¿ out of the

a) K into the cell b)
a) Nodes of Ranvier b) Synaptic cleft cell
c) Schwann cells d) Synaptic knob +¿ ¿ N a+¿ ¿ out of the
c) N a into the cell d)
e) Neural plate cell
14. Static equilibrium is maintained by
7. Which is not a part of hindbrain? [RPMT
[Haryana PMT 2007]
2004] a) Utriculus b) Sacculus
a) Thalamus b) Cerebellum
c) Both (a) and (b) d) Semi-circular
c) Pons Varolii d) Medulla

P a g e |1
 canals these alphabets have been correctly
15. The accumulation of protein called amyloid matched with the part which they indicate.
β− peptide in human brain causes [Kerala
CEE 2005]
a) Addison’s disease b) Huntington’s
disease
c) Alzheimer’s d) Motor-neuron
disease disease
e) Parkinson’s [KCET 2008]
a) A-Temporal lobe b) A- Frontal lobe
disease
16. Which of the following prevents internal B-Parietal lobe B-Temporal lobe
reflection of light within the eye? [Kerala C- Cerebellum C- Cerebrum
CEE 2007] D-Medulla D-Medulla
a) Cornea b) Choroid oblongata oblongata
c) Sclera d) Conjunctiva E-Frontal lobe E-Occipital lobe
e) Ciliary body c) A-Temporal lobe d) A- Frontal lobe
B-Parietal lobe B-Temporal lobe
17. The decoding and interpretation of visual
C- Cerebrum C- Cerebellum
information is carried out by which part of
D-Medulla D-Medulla
the brain? [Kerala CEE 2006]
a) Cerebellum b) Frontal lobe oblongata oblongata
c) Parietal lobe d) Temporal lobe E-Frontal lobe E-Parietal lobe
e) Occipital lobe 24. Gustatoreceptors are [MHT CET 2011]
a) Rod cells of eyes b) Taste buds of
18. The movement of the nerve impulse across tongue
synaptic cleft is primarily [DUMET 2005] c) Epithelium of skin d) Cone cells of eye
a) A chemical event b) A physical event 25. The amount of CSF in the cranial cavity is
c) An electrical event d) A biological event [WB JEE 2011]
19. Reflex action is controlled by [Kerala CEE a) 500 mL b) 140 mL
2005] c) 1 L d) 1.5 mL
a) Sympathetic b) Autonomous 26. Which of the following is cochlear duct?
nervous system nervous system [BHU 2003]
c) Spinal cord d) Peripheral nervous a) Scala vestibule b) Scala tympani
system c) Scala media d) None of these
e) Carnio-sacral 27. The chemical used by doctors to dilate
outflow pupil for examination is [CBSE AIPMT
20. Medulla oblongata is originated from [UP 2004]
CPMT 2011] a) Pilocarpine b) Atropine
a) Ectoderm b) Mesoderm c) Actinomycin-D d) Acetylcholine
c) Endoderm d) Ectomesoderm 28. The supporting and nutritive cells found in
21. What is the space between arachnoid and the brain are [DUMET 2006]
piamater? [J&K CET 2003] a) Ependymal cells b) Microglia
a) Supra-arachnoid b) Sub-arachnoid c) Astrocytes d) Oligodendrocytes
space space 29. Human tears contains an enzyme [OJEE
c) Sub-dural space d) Meninges 2010]
22. Sense of smell is perceived by [AFMC 2004] a) Lysozyme b) Rennin
a) Pituitary b) Hypothalamus c) Protease d) Peptidase
c) Olfactory lobe d) Cerebrum 30. Thermoregulatory centre of human body is
23. In the diagram of the lateral view of the associated with [UP CPMT 2009]
human brain, parts are indicated by a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus d) Medulla oblongata
alphabets. Choose the answer in which
31. Bipolar neurons occur in [BHU 2009]

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 a) Vertebrate b) Retina of eye ciliary body
embryos c) The lens is the d) When the eye
c) Brain and spinal d) Skeletal muscles chief refractive focuses on a
cord element of the eye distant object, the
32. Which of the following is not related to the ciliary muscle
autonomic nervous system? [WB JEE 2010] contracts
a) Peristalsis b) Digestion 39. Under prolonged starvation, brain receives
c) Excretion d) Memory and energy from [Punjab PMET 2005]
learning a) Carbohydrates b) Fats
33. The bones lie inferior to the parietal bones c) Proteins d) Acetoacetate
and meet them at the squamous sutures is 40. Alimentary canal is supplied by [OJEE
[Guj CET 2006] 2010]
a) Frontal bone b) Temporal bone a) Olfactory b) Optic
c) Occipital bone d) Parietal bone c) Trigeminal d) Vagus
34. Memory is the responsibility of [MHT CET 41. Which one is correct about the physiology
2011] of eye? [RPMT 2003]
a) Grey matter b) White matter a) The pressure b) When light is shone
c) Cerebrum d) Cerebellum within the eye (the in one eye both
35. The human ear is equipped to register
intraocular pupils constrict
sounds of frequencies between [Kerala CEE pressure) is about
2003]
1.5 mm Hg (0.2
a) 20 to 20,000 cycles b) 1000 to 2000
kPa)
per second cycles per second c) The pupils dilate d) The aqueous
c) 5000 to 7000 d) 5,000 to 10,000
when the eye is humour is an
cycles per second cycles per second
e) 10,000 to 20,000 focused on a near ultrafiltrate of
cycles per second object plasma
36. Unidirectional transmission of a nerve 42. Connection between axon and dendrite is
[Haryana PMT 2008]
impulse through nerve fibre is due to the
a) Synapse b) Synapsis
fact that [AIIMS 2004] c) Desmosome d) Tight junction
a) Nerve fibre is b) Sodium pump
43. The innermost layer of the human eye is
insulated by a starts operating [Kerala CEE 2010]
medullary sheath only at the cyton a) Choroid b) Cornea
and then continues c) Sclera d) Retina
into the nerve fibre e) lens
c) Neurotransmitters d) Neurotransmitters
44. A man is admitted in a hospital. He is
are released by are released by the
suffering from an abnormally low body
dendrites and not axon endings and
temperature, loss of appetite and extreme
by axon endings not by dendrites
37. Which of the following does not act as a
thirst. His brain scan would probably show
a tumour in [Manipal 2009]
neurotransmitter? [WB JEE 2009]
a) Medulla oblongata b) Pons Varolii
a) Acetylcholine b) Glutamic acid
c) Cerebellum d) Hypothalamus
c) Epinephrine d) tyrosine
45. Which of the following cranial nerves is
38. Which one is correct about the focusing of
present in rabbit but absent in frog?
the eye? [Haryana PMT 2004]
a) Hypermetropia b) The focus of the [Haryana PMT 2007]
a) Glossopharyngeal b) Hypoglossal
(hyperopia) may eye is controlled c) Olfactory d) Optic
be corrected by a exclusively by the 46. Olfactoreceptors are [MHT CET 2004]
diverging lens parasympathetic a) Touch receptors b) Pain receptors
innervation of the c) Smell receptors d) Pressure receptors
P a g e |3
47. Reflex action involves [Haryana PMT 2005] 55. The respiratory rhythm centre is present
a) Spinal cord b) Cerebellum in the [Kerala CEE 2010]
c) Medulla oblongata d) Optic fibre a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum
48. Which one of the following is an example of c) Hypothalamus d) Corpora
negative feedback loop in humans? [CBSE quadrigemina
AIPMT 2007] e) Medulla oblongata
a) Constriction of b) Secretion of tears
56. Which part of the brain is involved in loss
skin blood vessels after falling of sand
and contraction of particles into the of control when a person drinks alcohol?
[Kerala CEE 2003]
skeletal muscles eyes
a) Cerebellum b) Cerebrum
when it is too cold c) Medulla oblongata d) Pons Varolii
c) Salivation of d) Secretion of sweat e) Thalamus
mouth at the sight glands and
of delicious food constriction of skin 57. Which is thickened to form organ of Corti?
blood vessels when [BHU 2009]
a) Reissner’s b) Basilar membrane
it is too hot
49. Which converts short time memory into membrane
c) Tectorial d) All of these
long time remembrance? [Guj CET 2011]
a) Reticular system b) Hippocampus membrane
c) Thalamus d) Medulla oblongata 58. Which function will be lost due to damage
50. Cerebellum of brain is responsible for [J&K of occipital lobe? [WB JEE 2011]
CET 2004] a) Hearing b) Speech
a) The maintenance b) Olfactory functions c) Vision d) Memory
59. Path of reflex action is [MHT CET 2005]
of equilibrium and
a) Receptor → Brain →b) Muscles
Receptor → Spinal cord → M
posture c) Muscles → Receptor d)→Muscles
Brain → Spinal cord → Mu
c) Controlling optic d) All of the above 60. Which one of the following is the correct
functions difference between rod cells and cone cells
51. The cavity in the region of diencephalon in
of retina?
the brain of rabbit is called [MHT CET
Feature Rod cell Cone cell
2008]
a) Iter b) Third ventricle [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
c) Lateral ventricle d) Foramen of Monro a) Visual High b) Visual Iodopsin
52. Pneumotaxic centre is present in [BCECE acuity pigment
2008]
containe
a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata d) Pons Varolii d
53. Cerebrospinal fluid is present [Kerala CEE c) Overall Vision d)
in Distribut More
2004] poor concentr
function ion
a) Beneath the b) Between piamater light ated in
piamater and arachnoid centre of
c) Between d) In extra duramater retina
arachnoid and
duramater
e) Between the
61. The rods and cones of the retinal layer of
duramater and
eye are modified [Haryana PMT 2006]
cranium a) Hairs b) Unipolar neurons
54. The membrane, which cover the brain and
c) Bipolar neurons d) Multipolar neurons
spinal cord is/are called [MHT CET 2007] 62. Identify the correct sequence of
a) White matter b) Grey matter
organs/regions in the organisation of
c) Peritoneum d) Meninges

P a g e |4
 human ear as an auditory a) Ribosomes b) Mitochondria
mechanoreceptor organ. [Kerala CEE 2007] c) Cell metabolities d) Fat granules
Pinna−¿Cochlea Pinna−¿Tympanic 69. Number of cranial nerves in frog [UP CPMT
−¿Tympanic membrane−¿Audit 2005]
a) 10 pairs b) 9 pairs
membrane canal ory canal−¿Incus
a) b) c) 12 pairs d) None of these
−¿Malleus−¿Stape −¿Malleus−¿Stape 70. Choose the correct non-protein amino acid
s−¿Incus−¿Audito s−¿Cochlea−¿Audi
from the given option. [WB JEE 2009]
ry nerve tory nerve a) Hydroxyproline b) Hydroxylysine
Pinna−¿Malleus c) Cystine γ -amino butyric
Pinna−¿Tympanic d)
−¿Incus−¿stapes acid
membrane−¿Audit
−¿Auditory canal 71. Autonomic nervous system affects
ory canal−¿
c) −¿Tympanic d) [Haryana PMT 2008]
Cochlea−¿Malleus a) Reflex actions b) Sensory organs
membrane−¿Coch
−¿Incus−¿Stapes- c) Internal organs d) None of these
lea−¿Auditory
Auditory nerve 72. Old age far sightedness is a defect of eye in
nerve
Pinna−¿Auditory which [Haryana PMT 2006]
a) Lens becomes b) Eyeball becomes
canal−¿Tympanic
membrane−¿Malle opaque small
e) c) Eyeball becomes d) Lens loses its
us−¿Incus−¿Stape
long elasticity
s−¿Cochlea−¿Aud 73. Rods and cones are present in [MHT CET
itory nerve 2011]
63. Light sensitive cells of eye are present in a) Iris b) Cornea
[OJEE 2010] c) Sclerotic d) Retina
a) Retina b) Cornea 74. Nerve cells do not divide because they do
c) Iris d) Choroid
not have [AMU 2005]
64. Cornea transplant in humans is almost
a) Nucleus b) Centrosome
never rejected. This is because [CBSE c) Golgi body d) Mitochondria
AIPMT 2008] 75. Which is an example of conditioned reflex?
a) Its cells are least b) It has no blood
[MHT CET 2008]
penetrable by supply a) Your keeping took b) Eye closed when
bacteria up a stone then anything enter into
c) It is composed of d) It is a non-living dog run away it
enucleated cells layer c) Hand took up d) Digestive food goes
65. Muller’s fibres occurs in [Punjab PMET 2008] when piercing with forward in
a) Heart b) Kidney
needle alimentary canal
c) Pancreas d) Retina
76. Meissner’s corpuscles occur in [WB JEE 2011]
66. Brain depends on blood for the supply of
a) Brain b) Nerve cells
[BCECE 2003] c) Skin d) Tongue
a) Oxygen and b) Oxygen and 77. Part of ear where sound is transduced is
glucose electrolytes [AMU 2004]
c) Oxygen and ATP d) ATP and glucose a) Tympanic b) Malleus, incus and
67. The band of fibre which joins corpora
membrane stapes
quadrigemina to cerebellum is called c) Semi-circular canal d) Cochlea
[Punjab PMET 2005] 78. Protein found in eye lens is [DUMET 2007]
a) Pons Varolii b) Valve of Vieussens a) Crystalline b) Collagen
c) Corpus callosum d) Corpus striatum c) Opsin d) Rhodopsin
68. What used to be described as Nissl’s 79. What are the two types of nervous system
granules in a nerve cell are now identified cells? [MHT CET 2011]
as? [CBSE AIPMT 2003] a) Alveoli and veins b) Alveoli and

P a g e |5
 bronchioles of proteins contraction of
c) Neurons and d) Neurons and glia diaphragm
nephrons 89. Which centre is stimulated during increase
80. In the central nervous system, myelinated in body temperature? [WB JEE 2011]
fibres form the …, while the non- a) Anterior b) Posterior
myelinated fibre cells form the …… [AIIMS hypothalamus hypothalamus
2009] c) Limbic system d) Red nucleus
a) Grey matter, white b) White matter, grey 90. Patients suffering from cholera are given a
matter matter saline drip because [AIIMS 2007]
c) Ependymal cells, d) Neurosecretory N a+¿ ¿ ions help in
N a+¿ ¿ ions help in
neurosecretory cells, ependymal stopping nerve
the retention of
cells cells a) impulses and b)
81. In eye donation, which one of the following water in the body
hence, sensation of
tissues
parts of donor’s eye is utilized? [MHT CET pain
2011] NaCl is an d) NaCl furnishes
a) Retina b) Cornea important most of the fuel
c) Lens d) Iris c)
component of required for
82. Which one of the following is not a part of
energy supply cellular activity
ear? [Guj CET 2003] 91. Which one of the following does not act as
a) Eustachian b) Cone cell
c) Utriculus d) Sacculus
a neurotransmitter? [MHT CET 2008]
a) Acetycholine b) Epinephrine
83. Which of the following is the part of
c) Norepinephrine d) Cortisone
midbrain of rabbit? [Punjab PMET 2003] 92. Choroid plexus is a network of [KCET 2004]
a) Diencephalon b) Cerebrum a) Capillaries b) Muscle fibres
c) Corpora d) None of these c) Nerves d) Lymph vessels
quadrigemina 93. In dark adaptation, [AMU 2004]
84. Alzheimer’s disease in human is associated a) Only cones are b) Only rods are
with the deficiency of [CBSE AIPMT 2009] involved involved
a) Dopamine b) Glutamic acid c) Both (a) and (b) d) Neither rods nor
c) Acetylcholine d) Gamma Amino
cones are involved
Butyric Acid 94. At the neuromuscular function [AIIMS
(GABA) 2006]
85. Which is a part of spinal cord? [MHT CET a) The muscle b) The motor nerve
2005] membrane endings secrete
a) Central canal b) Ventricle
possesses norepinephrine
c) Ventral canal d) Enterocoel
86. Which foramen is paired in mammalian
musculariae
receptors
brain? [BHU 2009]
c) Curare leads to d) The motor nerve
a) Foramen of b) Foramen of
prolongation of endings secrete
Luschka Magendie
c) Foramen of Monro d) Inter-ventricular neuromuscular acetylcholine
foramen transmission
87. Aqueduct of Sylvius occurs in [MHT CET 95. ‘Organ of Jacobson’ helps in [WB JEE 2010]
a) Touch b) Vision
2007]
c) Smell d) Hear
a) Eye b) Heart
96. The cutaneous plexus and the papillary
c) Brain d) Ear
88. Excessive stimulation of vagus nerve in plexus consists [DUMET 2009]
a) A network of b) A network of
humans may lead to [AIIMS 2003]
a) Hoarse voice b) Peptic ulcers nerves to provide arteries to provide
c) Efficient digestion d) Irregular dermal sensation dermal supply
c) Specialized cells d) Gland cells that
P a g e |6
 for cutaneous release cutaneous cells, ganglion cells
sensations secretions c) Ganglion cells, d) Photoreceptor
97. Damage to hearing is caused by sound bipolar cells, cells, ganglion cells,
which exceeds [MHT CET 2011] photoreceptor bipolar cells
a) 70 decibels b) 100 decibels cells
c) 110 decibels d) 120 decibels e) Ganglion cells,
98. Comprehension of spoken and written photoreceptor
words take place in the region of [WB JEE cells, bipolar cells
2010] 108. A 22 years student goes to his
a) Association area b) Motor area
ophthalamologist. He has problem in
c) Wernicke’s area d) Broca’s area
99. Salivation in man is under the control of reading books because he is not be able to
[AMU 2004] contract his [UP CPMT 2007]
a) Medulla oblongata b) Mesencephalon a) Suspensory b) Pupil
c) Hypothalamus d) Cerebellum ligament
100. Vitreous humour is [BCECE 2006] c) Iris d) Ciliary muscles
a) Colloid b) Watery fluid 109. Myelin sheath is derived from [JCECE 2008]
c) Mucoid connective d) All of the above a) Neuroglial cells b) Schwann cells
c) Nerve cells d) All of these
tissue
101. Which of the following nerves is purely 110.Odd nerve is [MHT CET 2004]
a) Optic b) Oculomotor
motor nerve? [MHT CET 2009] c) Olfactory d) Auditory
a) Vagus b) Facial
111. Node of Ranvier is found in [Haryana PMT
c) Abducens d) Trigeminal
2007]
102. Nerve cells are the part of [UP CPMT 2003]
a) Muscle bundles b) Dendrite
a) Epithelial tissue b) Connective tissue
c) Right auricle d) Axon
c) Muscles tissue d) Nervous tissue
112. If frog’s brain is crushed, even than its leg
103. The TV cranial nerve is [DUMET 2008]
a) Oculomotor b) Trochlear moves on pinpointing. It called as [BHU
c) Olfactory d) Facial 2006]
104. Ultra violet radiation from sun causes a) Conditional reflex b) Simple reflex
c) Neurotransmitter d) Autonomic nerve
which of the following disorder of eyes?
[AMU 2004]
function conditions
113. Fovea in the eye is a central pit in the
a) Cataract b) Glaucoma
c) Dilation of pupil d) Some defect of yellowish pigmented spot called [Kerala
retina CEE 2008]
105. Synaptic vesicle is found in [KCET 2007] a) Blind spot b) Retina
a) Pre-synaptic b) Post-synaptic c) Cornea d) Macula lutea
e) choroid
neuron neuron
c) Synaptic cleft d) None of these 114. Which one of the following statements is
106. When the stimulus reaches the end of one
correct? [JCECE 2009]
neuron, it is conducted to the adjacent b) Endocrine glands
neuron through the secretions of [J&K CET regulate neural
2009] Neurons regulate
activity and
a) Acetaldehyde b) Acetylcholine a) endocrine activity,
nervous system
c) Acetylcholine d) Acetyl Co-A but not viceversa
regulates
esterase
107. The order of the three layers of cells in the endocrine glands
c) Neither hormones d) Endocrine glands
retina of human eye from inside to outside
control neural regulate neural
is [Kerala CEE 2011]
a) Bipolar cells, b) Ganglion cells, activity nor the activity but not
neurons control viceversa
photoreceptor rods, cones

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 endocrine activity a) Cerebellum b) Medulla oblongata
115. The correct sequence of meetings of brain c) Spinal cord d) cerebrum
from outside to inside is [KCET 2007] 120. Corpus callosum connects [Manipal 2005]
a) duramater → arachnoid b) arachnoid
→ piamater a) Two cerebral
→ duramater → piamater b) Two ventricles of
c) piamater → duramater d) duramater
→ arachnoid → piamater → arachnoidhemispheres brain
116.In a cross-section of the spinal cord A, B, C, D and c) Two cerebellar d) Two optic
E represents hemispheres thalamus
121. The one way or unidirectional
transmission of nerve impulse in nerve
cells is due to the presence of [BCECE 2007]
a) Synapses b) Myelin sheath
c) Membrane polarity d) Interneurons
122. Taste area lies in the [Haryana PMT 2003]
a) Frontal lobe b) Occipital lobe
c) Parietal lobe d) Temporal lobe
123. Which of the following is present in rod
cells and useful in night vision? [RPMT
[Kerala CEE 2009]
a) A-White matter, B- b) A-White matter, B- 2007]
a) Vitamin-K b) Melanin
Grey matter, C- Grey matter, C- c) Rhodopsin d) Vitamin-C
Dorsal matter, D- Ventral root, D- 124. If an organism has more rods, it will
Ventral root, E- Dorsal root, E- [DUMET 2003]
Spinal nerve Spinal nerve a) Active during day b) Possess colour
c) A-Grey matter, B- d) A-Grey matter, B- vision
White matter, C- White matter, C- c) Active during night d) Both (a) and (a)
Ventral matter, D- Dorsal root, D- are possible
Dorsal root, E- Ventral root, E- 125. In parasympathetic nervous system, which
Spinal matter Spinal nerve of following is released? [BHU 2005]
e) A-White matter, B- a) Epinephrine b) Norepinephrine
Grey matter, C- c) Serotonin d) Acetycholine
126. Trigeminal nerve in frog is of [UP CPMT
Spinal nerve, D-
2006]
Ventral root, E-
a) IV b) V
Dorsal root c) VIII d) IX
117. The velocity of action potential 127. The cranial nerve that goes to the external
propagation [AMU 2006] rectus muscle is [EAMCET 2006]
a) Is independent of b) Depends on the a) II b) III
an axon’s diameter thickness of the c) VII d) VI
myelin around the 128. In nerve fibre, the impulses transmits
axon quickly due to [OJEE 2010]
c) Will be unaffected d) Is fastest in non- a) Myelin sheath b) Nodes of Ranvier
if the axon myelinated axons c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above
becomes 129. The complex system of the inner ear
demyelinated associated with maintenance of body
118. ‘Pons Varolii’ connects the [KCET 2003] balance is [Kerala CEE 2010]
a) Two cerebral b) Two lobes of a) Cochlea b) Reissner’s
hemispheres cerebellum membrane
c) Cerebrum and d) Spinal cord with c) Vestibular d) Basilar membrane
cerebellum the brain apparatus
119. Respiratory control centre is [UP CPMT e) Oval window
2011]

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130. Skeletal muscles are controlled by [DUMET membrane D-Organ of Corti
2009] D-Perilymph
a) Sympathetic b) Parasympathetic 137. Which of the following cells are associated
nerves nerves with identification of colours in bright
c) Somatic nerves d) Autonomic nerves light? [DUMET 2008]
131. The joint between axon of a neuron and the a) Rod cells b) Cone cells
dendrite of the next is called [BCECE 2004] c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
a) Synapse b) Bridge 138. Olfactory lobes of man are [Haryana PMT
c) Junction d) Joint 2003]
132. Number of spinal nerves in rabbit is [UP a) Fused and hollow b) Fused and solid
CPMT 2011] c) Free and hollow d) Solid
a) 27 pairs b) 31 pairs 139. The purplish red pigment rhodopsin
c) 37 pairs d) 47 pairs contained in the rods type of
133. If dorsal nerve of spinal cord is broken
photoreceptor cells of the human eyes is a
down then [UP CPMT 2005] derivative of [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
a) No impulse is b) Impulse is a) Vitamin-C b) Vitamin-D
transmitted transmitted but c) Vitamin-A d) Vitamin-B
slowly 140. Olfactory smell area is present in [MHT CET
c) Impulse is d) No effect on 2005]
transmitted fast impulse a) Frontal lobe b) Parietal lobe
134. Post-ganglionic nerve fibres of sympathetic c) Temporal lobe d) Occipital lobe
system are [Punjab PMET 2006] 141. Which is the largest body cell? [Haryana
a) Adrenergic b) Cholinergic PMT 2003]
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these a) Neurons b) RBCs
135. Lipofucsin granules are found in [BCECE c) Osteocytes d) Sperms
2006] 142. Which one is correct regarding the ear and
a) Nerve cell b) Cardiac muscle hearing? [BHU 2003]
c) Red muscle d) Cartilage a) The range of b) Conductive hearing
136. Given below is a diagrammatic cross- human hearing is loss would be
section of a single loop of human cochlea. from 20 Hz to 20 evident if a person
kHz had a similar
degree of hearing
loss for air
conduction and
bone conduction
c) The ear is most d) The endolymph of
Which one of the following options sensitive to the scala media is
correctly represents the name of three frequencies similar in
different parts? [CBSE AIPMT 2008] between about 100 composition to
a) A-Tectorial b) A-Endolymph Hz and 300 Hz plasma
membrane B-Sensory hair 143. Centre for thinking and learning is present
B-Perilymph cells in which part of brain? [MHT CET 2005]
C-Secretory cells C-Serum a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum
D-Endolymph D-Tectorial c) Dienceohalon d) Medulla oblongata
144. Dilatation of pupil takes place by [UP CPMT
membrane
c) A-Sensory hair d) A-Perilymph 2006]
a) Sympathetic b) Parasympathetic
cells B- B-Tectorial
nervous system nervous system
Endolymph membrane
c) Central nervous d) Both (a) and (b)
C-Tectorial C-Endolymph
system
P a g e |9
145. Dreaming occurs in [AMU 2009]
a) α-sleep b) REM sleep
c) Deep sleep d) Slow wave sleep
146. When a neuron is in resting state, i. e ., not
conducting any impulse, the axonal
membrane is [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
Equally permeable
+ ¿¿ Impermeable to
a) to both N a+¿∧K ¿ b) + ¿ions¿
both N a+¿∧K ¿
ions [Kerala CEE 2010]
Comparatively Comparatively a) A-axon terminal b) A-axon terminal
more permeable to more permeable to B-synaptic cleft C- B-synaptic cleft C-
K +¿¿ ions and N a+¿ ¿ ions and synaptic vesicles synaptic vesicles
c) d)
nearly nearly D- D-receptors
impermeable to impermeable to neurotransmitters E-
+¿ ¿
N a ions K +¿¿ ions E-receptors neurotransmitters
147. In which of the following, Nissl’s granules c) A-synaptic cleft B- d) A-synaptic cleft B-
are found in? [RPMT 2006] synaptic vesicles axon terminal C-
a) Liver cells b) Nerve cells C-axon terminal synaptic vesicles
c) Intestinal cells d) Uriniferous tubules D- D-
148. ‘Adaptation’ of eyes in dark is due to [BHU neurotransmitters neurotransmitters
2005] E-receptors E-receptors
a) Depletion of vision b) Depletion of vision e) A-synaptic vesicles
pigment in rod pigment in cones B-axon terminal
c) Repletion of vision d) Repletion of vision
C-synaptic cleft D-
pigment in rods pigment in cones
receptors
149. The retina of nocturnal birds contain [AMU
E-
2005]
a) Cones only b) Rods only neurotransmitters
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these 154. Intercellular communication in
150. Which part of retina consists of only cones? multicellular organism occurs through [UP
[Haryana PMT 2005] CPMT 2004]
a) Fovea centralis b) Optic nerve a) Digestive system b) Respiratory system
c) Blind spot d) Chiasmata only only
151. Schwann cell is found around [Haryana c) Nervous system d) Both nervous and
PMT 2005] only endocrine system
a) Axon b) Cyton 155. Choroid plexus functions to produce [J&K
c) Dendrite d) Dendron CET 2004]
152. Which part of the human brain is largest? a) Lymph b) Endolymph
[WB JEE 2009] c) Cerebrospinal fluid d) All of these
a) Cerebellum b) Thalamus 156.Sensation of stomach pain is due to [UP CPMT
c) Cerebrum d) Medulla oblongata 2009]
153. In the following diagram showing axon a) Interoceptors b) Exteroceptors
terminal and synapse A, B, C, D and e c) Proprioceptors d) Teloceptors
respectively represents 157. Refer the figure to answer the question.

P a g e |10
 a) Areolar connective b) Epithelium-Keratin
tissue-Collagen
c) Neuron-Melanin d) Muscle fibre-Actin
165. Which of these processes occur during
repolarisation of nerve fibre?
1. Open N a+¿ ¿ channel
2. Closed N a+¿ ¿ channel
3. Closed K +¿¿ channel
4. Open K +¿¿ channel [Guj CET 2007]
Identify the region where all N a+¿ ¿
a) II and IV b) I and III
channels are reactivated but closed and all c) II and III d) I and II
K +¿¿ channels are closed. [EAMCET 2009] 166. Corti’s organs is present in [RPMT 2004]
a) D b) C a) Reissner’s b) Scala vestibuli
c) B d) A
membrane
158. The specific region of hypothalamus,
c) Basilar membrane d) Middle lamella
responsible for physiological sweat 167. How many pairs of spinal nerve are found
secretion is [WB JEE 2009] in human? [Guj CET 2006]
a) Para-ventricular b) Supra-optic a) 32 b) 31
nucleus nucleus c) 30 d) 33
c) Median eminence d) Pars distalis 168. The number of cranial nerves in frog and
159. Sympathetic nervous system induces man is [Manipal 2005]
[RPMT 2006] a) 10 and 12 b) 12 and 10
a) Heat beat b) Secretion of semen c) 10 and 8 d) 8 and 10
c) Secretion of saliva d) Secretion of 169. In which direction, cristae of rabbit ear
digestive juices helps in maintaining balance? [RPMT 2006]
160. Cerebellum and medulla together a) Circular position of b) Transverse
constitutes [Kerala CEE 2009] longitudinal axis of position of
a) Hindbrain b) Midbrain
semi circular longitudinal axis of
c) Forebrain d) Telencephalon
canals semi circular
e) Cerebral
canals
hemisphere c) Parallel to d) All of the above
161. The autonomic nervous system has control
longitudinal axis of
over [Kerala CEE 2003]
a) Reflex action b) Skeletal muscles semi circular
c) Sense organs d) Internal organs canals
e) Central nervous 170. Which is a bridge between nervous system
system and endocrine system? [Guj CET 2011]
162. 9th pair of cranial nerve in frog is [AFMC a) Thalamus b) Hypothalamus
2005] c) Limbic system d) Parietal lobe
a) Hypoglossal b) Glossopharyngeal 171. Cranium is the protective covering of [AMU
c) Vagus d) Trigeminal 2003]
163. Parkinson’s disease (characterized by a) Lungs b) Eye balls
c) Brain d) Uterus
tremors and progressive rigidity of limbs)
172.A person is wearing spectacles with concave
is caused by degeneration of brain neurons
lenses for correcting vision. While not using the
that are involved in movement and control.
glasses, the image of a distant object in his case
Identify the neurotransmitter responsible
will be formed? [AIIMS 2003]
for this. [CBSE AIPMT 2004] a) On the blind spot b) Behind the retina
a) Acetycholine b) Norepiephrine c) In front of retina d) On the yellow spot
c) Dopamine d) GABA 173. The part of the brain where the centre for
164. Choose the odd pair out in the following.
hunger and thirst is located is [WB JEE
[KCET 2005]
P a g e |11
 2011] 2011]
a) Cerebrum b) Hypothalamus a) Corpus luteum b) Corpus callosum
c) Cerebellum d) Medulla oblongata c) Corpora d) Cerebral aqueduct
174. Arbor vitae is composed of [BHU 2005] quadrigemina
a) Grey matter b) Neurogleal cells e) Foramen magnum
c) White matter d) All of these
175.Nerve cells do not possess [Manipal 2005] 184. Which of the damaged cells cannot be
a) Neurilemma b) Sarcolemma repaired? [J&K CET 2007]
c) Dendrite d) Axon a) Liver cells b) Brain cells
176. How many pairs of cranial nerves originate c) Bone cells d) Epidermal cells
from the brain of rabbit? [Kerala CEE 2008] 185. In the axon of motor nerve fibre, the nerve
a) 12 b) 8 impulse travels [UP CPMT 2011]
c) 9 d) 11 a) Towards cell body b) Away from cell
e) 10 body
c) Away from d) In both directions
177. The size of pupil is controlled by the
synapse
[DUMET 2009] + ¿¿
186. N a+¿−K ¿ pump is found in membranes of
a) Ciliary muscles b) Suspensory
ligaments many cells, like nerve cells. It works
c) Cornea d) Iris muscles against electrochemical gradient and
178. In a man, abducens nerve is injured. Which involve of ATP used [AFMC 2006]
one of the following function will be 3 ions of N a+¿ ¿are 3 ions of N a+¿ ¿ are
affected? [MHT CET 2008] a) pumped out and b) taken in and
a) Movement of the b) Swallowing 2 K +¿are taken∈¿ ¿ 2 K +¿are pumped out ¿
eye ball 2 ions of N a are +¿ ¿
3 ions of K +¿¿ are
c) Movement of the d) Movement of the c) thrown out and d) absorbed,
3 K are absorbed 3 N a+¿are pumped out ¿
+¿¿
tongue neck
179. Structurally what are olfactory nerve cells? 187. Which of the following parts of a neuron is
[Guj CET 2008] covered by fatty sheath? [MHT CET 2009]
a) Multipolar b) Unipolar neurons a) Axon b) Cyton
neurons c) Dendrite d) Node of Ranvier
c) Neurochemically d) Bipolar neurons 188. Which of the following is motor nerve?
specialized [MHT CET 2005]
neurons a) Accessory spinal b) Vagus
180. Sympathetic nerve accelerates heart beat c) Trigeminal d) Facial
189. One of the examples of the action of the
due to [OJEE 2010]
a) Adrenaline b) Nor-adrenaline autonomous nervous system is [CBSE
c) Insulin d) Glucagon AIPMT 2004]
181. The most appropriate definition for a) Knee-jerk b) Papillary reflex
neuroglial cells are that they are [Kerala response
CEE 2003] c) Swallowing of food d) Peristalsis of the
a) Non-sensory b) Secretory cells intestines
supporting cells 190. The nerve fibre in its resting stage is
c) Sensory cells d) Sensory and [DUMET 2008]
supporting cells More permeable to Semi-permeable to
a) b) +¿¿
e) All of the above K +¿¿ K
d)
Less permeable to All of these
182. Spinal cord is protected by [Guj CET 2003] c) +¿¿
K
a) Trachea b) Aorta 191. During the transmission of nerve impulse
c) Sternum d) Vertebral column
through a nerve fibre, the potential on the
183. The tract of nerve fibres which connects
inner side of the plasma membrane has
the cerebral hemisphere is [Kerala CEE
P a g e |12
 which type of electric charge? [CBSE AIPMT nervous system, nervous system,
2007] voluntary involuntary
a) First negative, then b) First positive, then c) Parasympathetic d) Both SNS and PNS,
positive and again negative and nervous system, involuntary
back to negative continue to be involuntary
negative 200. Which of the following is correct for the
c) First negative, then d) First positive, then pairs of cervical nerves and number of
positive and negative and again cervical vertebrae respectively? [MHT CET
continue to be back to positive 2009]
positive a) 8 and 7 b) 16 and 7
192. Which is not a reflex action? [JCECE 2008] c) 7 and 7 d) 7 and 16
a) Salivation b) Eye opening and 201. Nerve impulse initiates with the movement
closing of [BCECE 2007]
+¿¿ +¿ ¿
c) Response to d) Sweating a) K b) N a
+¿¿ + ¿¿
pinching pin in a c) C a d) M g
202. Which part of human brain is concerned
frog leg
193. The outermost covering of brain is [J&K with the regulation of body temperature?
CET 2006] [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
a) Duramater b) Arachnoid a) Medulla oblongata b) Cerebellum
c) Pigamater d) Choroid layer c) Cerebrum d) Hypothalamus
194. Pneumotaxic centre which can moderate 203. In the blind spot, where the optic nerves
the functions of the respiratory rhythm leave the eyes [JCECE 2007]
a) Rods and cones are b) Only cones are
centre is present at [Kerala CEE 2011]
a) Pons region of b) Thalamus absent present
c) Only rods are d) Special neurons are
brain
c) Spinal cord d) Right cerebral present present
204. Hypothalamus does not control [Kerala
hemisphere
e) Left cerebral CEE 2005]
a) Hunger and satiety b) Thermoregulation
hemisphere c) Osmoregulation d) Emotions
195. Which has H-shaped grey matter? [Manipal
205. In the given diagram, what does ‘A’
2005]
a) Cerebrum b) Medulla oblongata
represents?
c) Cerebellum d) Spinal cord
196. Identify the wrong pair [MHT CET 2009]
a) Corpus luteum- b) Interstitial cells-
Progesterone Testosterone
c) Hypothalamus- d) Acrosome -
FSH Hyaluronidase
197. The sound producing organ of bird is
[Kerala CEE 2003] [Guj CET
a) Oropharynx b) Nasopharynx 2008]
c) Glottis d) Syrinx a) Pons Varolii b) Cerebellum
e) Larynx c) Medulla oblongata d) Midbrain
206. Which of the following is not correctly
198. Yellow spot is found in [RPMT 2004] matched? [J&K CET 2006]
a) Muscles b) Nerves a) Rhinencephalon- b) Hypothalamus-
c) Kidney d) Eyes
Olfactory Pituitary
199. By which nervous system and of what type,
c) Cerebellum- d) Medulla oblongata-
the blood is supplied into visceral organs?
Balance Temperature
[DUMET 2005]
a) Sympathetic b) Sympathetic regulation

P a g e |13
207. Cells of Schwann are associated with a) Initiate the heart b) Reduce the heart
[Kerala CEE 2009] beat beat
a) Nervous tissue b) Skeletal muscle c) Accelerate the d) Maintain constant
c) Cardiac muscle d) Connective tissue heart beat heart beat
e) Cartilage tissue 217. Which statements are wrong?
208. How many laminae are present in the grey I.Synaptic cleft of neurons secrete
matter of spinal cord? [WB JEE 2010] adrenaline.
a) Four b) Six II.Myelinated nerve fibres are enveloped
c) Eight d) Ten with Schwann cells, which form a myelin
209. The nerve centres which control the body sheath around the axon.
temperature and the urge for eating are III.Non-myelinated nerve fibre is enclosed
controlled by [CBSE AIPMT 2010] by a Schwann cell that does not form
a) Hypothalamus b) Pons myelin sheath.
c) Cerebellum d) Thalamus
IV.Spinal cord and cranial nerves are made
210. Anterior choroid plexus is present on the
of non-myelinated nerve fibres.
[KCET 2008]
a) Floor of b) Cerebral Of the four statements, [Kerala CEE 2011]
a) I, II are correct but b) I, II and III are
diencephalon hemispheres
c) Roof of d) Roof of medulla III and IV are correct but IV is
diencephalon oblongata incorrect incorrect
211. Which part of brain controls intellectual c) III and IV are d) I and IV are correct
ability? [DUMET 2007] correct but I and II but II and III are
a) Frontal lobe b) Parietal lobe are incorrect incorrect
c) Temporal lobe d) Occipital lobe e) II and III are
212. Which of the following poet is involved in correct but I and IV
interpreting an input, storing input are incorrect
information and initiating a response in the 218. The following diagram indicates the reflex
light of similar past experiences? [Kerala arc. Identify the parts labeled as A, B, C, D,
CEE 2004] E ,F and G and choose the correct option.
a) Motor area b) Sensory area
c) Association area d) Pons Varolii
e) Cerebellum

213. Aqueous and vitreous humour are divided

by [Haryana PMT 2008]
a) Lens b) Iris
c) Retina d) Optic nerve
[KCET
214. During the conduction of nerve impulse,
2005]
the repolarization occurs with the [UP a) A-Sense organ, B- b) A-Sense organ, B-
CPMT 2011]
+¿¿ +¿ ¿ Sensory nerve, C- Sensory nerve, C-
a) Influx of K ions b) Influx of N a ions
c) Efflux of K ions d) Efflux of Mg 2+¿¿ions
+¿¿ Dorsal horn, D- Ventral horn, D-
215. Injury to vagus nerve in human is not likely Interneuron, E- Interneuron, E-
to affect [JCECE 2009] Ventral horn, F- Dorsal horn, F-
a) Tongue b) Gastrointestinal Motor nerve, G- Motor nerve, G-
movements movements Effector Effector
c) Pancreatic d) Cardiac c) A-Sense organ, B- d) A-Effector, B-Motor
secretion movements Motor nerve, C- nerve, C-Ventral
216. The function of vagus nerve innervating Dorsal horn, D- horn, D-
the heart is to [DUMET 2009] Interneuron, E- Interneuron, E-

P a g e |14
 Ventral nerve, F- Dorsal horn, peristalsis
Sensory nerve, F- F-Sensory nerve, G-
225. Arachnoid membrane is [MHT CET 2004]
Effector Sense organ a) Outer meninx b) Neurilemma
219. Action of lysozyme is [Punjab PMET 2007]
c) Middle meninx d) Inner meninx
a) Physiological b) Anatomical
226. Which brain structure in rabbit is directly
c) Morphological d) None of these
220. Which one of the following cranial nerves related to vision? [BHU 2003]
a) Corpus albicans b) Hippocampal lobe
is carrying the nerve fibres originating c) Corpus callosum d) Corpora
from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus? [WB
quadrigemina
JEE 2010] 227. In human eyes, colour perception is done
a) Oculomotor b) Trochlear
c) Abducens d) Vagus by [Haryana PMT 2009]
a) Rod cells only b) Cone cells only
221. Which cranial nerve gives out a number of
c) Both (a) and (b) d) Choroid layer cells
branches? [AFMC 2003] 228. Saltatory conduction occurs in [MHT CET
a) Optic b) Facial
2008]
c) Vagus d) Trigeminal
a) Myelinated nerves b) Non-myelinated
222. The glands, which help on absorbing
fibres nerve fibres
odoriferous substances to stimulate c) Liver cells d) All of the above
olfactory nerve are [Kerala CEE 2009] 229. Cerebellum portion of brain is [J&K CET
a) Cerumenous b) Meibomian glands
2003]
glands a) Concerned with b) Responsible for
c) Bowman’s glands d) Cowper’s glands
the maintenance of olfactory functions
e) Bidder’s glands
posture/equilibriu
223. Which of the following statements is m
correct regarding receptors in the skin? c) Controls optic d) Both (a) and (c)
[UP CPMT 2006] functions
a) All skin receptors b) The receptive fields 230. You are watching a horror movie and you
are encapsulated of touch receptors notice your heart is beating fast and mouth
are uniform in area is dry. It is because of [Kerala CEE 2005]
c) The nociceptors of All sensory a) Fight and flight b) Autonomic nervous
the skin are bare information from response system
nerve endings the skin reaches c) Sympathetic d) Parasympathetic
d)
the brain via the nervous system nervous system
e) Both (a) and (c)
dorsal column
pathway 231. Retina of eye is analogous to which part of
224. Given below is a table comparing the
camera? [AFMC 2003]
effects of sympathetic and a) Shutter b) Lens
parasympathetic nervous system for four c) Glass d) Film
features (a-d).which one feature is 232. Arbor vitae is part of [Manipal 2005]
currently described? a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum
c) Midbrain d) Forebrain
Feature Sympathe Parasym
233. In the following abnormalities of the eye,
tic pathetic
Nervous Nervous which one is serious condition that leads to
System System blindness? [Kerala CEE 2003]
a) Presbyopia b) Myopia
[AIIMS 2008] c) Hypermetropia d) Glaucoma
a) Salivary b) Pupil of
Stimulates Dilates e) Astigmatism
gland secretionthe eye
234. Movement of tongue muscle is controlled
c) Heart rate d) Intestinal
Decreases Stimulates by [WB JEE 2011]
P a g e |15
 a) Facial nerve b) Trigeminal nerve hyperpolarizes
c) Hypoglossal nerve d) Vagus nerve c) The epsps can d) After an epsp the
235. Broca’s area is connected with [BHU 2007] summate photosynaptic cell
a) Learning and b) Speech function passes through a
reasoning refractory period
c) Receiving the d) Sensation of smell 243. If a motor nerve has a conduction velocity
impulses from of 10 m s−1 , how long will it take an action
eyes potential to reach a muscle 0.75 m from the
236. Which of the following is correct for lens
spinal cord? [AMU 2007]
focusing while seeing distant object? [Guj a) 75 m b) 1.07 m
CET 2008] c) 14 m d) 1.4 m
a) Tightly stretched b) Contracted ciliary 244. The electrical potential difference between
suspensory muscles and outside and inside of a nerve axon before
ligament and rounded lens excitation is known as [Kerala CEE 2011]
rounded lens a) Resting potential b) Action potential
c) Relaxed ciliary d) Contracted ciliary c) Spike potential d) Reaction potential
muscles and tightly muscles and e) Activation
stretched relaxed suspensory potential
suspensory ligaments 245. Vomiting centre is located in the [DUMET
ligament 2011]
237. At their resting stage, the body cells exhibit a) Medulla oblongata b) Stomach and
a potential of -5 to -100 mV known as [Guj sometimes in
CET 2006] duodenum
a) Polarization b) Resting potential c) GI tract d) Hypothalamus
c) Repolarization d) Depolarization 246. Vertebrate brain differentiates from [J&K
238. The reflex arc, which is made of two CET 2011]
neurons is known as [WB JEE 2011] a) Endoderm b) Mesoderm
a) Monosynaptic b) Disynaptic reflex c) Ectoderm d) Blastoderm
247. Which of the following statements is
reflex arc arc
c) Polysynaptic reflex d) Asynaptic reflex correct about the nodes of ranvier? [RPMT
arc arc 2007]
239. Internal ear is filled with [AFMC 2005] a) Axolemma is b) Myelin sheath is
a) Perilymph b) Endolymph discontinuous discontinuous
c) Lymph d) Both (a) and (b) c) Both neurilemma d) Covered by myelin
240. Yellow spot of eye is known for [AMU and myelin sheath sheath
2003] are discontinuous
a) Complex blood b) High pigmentation 248. Read the following statements.
vascular system I.Preganglionic nerve fibres of III, VII, IX
c) Preponderance of d) Possession of and X cranial nerves are a part of the
cones abdundant rods parasympathetic nervous system
241. Cerebral hemispheres of rat are connected
II.V,VII, IX and X cranial nerves are mixed
by [AMU 2007] nerves.
a) Corpus luteum b) Corpus callosum
c) Corpus albicans d) Corpus
III.Trochlear nerves are the largest cranial
nerves.
spongiosum
242. During synaptic excitation [CBSE AIPMT IV.Abducens nerves are motor nerves and
2006] originate from the Gasserian ganglia.
a) The membrane b) The epsps are all or Which of the above statements are correct?
potential of the none in nature [EAMCET 2008]
a) I and IV b) I and II
post-synaptic cell
P a g e |16
 c) II and III d) I and III K +¿¿ ions from N a+¿ ¿ ions from
249.Organ of Corti is found in [Manipal 2006] intracellular fluid extracellular fluid
a) Heart b) Kidneys c) d)
to extracellular to intracellular
c) Inner ear d) Nasal chamber
250. The posterior part of the retina, which is
fluid fluid
just opposite to the lens is [AIIMS 2009] Assertion - Reasoning Type
a) Cornea b) Yellow spot
c) Fovea centralis d) Both (A) and (B) This section contain(s) 1 question(s) numbered
251. An action potential in the nerve fibre is 257 to 257. Each question containsSTATEMENT
produced when positive and negative 1(Assertion) and STATEMENT 2(Reason). Each
charges on outside and the inside of the question has the 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out
axon membrane are reversed because of which ONLY ONE is correct.
a) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True;
[AIIMS 2007]
a) More potassium b) More sodium ions Statement 2 is correct explanation for Statement
1
ions enter the axon enter the axon as
b) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True;
as compared to compared to Statement 2 is not correct explanation for
sodium ions potassium ions Statement 1
leaving it leaving it c) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False
c) All potassium ions d) All sodium ions d) Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True
leave the axon enter the axon 257
252. The sequence of ear ossicles from outside
Statement 1: The imbalance in
to inside is [DUMET 2007] +¿ ¿
contradiction of N a , K
+¿¿

a) malleus →incus → stapes

b) incus → stapes →malleus
and proteins generates
c) stapes→ incus →malleus
d) malleus → stapes →incus
253. Ampulla of Lorenzini are thermoreceptors resting potential.
Statement 2: To maintain the unequal
which are found in [AFMC 2004] + ¿¿

distribution of N a+¿∧K ¿, the

a) Fishes b) Man
c) Reptiles d) Bats neurons use electrical energy.
254. In the central nervous system [AMU 2006]
a) White matter b) The myelin sheaths Matrix-Match Type
contains many are formed by This section contain(s) 5 questions. Each question
nerve cell bodies Schwann cells contains Statements given in 2 columns which have
c) The neurons are d) The cerebrospinal to be matched. Statements in columns I have to be
protected from fluid (CSF) is an matched with Statements in columns II.
changes in plasma ultrafiltrate of 258 Match the following human spinal nerves in
composition plasma . column I with the number of pairs in column II
255. During repolarisation of nerve [Punjab
and choose the correct option.
PMET 2007] Column-I Column- II
N a+¿ ¿channels are
+¿ gateopens ¿
a) K +¿ gate close∧N a ¿
b) close andK +¿¿ (A) Cervical nerves (1) 5 pairs
channels are opens
+ ¿¿
(B) Thoracic nerves (2) 1 pair
c) Both gates remain Both K +¿∧N a ¿
d) (C) Lumbar nerves (3) 12 pairs
open gates are close
256. During the conduction of a nerve impulse, (D) Coccygeal nerves (4) 8 pairs
the action potential results from the
Codes :
movement of [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
K +¿¿ ions from N a+¿ ¿ ions from A B C D
extracellular fluid intracellular fluid
a) b) (a) 2 4 1 3
to intracellular to extracellular
fluid fluid
P a g e |17
 (b) 4 3 1 2 (d) 2 5 3 1

(c) 3 1 2 4 (e) 5 4 1 2

(d) 1 4 2 3 261 Match the column I with column II and choose

. the correct answer given below.
(e) 4 1 2 3
Column-I Column- II
259 Match the following columns and choose the
. correct option. (A) Neuron (1) Ossein

Column-I Column- II (B) Bone matrix (2) Nissl’s bodies

(A) Fovea (1) Provides opening (C) RBC of man (3) Antibodies
for entry of light
(B) Iris (2) Transduces RGB (D) Lymphocytes (4) Non-nucleated
light Codes :
(C) Pupil (3) Transmits
information to CNS A B C D
(D) Lens (4) Controls amount of
(a) 4 2 3 1
light entering
(E) Optic nerve (5) Focuses light on the (b) 4 1 3 2
retina
Codes : (c) 4 2 1 3

A B C D E (d) 2 1 4 3

(a) 4 1 5 2 3 (e) 2 4 1 3

(b) 5 1 4 3 2 262 Match the column I (the parts of the human

. brain) with column II (the functions), and
(c) 5 1 4 5 2
identify the correct choice from the given
(d) 1 2 3 4 5 option.
Column-I Column- II
(e) 2 4 1 5 3
(A) Cerebrum (1) Controls the
260 Match column I with column II and select the pituitary
. correct option. (B) Cerebellum (2) Controls vision and
hearing
Column-I Column- II (C) Hypothalamus (3) Controls the rate of
(A) Sacral nerves (1) 1 pair heart beat
(D) Midbrain (4) Seat of intelligence
(B) Thoracic nerves (2) 8 pairs
(5) Maintains body
(C) Coccygeal nerves (3) 7 pairs posture
Codes :
(D) Cervical nerves (4) 12 pairs
A B C D
(5) 5 pairs
(a) 5 4 2 1
Codes :
(b) 4 5 2 1
A B C D
(c) 5 4 1 2
(a) 4 1 3 2
(d) 4 5 1 2
(b) 5 3 1 2

(c) 3 4 2 1

P a g e |18
 21.NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

: ANSWER KEY :

1) b 2) b 3) a 4) a 169) b 170) b 171) c 172) c

5) d 6) a 7) a 8) b 173) b 174) a 175) b 176) a
9) a 10) a 11) c 12) a 177) d 178) a 179) d 180) a
13) c 14) c 15) b 16) d 181) a 182) d 183) b 184) b
17) e 18) a 19) b 20) a 185) b 186) a 187) a 188) a
21) b 22) c 23) d 24) b 189) d 190) a 191) a 192) b
25) b 26) c 27) b 28) a 193) a 194) a 195) d 196) c
29) a 30) a 31) b 32) d 197) d 198) d 199) d 200) a
33) b 34) c 35) a 36) d 201) b 202) d 203) a 204) c
37) d 38) b 39) d 40) d 205) b 206) d 207) c 208) d
41) b 42) a 43) d 44) d 209) a 210) c 211) a 212) c
45) b 46) c 47) a 48) a 213) a 214) a 215) a 216) b
49) c 50) a 51) b 52) d 217) e 218) a 219) a 220) a
53) b 54) d 55) e 56) a 221) c 222) c 223) c 224) b
57) b 58) c 59) b 60) c 225) c 226) d 227) b 228) a
61) d 62) b 63) a 64) b 229) a 230) e 231) d 232) b
65) d 66) a 67) b 68) a 233) d 234) c 235) b 236) c
69) a 70) d 71) c 72) d 237) b 238) a 239) d 240) c
73) d 74) b 75) a 76) c 241) b 242) c 243) a 244) a
77) d 78) a 79) d 80) b 245) a 246) c 247) b 248) b
81) b 82) b 83) c 84) c 249) c 250) c 251) b 252) a
85) a 86) a 87) c 88) b 253) a 254) c 255) b 256) d
89) a 90) b 91) d 92) a 257) c 258) c 259) e 260) e
93) b 94) d 95) c 96) a 261) d 262) d
97) d 98) c 99) d 100) d
101) c 102) d 103) b 104) a
105) a 106) b 107) c 108) d
109) b 110) b 111) d 112) b
113) d 114) a 115) a 116) a
117) b 118) b 119) b 120) a
121) a 122) c 123) c 124) c
125) d 126) b 127) d 128) c
129) c 130) c 131) a 132) c
133) a 134) a 135) a 136) d
137) b 138) d 139) c 140) c
141) a 142) a 143) a 144) a
145) b 146) c 147) b 148) c
149) b 150) a 151) a 152) c
153) b 154) d 155) c 156) a
157) b 158) a 159) a 160) a
161) d 162) b 163) c 164) c
165) a 166) c 167) b 168) a

P a g e |19
 21.NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

Single Correct Answer Type nodes of Ranvier.
1 (b)
Cell-A is the cone cell more concentrated in 7 (a)
the fovea centralis, the region of keenest Hindbrain includes three parts, i. e .,
vision. It is located in the centre of the retina, cerebellum, pons Varolii and medulla
in direct line with the centre of the lens and oblongata. Thalamus is present in forebrain.
cornea. The acuity of an animal’s eye depends 9 (a)
on the density of cones in the fovea. Cell-B is A nerve cell consists of cell body or
the rod cell found at the peripheral parts of perikaryon (containing the nucleus, Nissl’s
the retina. Rods are high sensitivity receptors granule). Dendrites and an axon. These are
for dim light. specialized cells. These cells are the structural
2 (b) and functional unit of nervous
Cranial nerves are not part of central nervous system/tissues.
system. Cranial nerves are the part of 10 (a)
voluntary nervous system and arise from the In a resting nerve fibre, sodium ions
brain. predominates in the extracellular fluid,
3 (a) whereas potassium ions predominates in the
Parkinsonism is characterized by tremors and intracellular fluid. The plasma membrane is
progressive rigidity of limbs caused by electrically positive outside and negative
degeneration of brain neurons and a inside. This difference is called potential
neurotramsitter called dopamine. difference. In neurons, the average resting
membrane potential value is -70 mV. During
4 (a) depolarisation, the potential inside the
The function of eustachian tube is to equalize membrane change from -70 mV to +30 mV.
air pressure on both sides (external and Resting potential is generally between -70 mV
middle ear) or tympanic membrane. Thus, it to -90 mV.
connects middle ear with external ear.
11 (c)
5 (d) In myelinated nerve fibre, the myelin sheath
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and is not continuous and remains interrupted at
glycine are inhibitory transmitters. Inhibitory some places. These are known as nodes of
transmitter is one that is released by an Ranvier. These help in the saltatory
inhibitory neuron. It can inhibit at a synapse conduction of nerve impulse. The non-
(a junction gap between axon of one neuron myelinated nerve fibres do not possess nodes
to dendrites of another neuron). of Ranvier.
6 (a) 12 (a)
The myelin sheath appears as a tube around Due to olfactory effect, mouth becomes
the axon of nerve fibre. At regular intervals, watery when we look on the delicious food.
the neurilemma is constricted and the myelin
sheath is interrupted forming the so, called 13 (c)

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 In the resting nerve fibre, the cytoplasm The mammalian brain is covered by three
inside the axon has a high concentration of protective meninges-the innermost piamater,
K +¿¿ and a low concentration of N a+¿ ¿ in middle arachnoid and outermost duramater.
contrast to the fluid outside the axon. Thus, if The space between piamater and arachnoid is
diffusion occurs then through concentration called sub-arachnoid space.
gradient N a+¿ ¿ enters the fibre.
22 (c)
14 (c) Olfactory lobe perceives sense of smell.
Static equilibrium refers to orientation of the
23 (d)
body (mainly head) relative to gravity.
1.Frontal lobe
Untriculus and sacculus are considered to be
sense organs of static equilibrium, while three 2.Temporal lobe
semi-circular canals maintain dynamic
3.Cerebellum
equilibrium.
15 (b) 4.Medulla oblongata
The accumulation of protein called amyloid
5.Parietal lobe
β− peptide in human brain causes Alzheimer’s
disease. 24 (b)
The receptors for the sense of taste are found
16 (d)
in taste buds, mostly located in tongue. These
The choroid lies adjacent to the sclera and
receptors are called gustatoreceptors. Most of
contains numerous blood vessels that supply
the taste buds are located within papillae that
nutrients and oxygen to the other tissues
extend down into the epithelium of the
especially of retina. It also contains
tongue.
pigmented cells that absorb light and prevent
it from being reflected within the eye ball. 25 (b)
All the ventricles of brain and central canal of
17 (e)
spinal cord contain lymph-like extracellular
The primary visual area is located in occipetal
fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The
lobe of cerebrum. Decoding and
total amount of CSF present in and around
interpretation of visual information. shape
central nervous system is 80-150 mL. CSF
and colour occurs in occipital lobe.
contains glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea,
−¿ ¿
−¿ ,HC O ¿

18 (a) +¿ , K
2+¿ , Mg
+¿ ,Ca
2+¿ , Cl 3 ¿
¿
¿
¿ and some WBCs.
Na
Movement of the nerve impulse across
synaptic cleft is primarily a chemical event 26 (c)
mediated by neurotransmitters such as Cochlear duct is a bony spiral tunnel within
acetycholine (Acl.), gamma-amino butyric the cochlea of internal ear filled with
acid (GABA), nor-epinephrine and serotonin. endolymph.
19 (b) 27 (b)
Reflex action is the involuntary functioning or Atropine is an alkaloid obtained from
movement of any organ or part of the body to Atropabelladonna and Daturastramonium .
a stimulus.
28 (a)
The reflex action is an automatic motor Ependymal cells are columnar cells that have
response to a sensory stimulus without brain ciliated surface. They support the central
being immediately involved. nervous system and also nutritive in function.
21 (b) Microglia are minute cell, which are
phagocytic pathogens and cellular debris
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 within brain. Cerebrum is formed of one pair largest sized
Astrocytes form structural support between lobes called cerebral hemisphere. These form
capillaries and neurons within the CNS and 80% weight of brain. Cerebral hemisphere
contribute to blood-brain barrier. controls all the voluntary activities of body. It
Oligodendrocytes form myelin in CNS and is seat of memory, will, intelligency, reasoning
guide development of neurons within the and learning.
CNS.
35 (a)
29 (a) In human capacity of hearing is 16-20,000
Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down cycles/second. The low frequencies sensitise
bacterial cell walls and provides protection the sensory cells of ear, near the tip of cochlea
against bacterial invasion in the skin, mucous and high frequency towards the oval window.
membranes and many body fluids. It is found
36 (d)
especially in tears and preventing infection in
Transmission of nerve impulse through nerve
the eye.
fibre occurs unidirectionally because axon of
30 (a) one neuron linked to the dendrite of another
Hypothalamus is a part of vertebrate brain neuron through synapse. Synaptic vesicles are
that is derived from the forebrain and located filled with a neurotransmitter (eg . ,
on the ventral surface below the thalamus acetylcholine) released by axon endings not
and the cerebrum. It works as a control centre by dendrites.
of autonomic nervous system, body
37 (d)
temperature, sweating, hunger, thirst, sleep,
Neurotransmitters are the chemicals secreted
fatigue, sex, love, hate, satisfaction, anger,
by axon terminals for transmitting impulse to
pleasure, metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and
the next neuron. Acetylcholine, glutamic acid,
water.
glycine, GABA, epinephrine all are
31 (b) neurotransmitters. Tyrosine is not a
Bipolar neurons are the neurons with neurotransmitter, it is an amino acid.
unidirectional flow of information but with
38 (b)
one axon and one Dendron at opposite poles.
Hyperopia (hypermetropia) is corrected with
These occur in the retina of eyes, olfactory
a converging lens. It relaxes when the eye
epithelium, etc.
focuses on a distant object. The main
32 (d) refractive element of the eye is the cornea, the
Cerebrum of forebrain (central nervous lens is the focusing element. When the eye is
system) is the centre for memory and focused on a near object the ciliary muscle
learning. contracts.
33 (b) 39 (d)
The frontal bones form forehead, parietal Heart, muscle and renal cortex use
extends to sides, while occipital curves to acetoacetate in preference to glucose. In
form the base of skull. Below the much larger contrast, glucose is the major fuel for the
parietal bones called temporal bones, have brain in well nourished persons on a balanced
opening that lead to the internal ear. The diet. However, the brain adapts to the
temporal bones lie inferior to the parietal utilization of acetoacetate during starvation,
bones and meet them at the squamous pregnancy and diabetes.
sutures.
40 (d)
34 (c)

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 The vagus nerve is responsible for various Skin blood vessels constrict and skeletal
tasks such as gastrointestinal peristalsis, muscles contract due to cold is an example of
sweating and quite a few muscle movements negative feedback mechanism of homeostasis.
in the mouth, including speech and keeping
49 (c)
the larynx open for breathing.
The thalamus is the main principal relay
41 (b) station for sensory impulses that reach the
The intraocular pressure is about 10-15 mm cerebral cortex from spinal cord, brain stem,
Hg ( α kPa). The pupils constrict when the and cerebellum. Certain nuclei in the
eye focuses on a near object. The aqueous thalamus relay all sensory inputs to cerebral
humour is secreted by the ciliary bodies and cortex. These include medical geniculate
differs in composition from the plasma. nucleus for hearing lateral geniculate nucleus
for vision, ventral posterior nucleus for sense
42 (a)
and anterior nucleus concerns with emotions
Synapse is a site of junction between axon of
and conversion of memory.
one neuron and dendrites of another neuron.
Each neuron receives an impulse through its 51 (b)
dendrites and passes it on to the next neuron Diencephalon encloses the cavity called
through synapse. diocoel or third ventricle.
43 (d) 52 (d)
Retina is the innermost, thin and transparent, Pneumotaxic centre is a respiratory centre.
purpulish red due to the presence of the eye Pons Varolii is situated in front of the
pigment rhodopsin. cerebellum below the midbrain and above the
medulla oblongata. It relays impulses
44 (d)
between the medulla oblongata and more
Hypothalamus is a control centre for hunger,
superior part of the brain, between the
thirst, sweating, sleep, fatigue, temperature,
hemispheres of the cerebellum and between
anger, pleasure, love, hate and satisfaction.
the cerebrum and cerebellum. It contains
Thus, if a man is suffering from the given
centre that work with those in the medulla to
abnormalities, he has a tumour in his
regulate breathing.
hypothalamus.
53 (b)
45 (b)
Piamater is thin innermost vascular and
Ten pairs of cranial nerves are present in
pigmented sheath that lies in contract with
fishes and amphibians. The cranial nerves
brain. At two places, it is fused with roof of
hypoglossal is present in rabbit but absent in
brain to form choroid plexuses for secreting
frog.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Arachnoid is thin
46 (c) webby and porous non-vascular sheath. A
Olfactoreceptors are smell senses. narrow sub-arachnoid space occurs between
47 (a) arachnoid and piamater. It contains
Reflexes are classified as the spinal reflexes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and connective
and the cranial reflexes. The former are so tissue strands.
called because their basic neural path leads 54 (d)
through spinal nerves and spinal cord. Meninges covers the brain and spinal cord.
Reflexes at the spinal level have the purpose
55 (e)
of removing the animal from harmful stimuli.
Medulla oblongata is the centre for heart
48 (a)

P a g e |23
 beats, respiration, blood pressure, etc. Retina is the lining of the interior of the
vertebrate eye containing a concentration of
56 (a)
photoreceptor cells known as rods and cones
Alcoholism mainly affects the cerebellum
that are connected to the optic nerve via
region of brain resulting in clumsy gait,
bipolar cells.
boisterous (noisely cheerful), loss of motor
coordination, so that driving ability is 64 (b)
impaired. The cornea admits and helps to focus light
waves as they enter the eye. It is avascular,
57 (b)
i. e ., has no blood supply, therefore, cornea
All along its median longitudinal line, the
transplant in human is almost nerve rejected.
floor of scala media (basilar membrane) is
thickened inwards, bulging into endolymph 65 (d)
as a sensory ridge called the organ of Corti. Muller’s fibres occur in retina of eye.
Organ of Corti is associated with hearing.
66 (a)
58 (c) Supply of glucose normally stored as glycogen
Cerebral hemisphere of forebrain is divided in the neurons, i. e ., brains also depends on
into frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital blood for glucose supply.
lobes. The occipital lobe is where your eyes
67 (b)
see and interpret what is seen.
Valve of Vieussens joined corpora
59 (b) quadrigemina (four-optic lobes) of
Reflex action is an immediate involuntary mammalian brain with the cerebellum.
action of any organ or part of the body in
68 (a)
response to a particular stimulus. Path of
Main cell body of neuron is called as cyton or
reflex action is:
soma. It contains large and centrally located
Receptor → Spinal cord → Muscles
nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, rough
60 (c) endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, fat
Rod and cone cells are the photoreceptor cells globules. Besides, these soma also contains
of retina. The rods contain the rhodopsin Nissl’s granules or neurofibrils. These are
(visual purple) pigment and enable the masses of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic
animals to see in darkness, therefore, present reticulum and are engaged in the process of
in large number in nocturnal animals. The protein synthesis.
cones contain the iodopsin (visual violet)
69 (a)
pigment and chiefly concerned with
Ten pairs of cranial nerves are present in an
distinction in colour and light vision during
anaminotes such as fishes and amphibians
day time.
like twelve pairs of cranial nerves are present
61 (d) in amniotes, like reptiles, birds and mammals
Multipolar neuron is a neuron that has one including rabbit and humans.
axon and several dendrons extending from its
70 (d)
cell body in different directions.
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is an
62 (b) inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human
The correct sequence of organs in the brain. It is a derivative of glutamic acid.
organization of human ear is the following:
71 (c)
Pinna → Auditory canal→ Tympanic membrane → Malleus → Incus → Stapes →Cochlea → Auditory nerve
Autonomic nervous system controls and
63 (a) coordinates the involuntary activities of

P a g e |24
 various internal organs. This system is cranial nerve.
divisible into two parts:
78 (a)
1.Sympathetic nervous system Lens is colourless, transparent and fibrous
crystalline structure made up of protein
2.Parasympathetic nervous system α ∧β−crystalline protein enclosed in lens
72 (d) membrane.
Presbyopia is the far sightedness which 79 (d)
commonly develops with advancing age. This Nervous system is formed of four types of
condition is due to loss of elasticity of the lens cells.
of the eye and reduced power of (i)Neurons- structural and functional unit.
accommodation. (ii)Neuroglia - Phagocytic and provide
73 (d) nutrition to neuron
Retina is formed of four layer of cells. (iii)Ependymal cells - their cilia move the
(i)Pigmented epithelium - having melanin cerebrospinal fluid
pigment granules in cytoplasm. (iv)Neurosecretory cells - these secrete
(ii)Layer of photoreceptors - rods and cones. neurochormones.
(iii)A layer of bipolar neurons - Act as both 80 (b)
sensory and conducting neurons. The grey matter is composed of nerve cells,
(iv)Retinal ganglion cells - axons form the nerve fibres and neuroglia, which are non-
optic nerve myelinated, while white matter consists
74 (b) mostly of myelinated axons.
Centrosome or cell centre is situated close of 81 (b)
the nuclear envelope and also called Cornea is anterior, smaller transparent,
microtubule organising centre (MIOC). It thicker bulging outward and exposed part of
plays an important role in animal cell division eye. It is non-vascular and refracts the
by producing microtubules or bipolar mitotic incident light rays to focus on the retina. It is
spindles. As the nerve cells lack centrosome, used in eye donation.
they are not capable to divide.
82 (b)
75 (a) Cone cells are the photoreceptors of the
Conditioned reflexes are acquired reflexes vertebrate retina that provide both colour
that is under the control of stimulus. The vision and visual acuity in bright light. Corpus
common examples are, sudden withdrawl of luteum is a part mammalian ovary. It is
hands or feet, with a jerk, from sudden formed after ovulation and acts as an
contact with hot or cold or sharp object, etc. temporary endocrine gland by releasing
76 (c) progesterone hormone for the maintenance
Tangoreceptors have sense of touch. pregnancy.
Meissner’s corpuscles are a type of 83 (c)
tangoreceptor which are found in dermis of The dorsal part of midbrain (mesencephalon)
skin of finger tip, lips and nipples. These have is in the form of two pairs (ie . , four) of
sense of touch and gentle pressure. spherical optic lobes (corpora quadrigemina)
77 (d) located behind the pineal body. Optic lobes
Organ of Corti present in cochlea of internal are reduced merely as reflex centres of visual
ear, transduce the sound and the information and auditory sensations.
is then passed onto the brain through eighth 84 (c)
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 Alzheimer’s disease in humans is associated 91 (d)
with the deficiency of acetylcholine. Cortisone is a corticosteroid that is itself
Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, biologically inactive and is formed naturally
progressive disorder, in which brain cells in the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex).
(neurons) deteriorate, resulting in the loss of 92 (a)
cognitive functions, primarily memory, Choroid plexus is a non-nervous vascular
judgement and reasoning, movement, pigmented tissue developing from the roof of
coordination and pattern recognition. In third and fourth ventricles of the vertebrate
advanced stages of the disease, all memory brain.
and mental functioning may be lost.
93 (b)
85 (a) Cones are related with vision in bright light
Central canal is a part of spinal cord. and contain pigment iodopsin. Rods are
86 (a) related with vision in dim light. Rods have
In mammalian brain, paired foramen of pigment rhodopsin.
Luschka are present on the lateral wall of 94 (d)
metacoel. Foramen of Magendie and foramina The motor nerve endings secrete
of Luschka, three ‘holes’ permit cerebrospinal acetycholine, which activates nicotinic
fluid to flow out into the subarachnoid space receptors of the muscle fibre membrane.
from metacoel. Curare inhibits the nicotinic receptors and
87 (c) blocks neuromuscular transmission.
Cavity of midbrain called iter or aqueduct of 95 (c)
Sylvius communicates diocoel with fourth Jacobson’s organ is an auxillary olfactory
ventricle of hindbrain. sense organ that is found in many animals. In
88 (b) mammals, the sensory neurons of Jacobson’s
th organ detect specific chemical compounds
The vagus crania nerve ( X cranial) of human
is made up of both sensory (incoming of contained within scents that are often but not
afferent) and motor (outgoing or efferent) always, large non-volatile molecules. It is well
nerve fibres. It regulates the function of heart developed in snakes and lizard.
rate, respiration rate and digestive activities. 96 (a)
Excessive stimulation of vagus nerve give rise The cutaneous plexus and the papillary
to peptic ulcer in humans. plexus consist of a network of nerves to
89 (a) provide dermal sensation.
Hypothalamus is the main coordinating and 97 (d)
control centre for autonomic nervous system. Noise has been well defined as unwanted
Its anterior part is thermoregulatory centre. sound which is being dumped into the
Hence, hypothalamus is called thermostate of atmosphere to disturb the unwilling ear.
the body. Sound intensity of 100 dB becomes
90 (b) uncomfortable and 130 dB painful.
Severe diarrhea, vomiting, watery stools are 98 (c)
the chief symptoms of cholera. All these lead Temporal lobe possesses Wernicke’s area
to dehydration. Therefore patient suffering that is responsible for understanding speech,
form cholera are given a saline drip because writing and spoken words.
N a+¿ ¿ ions help in the retention of water in
the body tissue. 99 (d)

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 Salivation is controlled by medulla oblongata. Retina is the innermost non-vascular light
Respiratory centre are also found in medulla sensitive coat. The optic part of retina has two
oblongata. parts pigmented and nervous part is
transparent and contains three layers of cells-
100 (d)
from inside-ganglion cells, bipolar cells and
The vitreous chamber in eye is filled with a
photoreceptor cells.
viscous jelly-like vitreous humour containing
99% water, some salt, a little mucoprotein 108 (d)
and hyaluronic acid. It is a part between lens The ciliary muscles are smooth muscles and
and retina. At this periphery, it is condensed are of circular and meridional type. These
to form a vitreous membrane. It is mucoid muscles alter the shape of lens during
connective tissue. accommodation. Suspensory ligaments are
attached to the ciliary body, which in turn are
101 (c)
attached to the capsule that surrounds the
Cranial nerves originates from brain. These
lens of the eye. Due to the action of the
nerves are motor, sensory and mixed types.
muscles of the ciliary body and suspensory
Abducens is the smallest cranial nerve, it
ligament, the focal length of the lens can be
carries stimulus from brain to posterior
changed. Then, the objects can be focussed in
rectus muscles of eye. So, abducens is a purely
different intensity of light from varying
motor nerve.
distances.
Vagus, facial and trigeminal nerves are mixed
cranial nerve, i. e ., they are both sensory and 109 (b)
motor in function. Myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous
system are formed by Schwann cells, which
102 (d)
indent to receive an axon and then wrap
Nerve cells are the part of nervous system.
themselves around it in a jelly roll fashion.
103 (b)
110 (b)
Trochlear nerve is fourth motor cranial nerve.
Oculomotor is a motor nerve, while optic,
This nerve name means ‘pulley’ because it
olfactory and auditory nerve are sensory in
innervates an extrinsic eye muscle that loops
function.
a pulley-shaped ligaments in the orbit.
111 (d)
104 (a)
The unmyelinated gaps or constrictions in the
Ultra violet radiation from can cause cataract
axons are called nodes of Ranvier.
and skin cancer.
112 (b)
105 (a)
The leg of frog moves on pinpointing even,
Synaptic vesicle, containings
when brain is crushed, because of simple
neurotransmitter, is found in pre-synaptic
reflex or unconditioned or inborn reflex.
neuron.
113 (d)
106 (b)
The retina is the neural and sensory layer of
When a nerve stimulus reaches the end of one
the eye ball. A small oval, yellowish area of
neuron, acetycholine, a neurotransmitter is
the retina lying exactly opposite to the centre
released from the synptic vesicles of the
of cornea and named maculalutea or yellow
neuron. This neurotransmitter helps in
spot which has at its middle a shallow
conducting the nerve stimulus to the adjacent
depression, the fovea centralis, which has
neuron.
only cone cells.
107 (c)
114 (a)
P a g e |27
 The autonomous nervous system regulates Corpus callosum is single thick bundle of
the secretion of glands whereas the glands do nerve fibres and forms a communication
not regulate the nervous system. bridge between left and right cerebral
hemispheres and allows information to pass
115 (a)
from one side of the brain to other side.
Meninges are the connective tissue
membranes which protect the central 121 (a)
nervous system and projections of its A nerve impulse may be defined as wave of
structure. These are of three types-piamater, depolarization of the membrane of the nerve
arachnoid and duramater. In brain, cell. The nerve impulse travels along a neuron
duramater is outermost layer, arachnoid is across a synapse (junction), between one
the middle and piamater is innermost layer. neuron and another or between a neuron and
an effector, such as a muscle or gland. The
116 (a)
synapse is an area of functional contact
The given diagram represents a reflex arc and
between one neuron and another for the
its labelling is as follows:
purpose of transferring information. Sir
Charles Sherrington (1861-1954) was the
first person, who used the term ‘synapse’ to
the junctional points between two neurons.
122 (c)
Parietal lobe of brain has taste area.
123 (c)
The rods bear a long with thin cylinder, each
of which contains a purple pigment rhodopsin
made of a protein and vitamin-A. light splits
117 (b)
The velocity of conduction of action potential rhodopsin into a pigment retinene and a
propogation is fastest in large diameter protein scotopsin (opsin). This process is
myelinated axons than in unmyelinated called bleaching. This depolarizes the rod
axons. In myelinated fibres,, conduction cells to release a neurotransmitter,
velocity is directly proportional to the transmitting the nerve impulse to the bipolar
thickness of the myelin sheath. cells, ganglion cells and then to the optic
nerve fibres. In night, light is received from
118 (b) the moon and stars. It is resynthesized from
Pons Varolii is situated in front of the retinene and scotopsin by vitamin-A.
cerebellum below the midbrain and above the
medulla oblongata. It consists of nerve fibres 124 (c)
and from pons bridge between the two If an organism has more rods, it will active
hemispheres of the cerebellum. during night. The rod contains a visual
pigment rhodopsin and are adapted for vision
119 (b) in dim light.
Medulla oblongata controls involuntary
functions of body through a number of 125 (d)
centres like cardiac centre, respiratory centre, In parasympathetic nervous system,
vasomotor centres (contraction of blood acetycholine is released at effector.
vessels) salivary centres etc. 126 (b)
Trigeminal nerve or trigeminus is fifth pair of
120 (a)

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cranial nerves in frog. 127 (d)
The sixth cranial nerve or abducens nerve is a
motor, proprioceptive nerve. It has a pathway
from pons to lateral rectus muscle; from eye
muscles eye muscles to pons. It functions for
the movement of eye ball and muscle sense.
128 (c)
Three key functions of myelin sheath are:
(i)Protection of nerve fibre.
(ii)Insulation of nerve fibre
(iii)Increases the rate of transmission of
nerve impulses.
Key functions of nodes of Ranvier include:
(i)Allowing nutrients and waste products to
enter/leave the neuron.
(ii)Allowing nerve impulses to move along
the neuron through a process of de-
polarization and re-polarization of the nerve
membrane.
129 (c)
Vestibular apparatus is the part of the inner
ear, which together with the cochlea forms
the membranous labyrinth. It is associated
with the body balance.
130 (c)
Somatic sensory neurons occur in peripheral
nerves in the skin, skeletal muscle, joints and
bones. These transmit the sensory
information to the sensory nervous system.
131 (a)
A synapse is the link between one neuron and
another. There is no physical contact between
one neuron and the next, instead there is a
tiny gap called synaptic cleft.
132 (c)
Spinal nerves come out from spinal cord
(gray matter). There are 37 pair of spinal
nerves in rabbit.
31 pairs of spinal nerves are found in man.
133 (a)
Spinal nerve is mixed nerve, which arises
from grey matter of spinal cord. Spinal nerves
have two roots. The dorsal root is sensory
and the ventral root is motor. If dorsal root of

P a g e |29
 spinal cord is broken down, the pathway of Cerebrum consists of centre for thinking and
nerve will break so, no impulse will be learning.
transmitted.
144 (a)
134 (a) Sympathetic nervous system dilates the
The Post-ganglionic nerve fibres of pupils, therefore, permitting more light to
sympathetic nervous system are adrenergic, enter into the eyes. Sympathetic nervous
i. e ., they release the neurotransmitter system includes a chain of sympathetic
noradrenaline at their termination. ganglia.
135 (a) 145 (b)
Lipofucsin granules are found in nerve cells. Dreaming occurs during REM sleep.
Their amount increases with age. These are
146 (c)
made up of residual bodies derived from
Neurons are excitable cells because their
lysosomes.
membrane are in a polarized state. Different
137 (b) types of selectively permeable channels are
The cone cells are the light sensitive receptor present on the neural membrane. When a
cells, found in the retina of all diurnal neuron is not conducting any impulse, i. e .,
vertebrates. Cones are specialized to transmit resting, the axonal membrane is
information about colour and are respectively comparatively more permeable to potassium
for the visual activity of eye. ion (K +¿¿ ) and nearly impermeable to sodium
ion (N a+¿ ¿).
138 (d)
Olfactory lobes are solid. 147 (b)
Presence of Nissl’s granules (bodies of large
139 (c)
and irregular masses of ribosomes and RER)
There are two types of photoreceptor cells of
is a characteristic feature of neurons.
retina, namely rods and cones. The rods
contain a purplish red protein called the 148 (c)
rhodopsin or visual purple, which contains a Retina of eye consists of photoreceptor
derivative of vitamin-A. neurons, i. e ., rods and cones. Rods contains
rhodopsin, which consists of the protein
140 (c)
scotopsin and retinene, (a derivative and
Temporal lobe consists of olfactory smell
vitamin-A). Rods are highly sensitive to dim
area.
light and are specialized for night, vision.
141 (a)
149 (b)
Neuron is the largest body cell. Neuron is the
The rods are longer, slender and cylindrical,
structural and functional unit of nervous
while cones are shorter, thicker and
system.
somewhat cube-shaped. Rods are related
142 (a) with vision in dim light. Cones are related
If air conduction and bone conduction with day vision and colour vision. Retina of
showed a similar degree of hearing loss, the nocturnal birds, such as owls, contains only
subject would have sensorineural hearing rods. That is why, owls sleep during day and
loss. The ear is most sensitive to frequencies hunts during night.
between 1 kHz and 3 kHz. The endolymph is
150 (a)
not an ultrafiltrate of plasma but is rich in
Lateral to the blind spot, there is a depressed
potassium and low in sodium.
area of the retina, called foveacentralis, which
143 (a) contains only cones. Ability for vision is
P a g e |30
highest in the fovea. 151 (a)
All multicellular animals contain elongated
nerve cells, called neurons. Each neuron has a
cell body, axon and smaller processes called
dendrites. An axon is the process of a nerve
cell that carries impulses away from it. Axons
run parallel to one another and each is
surrounded along its whole length by series
of Schwann cells. They may have myelin
sheath.
152 (c)
Cerebrum is the largest and most prominent
part of the brain and covers all other parts of
the brain. The major functions of cerebrum
are concerned with conscious sensation, will
skilled work, intelligence (including memory,
experience learning, thinking, reasoning,
knowledge, speech) and other voluntary
activities, etc.
153 (b)
A-axon terminal, B-synaptic vesicles, C-
synaptic cleft, D-receptors
E- neurotransmitters
154 (d)
Two types of system in the body is
responsible for inter-cellular communication
nervous and hormonal.

1.Nervous system is responsible for short

time and quick effect.

2.Endocrine system secretes hormone.

Hormone effect is long lasting and slow.
155 (c)
Diencephalon is a small, unpaired and median
squarish part of forebrain. Its dorsal wall
called epithalamus and the overlying pia-
arachnoid matter are thrown into highly
vascular internal folds or tufts invaginated
into the diocoel. This dorsal wall is, therefore,
called anterior choroid plexus. From the
blood capillaries of this plexus some amount
of plasma fluid continuously oozes out into
the cerebrospinal fluid.
156 (a)

P a g e |31
Interoceptors are receptors, which are 157 (b)
sensitive to stimuli coming from internal Point ‘C’ in the figure represents the stage
body organs. These carry sensations of pain, where all N a+¿ ¿ channels are reactivated but
thirst, visceral pain, nausea as well as sexual closed and all K +¿¿ channels are closed.
and circulatory sensations.

P a g e |32
158 (a) 159 (a)
Para-ventricular nucleus of hypothalamus is Sympathetic nervous system increases the
related to sweat secretion. rate and force of heart beat, constricts most
blood vessels, raises the arterial blood
pressure, dilates the pupil, slows down
peristaltic movements and relax the urinary
bladder.
160 (a)
The hindbrain or rhombencephalon basically
contains cerebellum (or metencephalon) and
medulla oblongata (myelencephalon).
Telencephalon or cerebrum is the part of
forebrain.
161 (d)
Human nervous system has two parts-central
and peripheral. The peripheral nervous
system is distinguished into somatic nervous
system, which controls the masculo-skeletal
system, external sense organs and skin under
the will and automic nervous system
controlling the smooth muscles of internal
organs and glands without consulting the will.
162 (b)
In frog, ninth pair of cranial nerve is
glossopharyngeal, while trigeminal is fifth
pair and vagus is tenth pair of cranial nerves,
Hypoglossal is absent in frogs, it is commonly
found in rabbit.
163 (c)
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter used to cause
Parkinson’s disease.
164 (c)
Areolar connective tissue contains collagen,
epithelium contains keratin and muscle fibres
contains actin but neuron does not contain
melanin. Neuron is the structural and
functional unit of nervous system.
165 (a)
In neurons, the restoration of resting
potential is called repolarization. After
depolarization, with the increase of sodium
ions inside the nerve fibre, the membrane
becomes less permeable to N a+¿ ¿ and more to

P a g e |33
 K +¿¿ . the N a+¿ ¿ channels of axon membrane spectacles with concave lenses.
+¿¿ +¿ ¿
close and K channels open. N a influx
173 (b)
stops and K +¿¿ outflow starts until the original
Hypothalamus is the main coordinating and
resting state of ionic concentration is
control centre for autonomic nervous system.
achieved. Thus, resting potential is restored,
It is centre of thermoregulation, appetite,
which is called repolarization of the
thirst, hunger and satisfaction.
membrane. Until repolarization occurs,
neuron cannot conduct another impulse. The 174 (a)
time taken for this restoration is called In brain, arbor vitae is made up of grey
refractory period. matter.

166 (c) 175 (b)

Scala media contains the organ of hearing Covering of muscle cells is known as
named organ of Corti. Organ of Corti rests on sacrolemma. Neurons are the fundamental
the basilar membrane. units of nervous system. Each neuron has the
following basic parts:
167 (b)
The spinal nerves passes out from vertebrae 1.The cell body or cyton
through intervertebral foramen. There are
2.Dendrons
total 31 pairs of spinal nerves (8 cervial, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and last one 3.Axon
coccygeal) in human.
176 (a)
168 (a) From the brain of rabbit, 12 pairs of cranial
Frog has 10 pairs of cranial nerves, while man nerves originate.
has 12 pairs.
177 (d)
169 (b) Pupil is the central perforation of iris. Its size
The cristae of rabbit ear helps in maintaining is controlled by the contraction of radial
balance in transverse position of longitudinal (dilates pupil) and circular (constricts pupil)
axis of semi-circular canals. muscles if iris in response to dim and strong
170 (b) light respectively. Both of these muscles are
Hypothalamus acts as a bridge between under control of autonomic nervous systems.
nervous system and endocrine system. It is a 178 (a)
centre for hunger, thirst, sweating, sleeps, Abducens (abducent) nerve is a cranial nerve,
fatigue, temperature, anger, pleasure, love, which originated from the ventral surface of
hate, satisfaction, to release factors for medulla oblongata. It innervates the lateral
endocrine glands, to control autonomic rectus muscle of eye ball. It is a motor nerve
nerves system and regulation of and controls the movement of the eye ball.
parasympathetic activity. Hence, if abducens nerve is injured in a man,
171 (c) movement of eye ball will be affected.
Protective covering of brain is called cranium. 179 (d)
172 (c) Olfactory nerve fibres arise from olfactory
In myopia or short-sightedness (near object is recepter cells located in olfactory epithelium
clear, far object is not clear), eye ball becomes of nasal cavity. Bipolar neurons are found in
longer and image is formed before retina. olfactory epithelium. These neurons have
This defect of eye can be corrected by using only two processes, an axon at one end and a

P a g e |34
 dendrite at another end. process of expelling out N a+¿ ¿ ions and
drawing in K +¿¿ ions against the
180 (a)
concentration gradient and electrochemical
Sympathetic nerve accelerates heart beat due
gradient is called sodium-potassium
to adrenaline. Adrenaline or epinephrine is a
exchangepump of the cell.
hormone secreted by the medulla of the
adrenal gland. It presents the body for 187 (a)
emergency action. It increases strength and Neuron or nerve cell is the longest cell and
rate of heart beat. and forms unit of nervous tissue.
Neurons consists of two main parts:
181 (a)
(i)Main body, which has cell organelles like
Neuroglia cells re the special connective
nucleus, cyton.
tissue cell that occur in the central nervous
(ii)Long process, known as axon, which
system. These are non-sensory supporting
conducts impulse away from the cell
cells and are of four types- oligodendrocytes,
body and remains covered by a fatty sheath
astrocytes (both larger, also called
known as myelin sheath.
macroglia), microglia and epidermal cells.
Dendrites are processes that arise from the
182 (d) cell body.
Vertebral column protects spinal cord.
188 (a)
183 (b) Out of the given, accessory spinal is a motor
Cerebrum forms the major part of the human nerve.
brain. A deep cleft divided the cerebrum
189 (d)
longitudinally into two halves-left and right
Peristalsis of the intestine is an example of
cerebral hemispheres. The hemispheres are
autonomous nervous system.
connected by a tract of nerve fibres called
corpus callosum. 190 (a)
In resting nerve fibre (a nerve fibre that is not
184 (b)
conducting an impulse), sodium ions (N a+¿ ¿)
Two types of brain cells are-the neuron and
predominate in the extra cellular fluid,
neuroglia. Neurons are functional typical
whereas potassium ions (K +¿¿ ) predominate
nerve cells, which generate and conduct
in the intracellular fluid (within the fibre).
impulses. Due to high degree of specialization,
This result in the fact that, the resting
the neuron loss their ability to divide. The
membrane has only a poor permeability for
neuroglia have ability of division.
N a+¿ ¿ although it has a higher permeability
185 (b) for K +¿¿ .
Nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization of
191 (a)
the membrane of nerve cell. The nerve
During the transmission of nerve impulse
impulse travel along a neuron or across a
through a nerve fibre, the potential on the
synapse. In the axon of motor nerve fibre the
inner side of the plasma membrane has first
nerve impulse travels away from the cell
negative charge, then positive and again
body.
negative by repolarisation.
186 (a)
192 (b)
Energy from ATP cause confirmational
Sweating (maintenance of body temperature)
change in the solute carrier complex. From
is not a reflex action. It is regulated by
energy of one ATP, three N a+¿ ¿ pumped
automatic nervous system.
outside and two K +¿¿ ions taken in. this
193 (a)
P a g e |35
 The outermost covering of brain is Blood pressure and blood flow through blood
duramater, which is thick and non-vascular vessels are maintained under involuntary
membrane. sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
194 (a)
Pneumotaxic centre which can moderate the 200 (a)
function of the respiratory rhythm centre is Ideally, there are as many pairs of spinal
present in the pons region of the brain. nerves as the number of vertebrae. However,
Neural signal from this centre can reduce the in man 31 pairs of spinal nerves are present
duration of inspiration and thereby alter the including 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs
respiratory rate. of thoracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, 5
pairs of sacral nerves and 1 pair of coccygeal
195 (d)
nerves.
Spinal cord is an elongated cylindrical
structure which lies in the neural canal of the The cervical vertebrae are the vertebrae of
vertebral column and is continued with the neck region. Whether the neck is short as in
medulla oblongata through foramen magnum mouse or long as in a camel or giraffe, their
of the skull. It has an H-shaped central area of number is seven in all mammals (including
grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of man) except some, e . g . , sloths and the sea
white matter. cows.
196 (c) 201 (b)
Correct pairs are as follows: In normal resting stage, nerve fibres are in
the form of polarized stage with a resting
Part/Gland Secretion
membrane potential of -70 mV. When a nerve
Corpus luteum Progesterone impulse travels through nerve fibre,
and oestrogen depolarization takes place due to influx (i. e .,
Interstitial Testosterone inside movement) of N a+¿ ¿ ion.
cells (testis) 202 (d)
Adenohypoph FSH In human brain, hypothalamus is a centre for
ysis(pituitary) hunger, thirst, sweating, sleep, fatigue,
temperature, anger, pleasure, love, hate and
Acrosome Hyaluronidase satisfaction.
Hypothalamus Releasing or 203 (a)
inhibiting Blind spot is a region at the back of eye where
neurohormones
the optic nerve exists the eye on its way to the
197 (d) brain. At this spot no image is formed due to
Syrinx is the sound producing organ of birds, absence of photoreceptor cells- rods and
containing typically a resonating chamber cones.
with elastic vibrating membranes of
204 (c)
connective tissue (vocal cords); situated at
Hypothalamus is a control centre of
points where trachea splits into bronchi.
autonomic nervous system. It controls
198 (d) hunger, thirst, sleeping, osmoregulation,
Yellow spot or macula lutea is found in eye of thermoregulation, emotions like love, anger,
rabbit and other mammels but not in frog. pleasure, etc.
199 (d) 205 (b)

P a g e |36
 Cerebellum consists of two lateral cerebellar Frontal lobe of brain controls intellutectual
hemispheres. A cross section of cerebellar ability. Parietal lobe contains somesthetic
hemisphere shows a branching tree-like area for general sensation and area of taste
arrangement of grey and white matter called and speech. Temporal lobe is concerned with
the arbor vitae. It is the second largest part of hearing and reading. Occipital lobe contains
brain. It helps control body posture, visual area for visual sensation.
maintenance of muscle tone, coordinate
212 (c)
voluntary muscular activties and equilibrium
Association area is present in parietal lobe of
of body.
cerebral hemisphere. It is involved in
206 (d) interpreting an input, storing input
Medulla oblongata contains centre for the information and initiating a response in the
control of heart beat, respiration, digestion, light of similar past experience.
blood pressure, gut peristalsis, swallowing of
213 (a)
food, secretion of gland, involuntary function,
Lens and sensory ligament divide the interior
i. e ., vomiting, coughing, vasoconstrictor,
of the eyeball into two chambers aqueous and
vasodilator, sneezing, hiccuping, etc., medulla
vitreous containing aqueous and vitreous
oblongata is not the centre for temperature
humour respectively.
regulation, it is controlled by ‘hypothalamus’.
214 (a)
207 (c)
When a stimulus is applied, sodium
Schwann cells are associated with nervous
potassium pump stop operating. Sodium ions
tissue.
rush inside and potassium ions rush outside.
208 (d) This results in depolarization (action
There are ten laminae in the grey matter of potential). After a period of action potential
spinal matter. sodium potassium pump operate (efflux of
N a+¿ ¿ and influxes of K +¿¿ ) and axon will get
209 (a)
resting potential by repolarization.
Hypothalamus is the part of the sides and
floor of the brain derived from the forebrain. 215 (a)
It lies at the base of thalamus. The Vagus nerve is a mixed cranial nerve,
hypothalamus contains a number of centres, controlling much of the gut, ventilatory
which control body temperature, urge for system and heart. It does not affect tongue
eating and drinking. It also contains several movements. Tongue movement is controlled
groups of neurosecretory cells, which secrete by glossopharyngeal nerve.
hormones called, hypothalamic hormones.
216 (b)
210 (c) The vagus nerves (parasympathetic) supply
The main parts of diencephalon are mainly the SA and AV-node and atrial
epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus. muscles. The parasympathetic stimulation
Epithalamus is thin non nervous part. Its reduces the rate at which impulses are
anterior part is vascular and folded to form produced, decreasing the rate and force of the
the anterior choroid plexus. Just behind the heart beat.
anterior choroid plexus the epithelium forms
217 (e)
a short stalk, the pineal stalk which has a
There are two types of axons-myelinated and
rounded pineal body.
non-myelinated. The myelinated nerve fibres
211 (a) are enveloped with Schwann cells, which
form a myelin sheath around the axon. The

P a g e |37
 gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths smallest in the most distal regions (e . g . ,
are called nodes of Ranvier. Myelinated nerve fingertips, lips). Sensory information from the
fibres are found in spinal and cranial nerves. skin reaches the brain via several pathways
Non-myelinated nerve fibre is enclosed by a most notably the dorsal column pathway and
Schwann cell that does not form a myelin the spinothalamic tract.
sheath around the axon, and is commonly
224 (b)
found in autonomous and the somatic neural
Feature Sympathet Parasymp
systems. ic Nervous athetic
218 (a) System Nervous
A-Sense organ B-Sensory nerve System
C-Dorsal horn D-Interneuron Pupil of Dilates Constricts
E-Ventral horn F-Motor nerve the eye
GvEffector
Salivary Decreased Increased
219 (a) gland secretion secretion
Lysozyme is a protein with low molecular
Heart Increased Decrease
weight found in phagocytic cells and most of
rate d
the tissue fluids. The fluids like sweat, urine,
cerebrospinal fluid do not contain them. They Intestina Inhibits Stimulate
have mucolytic property due to which they l
225 (c) s
act on glycopeptide cell walls of certain Middle meninx is arachnoid membrane.
microorganisms and cause their lysis.
226 (d)
220 (a) The upper or superior surface of the
The cranial nerve, oculomotor is carrying the ‘midbrain’ has two pairs of rounded
nerve fibres originating from the Edinger- protrusions collectively called the corpora
Westphal nucleus. quadrigemina; one pair is called superior
221 (c) colliculi and the other pair is called inferior
Vagus nerve gives many branches (about 13 colliculi.
pair). It is mixed and longest cranial nerve. 227 (b)
Vagus nerve innervate muscles of larynx, The neurosensory layer of eye is the layer on
pharynx, oesophagus, gullet, stomach, heart which image is formed, this consists of retina,
and lungs. which includes rods and cones in it. Rods are
222 (c) helpful for visualization in dim light and is
Bowman’s glands, present in the lining of responsible for black and white vision, while
nasal epithelium, secretes mucus. All cone cells produce sharp, coloured image in
odoriferous materials give off chemical bright light. So, cones are helpful in
particles, which are carried into the nose with perception and differentiation of colours.
inhaled air and stimulate the nerve cells of 228 (a)
the olfactory region when dissolved in this The myelin sheath of myelinated nerve fibres
mucus. prevents flow of ions between extracellular
223 (c) fluid and axoplasm. Exchange of ions can
Nociceptors (itch and pain) and occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. Therefore,
thermoreceptors are bare nerve endings. The action potential jumps from node to node and
receptive fields vary across the skin being passes along myelinated axon faster than the
series of smaller local currents in a non-

P a g e |38
myelinated axon. This is called saltatory 229 (a)
conduction. Cerebellum is a portion of hindbrain. Its
primary function is to maintain posture,
orientation and equilibrium of body by
coordinating and regulating tone and
contraction of voluntary muscles mainly
according to the commands of cerebrum.
230 (e)
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the
autonomous nervous system with adrenergic
nerve fibres, which release ‘adrenaline’. It
increases the functioning of visceral organs. It
increases heart beat, respiration, dilates the
pupil, rises blood pressure, etc.
It controls the secretion of adrenaline by
adrenal medulla, functions as emergency
hormone. It induces fight, flight and fright
reactions.
Watching a horror movie or under stress
conditions, sympathetic nervous system is
activated secreting adrenaline. It causes high
heart beat, high respiration and inhibits the
salivation and secretion from digestive glands
making mouth dry.
231 (d)
Retina of eye is analogous to film of a camera.
232 (b)
Cerebellum is an ovoid part of the brain and is
located below the occipital lobes of the
cerebrum.
Its surface is formed by numerous patches of
grey matter, which deep down into white
matter. Intermixing of white and grey matter
provides the appearance of tree-like
structure, which is known as arbor vitae.
233 (d)
Glaucoma is an eye defect, in which intra-
ocular pressure becomes different in the two
chambers causing acute pain leading to
damaged retina and hence, blindness.
234 (c)
There are twelve cranial nerves in mammals.
Hypoglossal (the 12th) cranial nerve is
responsible for movement of neck and
tongue. It contains both sensory and motor
P a g e |39
fibres. 235 (b)
Broca’s area is situated in the frontal lobe of
cerebrum usually on the left side. It is related
to the translation of thoughts into speech,
hence, it is also called motor speech area.

P a g e |40
236 (c) mammals.
Human eyes have remarkable power of
242 (c)
accommodation by changing the convexity of
During synaptic excitation, the postsynaptic
the lens. Due to action of the muscles of
cell depolarizes. Epsps are graded in intensity
ciliary body and suspensory ligament the
and can summate.
focal length of the lens can be changed. Then
the objects can be focused in different 243 (a)
intensity of light from varying distances. For Velocity=metre per second,
accommodation of distant objects, ciliary Therefore, time taken=distance÷ velocity
muscles relaxed and suspensory ligaments 244 (a)
tightly stretched. The electrical potential difference across the
237 (b) resting plasma membrane is called as the
Resting potential is the difference in electrical resting potential.
potential that exists across the membrane of 245 (a)
nerve cells. The resting potential is Medulla oblongata is the centre to regulate
maintained with the help of sodium- heart beat, blood pressure, gut peristalsis,
potassium pump. food swallowing, vomiting and gland
238 (a) secretion.
Reflex arc is the arrangement of neurons in Hypothalamus regulates body temperature,
the pathway that always passes through controls emotions like love, anger, pleasure
central nervous system. The axon of one and satisfaction.
neuron ends on the dendrites of next neuron. 246 (c)
Such a junction is called synapse. The brain is the centre of the nervous system
Monosynaptic reflex arc has only two in all vertebrates and most invetebrate
neurons, i. e ., sensory and motor which animals. The neural plate of ectoderm forms
forms one synapse. the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
239 (d) 247 (b)
The inner ear consists of a labyrinth of Myelin sheath is interrupted at some places to
channels within a skull bone (the temporal form gaps. These gaps are called nodes of
bone). The part of the inner ear involved in Ranvier.
hearing is cochlea. The cochlea has two large
chambers, an upper vestibular canal and a 248 (b)
lower tympanic canal, separated by a smaller Preganglionic nerve fibres of III
cochlear duct. The vestibular and tympanic (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX
canals filled with perilymph, while cochlear (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus) cranial
duct is filled with endolymph. nerves are a part of parasympathetic nervous
system. V, VII, IX and X cranial nerves are
240 (c) mixed nerves.
Yellow spot or macula lutea is a region in
retina of eye and contain only cone cells filled 249 (c)
with yellow pigment. Below this lies fovea Organ of Corti is present on the basilar
centralis, which is most sensitive part of eye. membrane as a sensory ridge in cochlear part
of internal ear. It is formed of receptor cells,
241 (b) Deiteir’s cells and supporting cells.
Corpus callosum is a neural connection
between two cerebral hemispheres of 250 (c)

P a g e |41
The posterior part of the retina, which is just 251 (b)
opposite to the lens is called fovea centralis or When a nerve fibre is stimulated, its
yellow spot, which contains only cones and membrane becomes more permeable to
has yellow pigment. The images are normally sodium ions, hence, more sodium ions enter
focused on this area. the axon than potassium ions leaving it. As a
result, the positive and negative charges on
the outside and inside of the membrane are
reversed. The membrane with reversed
polarity is called depolarized.
252 (a)
Malleus is the outermost, hammer ossicle and
is attached to the inner surface of membrane.
The middle ear ossicle i.e., incus is the anvil
and attached to stapes by a ball and socket
joint. Stapes is the innermost ossicle,
articulates with malleus by a synovial joint.
253 (a)
Ampullae of Lorenzini, situated in the snout
of shark, are thermoreceptors responding to
changes in temperature.
254 (c)
In the CNS, the majority of nerve cell bodies
are found in the grey matter. The myelin
sheath of CNS axons is formed by
oligodendropcytes. The blood-brain barrier
isolates central neurons from alterations to
plasma composition. The CSF is not an
ultrafiltrate of plasma but is secreted by
choroid plexus.
255 (b)
During repolarization, N a+¿ ¿ channels are
closed. Actually, it occurs due to
depolarization, so that no more N a+¿ ¿ ions
can enter the cell. After about 0.5 ms,
permeability to K +¿¿ ion increases because the
build up of positive charge inside the cell
opens voltage-gated K +¿¿ channels.
256 (d)
Action potential occurs due to the movement
of N a+¿ ¿ ions from extracellular fluid to
intracellular fluid.
Assertion - Reasoning Type
257 (c)
+ ¿¿

To maintain the unequal distribution of N a+¿∧K ¿

P a g e |42
ions, the nerve uses chemical energy in the form Matrix Match Type
+¿ ¿
of ATP to actively transport N a ions out of cell
+¿¿
and more K inside the cell.

P a g e |43
258 (c)
Column I Column II
Coccygeal nerves 1 pair
Cervical nerves 8 pairs
Cervical nerves 8 pairs
Thoracic nerves 12 pairs
261 (d)
Lumbar nerves 5 pairs Column I Column II

Coccygeal nerves 1 pair Neuron Nissl’s bodies

259 (e) Bone matrix Ossein
Column I Column II
RBCs of organ Non-
Fovea Transduces RGB light nucleated

Iris Controls amount of Lymphocytes Antibodies

light entering
262 (d)
Pupil Provide opening for Column I Column II
entry of light
Cerebrum Seat of
Lens Focuses light on the intelligence
retina
Cerebellum Maintains body
Optic nerve Transmits
information to CNS posture

260 (e) Hypothalamus Controls the

pituitary
Column I Column II
Midbrain Controls vision
Sacral nerves 5 pairs
and hearing
Thoracic nerves 120pairs

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