Robert Frysztak, PhD.

Structure of the Human Body

Loyola University Chicago
Stritch School of Medicine

UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE TABLE

MUSCLE (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP

Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd metacarpal Median nerve Flexes and abducts hand at wrist Radial artery Anterior forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris Humeral head: medial epicondyle of Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm
Pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base
humerus Ulnar head: olecranon and Ulnar nerve
of 5th metacarpal
posterior border of ulna
Flexor digitorum profundus Medial and anterior surface of Flexes distal phalanges of medial four Anterior forearm
Palmar base of distal phalanges of Medial part: ulnar nerve Lateral Anterior interosseous artery,
proximal 3/4 of ulna and digits, assists with flexion of hand at muscular branches of ulnar
medial four digits part: median nerve artery
wrist
interosseous membrane
Flexor digitorum superficialis Humero‐ulnar head: medial epicondyle of Flexes middle and proximal phalanges of medial four Anterior forearm
humerus and coronoid digits, flexes Ulnar and radial arteries hand at wrist
Bodies of middle phalanges of medial
process of ulna Median nerve
four digits
Radial head: superior half of
anterior radius
Flexor pollicis longus Anterior surface of radius and Palmar base of distal phalanx of Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Flexes phalanges of thumb Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm
interosseous membrane thumb
Palmaris longus Distal half of flexor retinaculum and Flexes hand at wrist and tenses Posterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm
Medial epicondyle of humerus Median nerve palmar aponeurosis
palmar aponeurosis
Pronator quadratus Distal fourth of anterior ulna Distal fourth of anterior radius Median nerve (anterior interosseous) Pronates forearm Anterior interosseous artery Anterior forearm

Pronator teres Two heads: medial epicondyle of Pronates forearm and assists with Anterior ulnar recurrent artery Anterior forearm
Midway along lateral surface of Median nerve elbow flexion
humerus and coronoid process of radius
ulna
Anconeus Posterior surface of lateral Lateral surface of olecranon and Assists triceps in extending elbow, Deep brachial artery Arm
epicondyle of humerus posterior proximal ulna Radial nerve (C5–T1) abducts ulna in pronation
Biceps brachii Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of Flexes and supinates forearm at Muscular branches of brachial Arm
scapula Radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6) elbow artery
Short head: tip of coracoid process of via bicipital aponeurosis scapula

Brachialis Distal half of anterior surface of Coronoid process and tuberosity of Musculocutaneous nerve and radial Radial recurrent artery, Arm
humerus ulna Flexes forearm at elbow muscular branches of brachial
nerve (C7) artery
Middle third of medial surface of
Coracobrachialis Tip of coracoid process of scapula Musculocutaneous nerveFlexes and adducts arm at shoulder Muscular branches of brachial artery Arm humerus
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: upper half of posterior Posterior surface of olecranon Extends forearm at elbow; long head
humerus process of ulna stabilizes head of abducted humerus
Triceps brachii Radial nerve Arm
Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial and Branch of profunda brachii artery
posterior humerus and extends and adducts arm at shoulder

Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform bone and tendon of Medial side of base of proximal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Abducts little finger Deep palmar branch of ulnar Hand
flexor carpi ulnaris phalanx of little finger (5th digit) artery
Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of Lateral side of base of proximal Median nerve (recurrent branch) Abducts thumb Superficial palmar branch of Hand
scaphoid and trapezium phalanx of thumb radial artery

07/16/2015
 Robert Frysztak, PhD.
Structure of the Human Body
Loyola University Chicago
Stritch School of Medicine

Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd

metacarpals and capitate and
Medial side of base of proximal
Adductor pollicis adjacent bones Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Adducts thumb Deep palmar arch Hand phalanx of thumb
Transverse head: anterior surface of
3rd metacarpal
Abduct digits from axial line of
Base of proximal phalanges, extensor hand
Adjacent sides of two metacarpal
Dorsal interosseous muscles Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (3rd digit); flex digits at Deep palmar arch Hand
bones
expansion of digits 2–4 metacarpophalangeal joint and
extend interphalangeal joints
PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT
MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP
(ORIGIN) (INSERTION)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor retinaculum and hook of Medial side of base of proximal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Flexes proximal phalanx of little Deep palmar branch of ulnar Han
hamate bone phalanx of little finger finger artery d
Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum and tubercle Lateral side of base of proximal Median nerve (recurrent branch) Flexes proximal phalanx of Superficial palmar branch of Han
of trapezium phalanx of thumb thumb radial artery d
Lateral two tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor Extend digits at interphalangeal
Superficial and deep palmar Han
Lumbrical, first and second digitorum profundus expansion of digits 2 and 3 Median nerve (digital branches) joints, flex metacarpophalangeal
arches d
joints
Medial three tendons of flexor Lateral sides of extensor Extend digits at interphalangeal
Superficial and deep palmar Han
Lumbrical, third and fourth digitorum profundus expansion of digits 4 and 5 Ulnar nerve (deep branch) joints, flex metacarpophalangeal
arches d
joints
Opponens digiti minimi Flexor retinaculum and hook of Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly Deep palmar branch of ulnar Han
hamate bone and rotates it to face thumb artery d
Opponens pollicis Flexor retinaculum and tubercle Lateral side of 1st metacarpal Median nerve (recurrent branch) Draws 1st metacarpal forward Superficial palmar branch of Han
of trapezium and rotates it medially radial artery d
Bases of proximal phalanx and Adducts digits toward axial line
extensor expansion of digits 2, 4, of hand (3rd digit); flexes digits Han
Palmar interosseous muscles Sides of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5 Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch
and 5 at metacarpophalngeal joint and d
extends interphalangeal joints
Palmaris brevis Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Skin of medial border of palm Superficial palmar branch of Deepens hollow of hand, assists Superficial palmar arch Han
retinaculum ulnar nerve grip d
Sternal half of clavicle, sternum Pectoral branch of thoraco‐
to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, Lateral lip of intertubercular Medial and lateral pectoral Flexes and adducts arm, rotates acromial artery, perforating
Pectoralis major Pectoral region/ axilla
aponeurosis of external oblique sulcus of humerus nerves arm medially branches of internal thoracic
muscle artery
Outer surface of upper margin of ribs Lowers lateral angle of scapula Pectoral branch of thoraco‐
Pectoralis minor Coracoid process of Medial pectoral nerve and protracts scapula acromial and intercostal lateral Pectoral region/axilla
scapula 3–5 thoracic arteries
Abductor pollicis longus Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and Abducts and extends thumb at Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm
Base of 1st metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) carpometacarpal
interosseous membrane joint
Brachioradialis Proximal 2/3 of lateral Lateral side of distal end of Radial nerve Weak flexion of forearm when Radial recurrent artery Posterior forearm
supracondylar ridge of humerus radius forearm is midpronated
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal Radial nerve (deep branch) Extends and abducts hand at Radial artery, radial recurrent Posterior forearm
and slip to 2nd metacarpal wrist artery
Extensor carpi radialis longus Distal third of lateral Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal Radial nerve Extends and abducts hand at Radial artery, radial recurrent Posterior forearm
supracondylar ridge of humerus and slip to 3rd metacarpal wrist artery
Extensor carpi ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal base of 5th metacarpal Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends and adducts hand at Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm
and posterior border of ulna wrist

07/16/2015
 Robert Frysztak, PhD.
Structure of the Human Body
Loyola University Chicago
Stritch School of Medicine

Extensor digiti minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) Extends 5th digit Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm

Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansions of medial Extends medial four digits, assists in Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm
four digits Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) wrist
extension
Extensor indicis Posterior surface of ulna and Extensor expansion of 2nd digit Extends 2nd digit and helps extend Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm
interosseous membrane Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
hand at wrist
Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior surface of radius and Dorsal base of proximal phalanx Extends proximal phalanx of thumb Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm
interosseous membrane of thumb Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) at carpometacarpal
joint
Posterior surface of middle third Dorsal base of distal phalanx of Extends distal phalanx of thumb at
Extensor pollicis longus of ulna, interosseous membrane thumb Radial nerve (posterior interosseous) interphalangeal and Posterior interosseous artery Posterior forearm
metacarpophalangeal joints
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Lateral, posterior, and anterior Radial recurrent artery, posterior
Supinator Radial nerve (deep branch) Supinates forearm Posterior forearm
supinator crest of ulna surfaces of proximal third of radius interosseous arteries

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT

MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP
(ORIGIN) (INSERTION)
Clavicular part : flexes and medially
rotates arm
Lateral third of anterior clavicle, Acromial part: abducts arm beyond Posterior circumflex humeral
Deltoid lateral acromion, inferior edge of Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary nerve initial 15 degrees done by artery, deltoid branch of thoraco‐ Shoulder
spine of scapula supraspinatus Spinal part: extends acromial artery
and laterally rotates arm
Infraspinous fossa of scapula and Middle facet of greater tubercle of Lateral rotation of arm (with teres
Infraspinatus Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Shoulder deep fascia humerus minor)
Thoracodorsal artery, dorsal
perforating branches of 9th, 10th,
Spinous processes of T7–L5 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac Extends, adducts, and medially
Latissimus dorsi Thoracodorsal nerve and 11th posterior intercostal, Shoulder
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus crest, last 3 ribs rotates humerus at shoulder
subcostal, and first three lumbar
arteries
Serratus anterior Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9 ribs Costal surface of medial border of Protracts and rotates scapula and
Long thoracic nerve Lateral thoracic artery Shoulder
scapula holds it against thoracic wall
Subclavius Upper border of 1st rib and its Inferior surface of middle third of Clavicular branch of thoraco‐acromial
cartilage Nerve to subclavius Anchors and depresses clavicle Shoulder
clavicle artery
Medially rotates arm at shoulder and
Subscapular artery, lateral thoracic
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle of humerus Upper and lower subscapular nerves Shoulder
adducts it, helps hold humeral head artery
in glenoid cavity
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Superior facet of greater tubercle of Initiates arm abduction, acts with Shoulder
and deep fascia Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery
humerus rotator cuff muscles
Teres major Posterior surface of inferior Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of Adducts and medially rotates arm Circumflex scapular artery Shoulder
angle of scapula Lower subscapular nerve
humerus
Teres minor Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of Inferior facet of greater tubercle of Laterally rotates arm Circumflex scapular artery Shoulder
lateral border of scapula Axillary nerve
humerus

07/16/2015
 Robert Frysztak, PhD.
Structure of the Human Body
Loyola University Chicago
Stritch School of Medicine

Dorsal scapular artery, transverse

Posterior tubercles of transverse Medial border of scapula from Ventral rami of C3–C4 and dorsal Elevates scapula medially, inferiorly
Levator scapulae cervical artery, ascending cervical Superficial back
processes of C1–C4 superior angle to spine scapular nerve rotates glenoid cavity
artery
Dorsal scapular OR deep branch
Medial border of scapula below base Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and of transverse cervical artery,
Spinous processes of T2–T5
Rhomboid major Dorsal scapular nerve retracts and rotates it to depress dorsal perforating branches of Superficial back
vertebrae
of spine of scapula glenoid cavity the upper five or six posterior
intercostal arteries artery
Ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 Medial border of scapula at spine of
Rhomboid minor Dorsal scapular nerve
and T1 vertebrae scapula
Fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
Dorsal scapular artery OR deep branch of transverse cervical artery, dorsal perforating branches of the Superficial back
upper five or six posterior intercostal arteries

Superior nuchal line, external Transverse cervical artery, dorsal

occipital protuberance, nuchal Lateral third of clavicle, Accessory nerve (cranial nerve Elevates, retracts, and rotates perforating branches of posterior
Trapezius scapula; lower fibers depress scapula Superficial back
ligament, spinous processes of acromion, and spine of scapula XI)
C7–T12 intercostal arteries

07/16/2015