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Interpretation of Assessment Results: Graphical Presentation & Quantitative Analysis

Okay, let's solve this step-by-step: 1) Mean = Sum of all scores / Total number of scores = (40 + 42 + 45 + 48 + 50 + 52 + 54 + 68) / 8 = 399 / 8 = 49.875 ~ 50 2) Median = Middle number when arranged in ascending order = 50 3) Mode = Number that occurs most frequently = 50, 52, 54 each occur once. No mode. So, the mean is 50, the median is 50 and there is no mode.

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124 views33 pages

Interpretation of Assessment Results: Graphical Presentation & Quantitative Analysis

Okay, let's solve this step-by-step: 1) Mean = Sum of all scores / Total number of scores = (40 + 42 + 45 + 48 + 50 + 52 + 54 + 68) / 8 = 399 / 8 = 49.875 ~ 50 2) Median = Middle number when arranged in ascending order = 50 3) Mode = Number that occurs most frequently = 50, 52, 54 each occur once. No mode. So, the mean is 50, the median is 50 and there is no mode.

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MarvinApostol
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Interpretation of

Assessment Results
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION &
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
How do teachers
know that the
students did well in a
test?
Learning Objectives
1.Interpret learners’ performance using
appropriate measures
2.Suggest possible ways to improve teaching
and learning based on the analysis and
interpretation
3.Present analysis and interpretation using
quantitative analysis and interpretation
Measures of
Central Tendency
Central Tendency
• In general terms, central tendency is a statistical
measure that determines a single value that accurately
describes the center of the distribution and represents
the entire distribution of scores.
• The goal of central tendency is to identify the single
value that is the best representative for the entire set of
data.
• The tendency of the data to cluster or to center about
certain numerical values.

5
Mean

• THE ARITHMETIC MEAN OR


ARITHMETIC AVERAGE
• THE SUM OF THE SCORES IN A
DISTRIBUTION DIVIDED BY THE
NUMBER OF SCORES

Formula X =
 X
n
Mean
EXAMPLE:
SCORES ARE 8, 9, 10, 11 AND 12
SUM OF SCORES IS 50
Solution
X =
 X
n
= 10
Find the Mean
My 5 test scores for English 1
are 95, 83, 92, 81, 75.

What is the mean?


Find the Mean
• My 5 test scores for English 1 are 95, 83, 92, 81,
75. What is the mean?
• ANSWER: sum up all the tests and divide by
the total number of tests.
• Test mean = (95+83+92+81+75)/5 = 85.2
Median
• THE MIDDLE NUMBER WHEN THE
MEASUREMENTS IN A DATA SET ARE
ARRANGED IN ASCENDING (OR
DESCENDING) ORDER.
• THE MEDIAN CAN BE IDENTICAL TO ONE OF
THE ACTUAL SCORES THAT OCCURRED OR IT
MAY BE EQUAL TO SOME VALUE BETWEEN
TWO ACTUAL SCORES.
• IF THE “N” IS ODD, THE MEDIAN IS THE
MIDDLE NUMBER.
• IF THE “N” IS EVEN, THE MEDIAN IS THE MEAN
OF THE TWO NUMBERS.
Finding the Median: odd # f
X f 9
9 2 9
7 1 7
5 3 5
3 3 5
1 2 5
11 3
3
median = 3
1
1
Finding the Median: even # f
Finding the Median: even # f
X f 9
9 2 9
7 1 7
5 3 5
3 3 5
1 3 5
12 3
3
Average middle 2 values 3
median = 1
1
1
Find the Median.
Here are a bunch of 10 point quizzes from MATH 117:
9, 6, 7, 10, 9, 4, 9, 2, 9, 10, 7, 7, 5, 6, 7

As you can see there are 15 data points.

Now arrange the data points in order from smallest to


largest.
Find the Median.
The data points in order from smallest to largest.
2, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10

Calculate the location of the median: (15+1)/2=8.


The eighth piece of data is the median. Thus the
median is 7.
Mode
• THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING
SCORE IN A DISTRIBUTION.
• THE SIMPLEST MEASURE OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY TO CALCULATE AND
INTERPRET BUT IT USUALLY PROVIDES
THE LEAST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION
ABOUT THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE
THREE MEASURES.
• A DISTRIBUTION MAY BE UNIMODAL,
BIMODAL, TRIMODAL,
POLY/MULTIMODAL, OR IT MAY NOT
HAVE ANY MODE.
MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

• DESCRIBES THE SET OF SCORES IN TERMS OF THEIR SPREAD, OR


HETEROGENEITY
•CONSIDER TWO GROUPS OF SCORES
GROUP 1 = 9, 5, 1; GROUP 2 = 5, 6, 4
•BOTH HAVE A MEAN AND MEDIAN OF 5 BUT GROUP 2 HAS MUCH
MORE HOMOGENEOUS OR SIMILAR SCORES THAN GROUP 1
- THEY DESCRIBE HOW DISPERSED OR SPREAD OUT A SET OF DATA IS-
MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

• RANGE

• STANDARD DEVIATION

• VARIANCE
RANGE

• EASIEST MEASURE OF VARIABILITY TO


CALCULATE
• USED WHEN THE MEASURE OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY IS THE MODE
• SIMPLY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
HIGHEST AND LOWEST SCORES
What is the range in the set of scores
below?

• SET OF SCORES:
7, 2, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2

RANGE = HIGHEST SCORE MINUS LOWEST SCORE


=7-2=5
STANDARD DEVIATION (S)

• MEASURE OF AVERAGE DISTANCE THAT SCORES VARY


FROM THE MEAN OF THE DISTRIBUTION.
• INDICATES THE AMOUNT THAT ALL SCORES DIFFER OR
DEVIATE FROM THE MEAN
• THE MORE THE SCORES DIFFER FROM THE MEAN, THE
HIGHER THE STANDARD DEVIATION (S)
• SUM OF THE DEVIATIONS OF SCORES FROM THE MEAN IS
ALWAYS IS 0
VARIANCE
• USEFUL STATISTIC IN CERTAIN HIGH LEVEL STATISTICAL
PROCEDURES LIKE REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
• CALCULATED BY SQUARING THE STANDARD
DEVIATION (S2)
• STANDARD DEVIATION = S = 4
• VARIANCE = S2 = 42 = 16
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION GRAPHS

• Frequency distribution graphs are useful because


they show the entire set of scores.
• At a glance, you can determine the highest score,
the lowest score, and where the scores are
centered.
• The graph also shows whether the scores are
clustered together or scattered over a wide range.

25
Symmetric Distribution
A distribution is SYMMETRIC if
it can be folded along the
vertical axis so that the two
side coincide.
-> Mean=Median
-> Skewness = 0
Asymmetric Distribution
If the curve drawn from a
distribution is ASYMMETRIC, then
the distribution is not normal.

There are several types of


asymmetry:
- Peakedness (Kurtosis)
- Modality
- Spread (skewness)
Midpoint

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Mean=Median=Mode
Positively and Negatively
Skewed Distributions
• In a positively skewed distribution, the scores
tend to pile up on the left side of the
distribution with the tail tapering off to the
right.
• In a negatively skewed distribution, the
scores tend to pile up on the right side and
the tail points to the left.

30
• positively skewed
• Skewed to the right
• More students got _____ marks
• negatively skewed
• Skewed to the left
• More students got _____ marks
• positively skewed
• Skewed to the right
• More students got _____ marks
• negatively skewed
• Skewed to the left
• More students got _____ marks
Formative Assessment

What is the mean, median and the


mode of this score distribution:
40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 54,68?

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